2019年英语新同步北师大必修五讲义：UNIT15 SECTIONⅢ WORD版含答案.doc

1、Section_Lesson_2_&_Lesson_3_Prereading对应学生用书P73My TeacherGraham Lawrence,29, science author who gives presentations on TV， went to Overton School, 19811989.I havent seen Mr Jenkins since I left school but I often think about him. I wasnt very good at most school subjects. I suppose I was a bit lazy

2、and now I wish Id done more work, especially in maths. The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees！ But when I was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins class, I really became interested in a subject for the first time.Before Mr Jenkins, science had s

3、imply been a subject full of strange words to me. I had no idea what an atom was and I didnt really want to know either! I found it all so boring and difficult. But Mr Jenkins made everything interesting. He used to explain things with lots of practical examples and simplified things that seemed dif

4、ficult. One day, he took us outside and we built a rocket! I remember that he let me pour some powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off. It was great fun.presentation n介绍，说明；讲述，呈现画线部分是 Graham Lawrence 的同位语，其中 who 引导定语从句。since 引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。wish 从句使用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相

5、反。angle l n角angel n天使triangle traIl n三角形add up to 共计；总计达到 add .up 把加起来I can remember 为省略关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词 the only thing; that 引导表语从句。become interested in . 变得对感兴趣have no idea 不知道atom tm n原子used to do sth. 过去常常做某事that引导定语从句，修饰先行词things。pour p vt.倒，灌powder pad n火药flame fleIm n火焰，火舌set off 使爆炸；引发fun n趣味，

6、有趣fun是不可数名词，不与不定冠词连用，词尾也不加 s。我的老师第13段译文来源:学*科*网格雷厄姆劳伦斯，29岁，在电视上作讲解的科学作家，于1981年至1989年间在奥斐顿中学读书。自从我离开学校后再也没有见过詹金斯先生，但我经常想起他。我上学时大多数科目都学得不太好，我想我当时有点儿懒，现在我真希望当时能多做些努力，特别是在数学方面。我对学校所学的数学能够记得的唯一的东西是一个三角形的角度总和是180度！但是当我15岁走进詹金斯先生的课堂时，我平生第一次真正地对一门课产生了兴趣。在詹金斯先生教我之前，科学课对我而言只是一门充满怪异词汇的科目。我不知道原子是什么，而且也真的不想知道！我觉

7、得科学很乏味无聊，又深奥难懂。但是詹金斯先生使一切变得妙趣横生。他总是通过许多实实在在的例子来讲解知识，使看起来难懂的事物简单化。有一天，他带我们到户外，我们自己制作了一枚火箭！我记得他让我把一些粉末倒入火箭，然后另一个学生点火将火箭发射了出去。真是有趣极了。I know that I wasnt a willing student and I shouldnt have been so difficult at school, but it was probably because I lacked confidence in myself. Mr Jenkins made me feel

8、that I could do things. I was interested in astronomy and he asked me to give a presentation to the class. That was really the first time I ever tried to explain science to an audience and now its my job! Often when Im preparing a programme, I think about how Mr Jenkins would have done it. Sometimes

9、 I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion！willing adj.积极肯干的；乐意的be willing to do 愿意做shouldnt have done 本不应该做(而做了)should have done 本应该做(而没做)probably adv.很可能，大概lack lk vt.缺乏，没有lack confidence in 对缺乏信心lack (for) nothing 没有欠缺从句用了虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反。第4段译文我知道上学时我不是一个积极肯学的学生，而且自己本不该那么叛逆，但那很可能是因为我缺乏自信。詹金斯

10、先生让我感到我能把事情做好。我对天文感兴趣，于是他让我给全班上一堂课。那真的是我第一次面对听众讲解科学知识，而现在这成了我的工作！现在每当我准备节目时，我经常会想詹金斯先生当时会怎样做。有时我真希望我能给他打个电话问问他的意见！My StudentBrian Jenkins, science teacher at Overton School.Before Graham came into my class, he was very difficult. I had heard stories about his bad behaviour. Once I caught him and a f

11、riend seeing who could spit the furthest off the school stage! But when he got interested, he changed. The first day he walked into my class， he was dragging his school bag behind him and looking bored, but as soon as I set up an experiment to show how the human stomach works using acid and an onion

12、， he gave me his full attention. He loved science! He was very bright and should have done much better in all his other subjects. Ive read a couple of his books and seen him on TV. I always say to my wife，“Oh look, I used to teach him！”I wish I was as successful with all my students as I was with Gr

13、aham. Its difficult teaching nowadays. There are lots of problems and not enough money. The government should have put more money towards science education. And I wish they would decrease the size of classes its not easy doing lessons in laboratories with big groups and it must be even worse in the

14、poorer schools! At least with schools like ours, we have laboratories!My wife often wishes that I had chosen a job with less stress but I love what I do. The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to childrens minds when they are open and eager to learn. And if what I do as a teacher ca

15、n help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what Im doing is worthwhile.spit spIt vi.吐口水，吐痰the first day . 为时间状语从句。drag dr vt.拖，拉set up 建立，设立acid sId n酸onion njn n洋葱it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 teaching。must 表示推测，意为“一定，必定。” 表推测时，must 只用于肯定句。at least 至少at (the) most 至多，不超过wish 从句使用了虚

16、拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。stress n压力stressful adj.压力大的；紧张的stressed adj.焦虑不安的access kses n(使用或见到的)机会have access to 有机会得到/接触/进入turn .into . 把转变成worthwhile wwaIl adj.值得努力的It is worthwhile来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*Kis worthwhile.做某事是值得的。我的学生第58段译文布赖恩詹金斯，奥斐顿中学的科学老师。格雷厄姆来到我的班以前是个“问题”学生。我对他的恶劣行径早有耳闻。有一次我当场捉到他与一个朋友比赛看谁从学校舞台上吐口水吐得最

17、远！但是当他产生兴趣后，他变了。他第一天走进我课堂时，身后拖着书包，表情厌倦。但是当我用酸和洋葱做实验以表现人的胃是如何工作的时候，他变得全神贯注。他热爱科学！格雷厄姆非常聪明，他本应该把其他所有的科目都学得更好。我读过几本他写的书，也在电视上见过他。我总是对我妻子说：“看哪，我曾经教过他！”我希望我教的其他所有学生也能像教格雷厄姆这样成功。如今教书不那么容易了，有许多问题，而且经费紧张。政府本该给科学教育多拨些款。我还希望他们能减少班级的人数在实验室上课时，小组人数过多不太好操作，而且比较穷的学校里情况一定更差！至少在像我们这样的学校里，我们有实验室！我的妻子常常希望我选择一份压力小点儿的工

18、作，但是我热爱我所做的一切。作为一名老师，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时进入他们的思想。如果作为一名老师我所做的工作能够帮助将一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成一个如此成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1assignmentAexceptional good, excellent2alternative Bimportant, interesting or rewarding enough to justify the time, money or effort

19、that is spent3outstanding Ctask or duty that is assigned to sb.4misunderstand Davailable in place of sth. else5pour Ecause (a liquid or substance that flows like liquid) to flow in a continuous stream6lack Fbe without (sth.), have less than enough of7access Gform a wrong opinion of (sb./sth.)8worthw

20、hile Hmeans of approaching or entering (a place) way in14_58_答案：14CDAG58EFHBLeadinDuring our school life, we have enjoyed many teachers lessons. Well, which one do you think is your favorite teacher? And why?参考答案：I_think_my_English_teacher_in_Senior_High_School_is_my_favorite._She_has_much_teaching_

21、experience_and_knowledge,_and_she_always_makes_us_interested_in_her_class._She_always_makes_her_class_interesting._She_used_to_explain_things_with_lots_of_practical_examples_and_simplify_the_things_that_seemed_difficult._In_addition,_she_often_encourages_us_and_makes_us_filled_with_confidence.Whiler

22、eadingFastreadingSkim the text and finish the following questions.1What kind of pupil was Graham?He was a bit lazy,_rebellious (叛逆的), not cooperative,_lacked confidence,_and was not good at most_school_subjects.2What kind of teacher was Mr Jenkins?He could make everything interesting and could make

23、me feel I could do_everything.CarefulreadingRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.1Which subject of Graham Lawrences is the worst?AScience.BAstronomy.CMaths. DGeography.2What made Graham Lawrence miss his teacher Mr Jenkins so much?AHis humor.BHis interesting classes.CHis encouragement

24、to Graham Lawrence.DBoth B and C.3Why is teaching difficult nowadays according to Brian Jenkins?来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.KAThe school is very large.BThe class size is too large.CThere are problems and not enough money.DThe government lacks money.4Graham began to like science because _.AMr Jenkins told him scie

25、nce is very important.BMr Jenkins made the class lively.CMr Jenkins took him outside and built a rocket.Dhe had to pass the science exam.5What can we learn from the article?AMr Jenkins teaching method was so traditional that many students were very upset.BMr Jenkins loved teaching very much but he w

26、ould give it up soon.CGraham was diligent and hardworking.DGraham was a difficult student before he met Mr Jenkins.答案：15CDCBDStudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1I know that I wasnt a willing student and I shouldnt have been so difficult at school, but it was probably b

27、ecause I lacked confidence in myself.句式分析尝试翻译我知道我上学时不是一个积极肯学的学生，而且自己本不该那么叛逆，但那很可能是因为我缺乏自信。2The first day he walked into my class, he was dragging his school bag behind him and looking bored, but as soon as I set up an experiment to show how the human stomach works using acid and an onion, he gave me

28、 his full attention.句式分析尝试翻译他第一天走进我的课堂时，身后拖着书包，表情厌倦。但是当我用酸和洋葱做实验以表现人的胃是如何工作的时候，他变得全神贯注。.阅读理解AShare your poems, get feedback (反馈) for your poetry, and enter poetry contests (竞赛). Choose from the following poetry contests that you can enter. Get feedback for every poem that you write including your co

29、ntest entries.How It WorksAs a member, you will get feedback for everything you write. You can enter poetry contests with cash prizes. You will be ranked. Write and see how the feedback you receive influences your rank. Since the year 2000 we have been helping writers improve their writing skills.Po

30、etry Contests in MayFriendship_across_culturesWrite a story about a friend that opened your world to another culture.Deadline: Today!Technology_warsWrite a story on the topic provided in the announcement.Deadline: Today!Poetry Contests in JuneLyrics_make_the_songPen your newest, and best, song lyric

31、 masterpieces and enter them into this contest.NO POETRY ALLOWED FOR THIS CONTEST!Must be song lyrics only.Deadline: June 1stUnexpected romanceWrite a story that brings two people together, two people who dont necessarily realize that they belong together but the audience is rooting for them. Write

32、a story for a cash prize.Deadline: June 15thPoetry Contests in JulyNewbie_writing_contestFor our New Arrival “This Sentence Starts the Story” contest we challenge you to write a story that starts with this sentence: “Hell found me.” A poetry contest with a cash prize.Deadline: July 3rdShare_your_sto

33、ryA memoir (回忆录) gives us the ability to write about our life. But you can write about life with the option (选择) to create and invent and to make sense of a life, or part of that life. Write a piece of your life! A cash prize to the winning entry.Deadline: July 10th语篇解读：本文是应用文。文章介绍了诗歌比赛的相关信息。1What d

34、o we know about the contests in May?AThey are held yearly.BThey are topicbased.CThey offer no feedback.DThey are humanfocused.来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K解析：选B细节理解题。由Friendship_across_cultures介绍内容中的“Write a story about a friend that opened your world to another culture.”以及Technology_wars介绍内容中的“Write a story on t

35、he topic provided in the announcement.”可知，五月份的诗歌比赛都是要求参赛者按照所给出的主题进行写作的。2Contestants of “Lyrics make the song” _.Acan hand in poemsBshould write song lyricsChave a chance to win a cash prizeDmust enter their works before July 3rd解析：选B细节理解题。由Lyrics_make_the_song介绍内容中的“Must be song lyrics only.”可知，参赛者只

36、能提交歌词作品。3What type of writing is this text?AA writing guide.BA poetry review.CAn official report.DAn announcement.解析：选D文章体裁题。通读全文可知，本文是一则诗歌比赛的通知，介绍了各项诗歌比赛的相关信息。BYou just heard you would have a math test on Friday the same day as your big history test and weekly quiz on Spanish Verbs. How will you ge

37、t all your studying done?Studying for tests and quizzes actually starts before you even know youll have a test. Good study techniques begin in the classroom as you take notes. Notetaking is a way of remembering what you were taught or what youve read about. Even if you are an amazingly organized and

38、 neat notetaker, copying and organizing notes after class helps you absorb and understand the material. And that makes studying easier and faster at test time.As you study, review your notes and any special information from your textbook. In the case of math or science problems, do some practice. Pa

39、y special attention to anything the teacher seemed to stress in class.来源:学科网ZXXKMany teachers tell students ahead of time what the format (格式) of an exam will be. This can help you study. For example, if the exam will contain essay questions, youll want to think about which topics are most likely to

40、 be covered. Then come up with several possible essay topics and use your notes, books and other reference sources to figure out how you might answer questions on those topics.When trying to memorize dates, names, or, other factual information, keep in mind that it usually takes a number of tries to

41、 remember something correctly. Read things over several times if you need to, and write down any phrases or thoughts that will help you remember main ideas or concepts.语篇解读：本文是说明文。作为学生，人人都避免不了考试。当各种各样的考试一起涌来时，你该怎样面对呢？读了此文能够使你从容面对考试，并在考试中取得好成绩。4The best title for the passage would be “_”ANotetaking I

42、s ImportantBHow to Study in ClassCHow to Prepare for ExamsDWays to Study解析：选C主旨大意题。该篇文章讲的主要是如何应对考试。选项A、B、D三项文章虽有涉及，但不是文章的主要内容，故不能作为标题。5According to the passage, the first step to get a high score in a test is to _.Aremember what youve learnedBtake notes in classCunderstand what youre taughtDdo more

43、exercises解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Good study techniques begin in the classroom as you take notes.”可知答案。6Before an exam teachers usually tell students _.Awhat theyll examine onBwhat they should pay attention toChow to answer questionsDthe ways to take an exam解析：选A细节理解题。文章第四段告诉我们，考试前老师通常都会告诉学生要考什么类型的题，然后学生根

44、据要考试的题型去复习需要注意的内容，所以B项并不是老师告诉学生的。C、D两项文章没有提到。7This passage is most likely taken from _.Aa fashionable magazineBa textbook for studentsCa newspaperDa web for teens解析：选D文章出处题。文章主要讲述如何应对考试，教材、杂志、报纸都不可能有这样的文章，该篇文章最有可能选自一个青少年网站。CI once saw a TV programme at college about a scientist who used “drift bottl

45、es (漂流瓶)” to mark ocean currents. It was a rather boring programme. I was more interested to read an article about someone who found a bottle on a beach with a message inside. Like the drift bottles, it had been thrown into the sea but 21 years before. I decided to find out more about such bottles,

46、and I started work on this intriguing (非常有趣的) research.An early message in a bottle was thrown into the sea by Christopher Columbus during a terrible storm. He wrote about his discovery of America and expected that his message would be sent to the Queen of Spain. He wanted the news to reach her, but

47、 he thought he might be drowned in the storm. In fact, he survived but the bottle was never found. I would be excited to find a message in a bottle, but in the 16th century, it could be dangerous. In those days, the British Navy (海军) used messages in bottles to send information about the enemy. When

48、 Queen Elizabeth I found out that a boatman had opened a bottle containing one of these secret messages, she created a new job, Uncorker of Ocean Bottles. I was amazed to learn that anyone else who opened a bottle could be sentenced to death. It seems very strange to us now.A long time ago, before d

49、ating websites existed to help people find partners, a sailor in Sweden put this message in a bottle “To someone beautiful and far away.” It was found by a young woman in Sicily. She answered the message “I am not beautiful, but it seems a miracle (奇迹) I found your message.” They began to write lett

50、ers to each other, and eventually got married.Nowadays its easy to communicate with anyone anywhere in the world, but I think people will still go on throwing bottles with messages into the ocean and guessing where the winds and the waves will carry them. And how romantic it would be to find a bottl

51、e with a message inside!语篇解读：本文是说明文。漂流瓶是人们穿越广阔大海进行交流的一种有趣的交流方式，投进大海的漂流瓶不知道将漂向何方，被何人捡到，充满着未知的神秘气息。8Why did the author do some research on bottles thrown into the sea?AHe had found a message in one.BHe had read an article about one.CHe had to do a project on them at college.DHe had watched a TV progra

52、mme about them.解析：选B细节理解题。由第一段中的“I was more interested to read an article about someone . I decided to find out more about such bottles”可知，作者读到一篇关于21年前被扔到海里的漂流瓶被发现的故事后对漂流瓶产生了极大的兴趣，从而开始了对漂流瓶的研究工作。9Christopher Columbus put a message into a bottle to _.Astudy ocean currentsBreport his discoveryCask for

53、 rescueDtry his luck解析：选B推理判断题。由第二段中的“He wrote about his discovery of America . He wanted the news to reach her”可知，哥伦布在信上写下他发现了美洲，希望这一信息能送到西班牙女王手上。10How did the author feel about the 16th century punishment for opening ocean bottles?AFrightening.BAmusing.CAstonishing. DSatisfying.解析：选C推理判断题。由第三段中的“I

54、 was amazed to learn that anyone else who opened a bottle could be sentenced to death. It seems very strange to us now.”可知，作者对这一惩罚感到很吃惊。11Why did the young woman in Sicily reply to the Swedish sailors message?AShe wanted to have a pen friend.BShe felt she fitted his description.CShe failed to access

55、 a dating website.DShe was impressed by the bottles journey.解析：选D推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“I am not beautiful, but it seems a miracle I found your message.”可知，西西里岛的这位年轻女子认为她能捡到来自瑞典水手的漂流瓶是一个奇迹。.阅读七选五PollutionPollution happens when the environment is dirtied, by waste, chemicals, and other harmful substances (物质

56、). Pollution is a problem all over the world. But it is especially bad in large cities with a lot of industries and cars. _1_Wildfires, volcanoes, and industrial chemicals cause some air pollution. But most air pollution comes from burning fossil fuels (矿物燃料). These include coal, oil, and natural ga

57、s. The burning of fossil fuels may release harmful gases. Air pollution may cause such diseases as cancer and asthma. It also leads to polluted rain that can harm living things. _2_ Finally, air pollution damages the ozone layer (臭氧层), which is important because it protects Earth against harmful ray

58、s from the sun.Causes of water pollution are easy to see. People dump (倾倒) garbage and dirty water into rivers, lakes and oceans. Factories or cities sometimes release poisonous chemicals, and other wastes into water. These chemicals may make the groundwater unfit to drink. _3_Littering, or throwing

59、 garbage on the ground, is a form of land pollution. Litter can destroy the habitats of plants and animals. The buildup of dangerous chemicals in the ground is another form of land pollution. The chemicals may come from farms or factories. _4_ They may even harm people who eat the polluted plants an

60、d animals.Many governments, environmental groups, and ordinary people are working to control pollution. Governments have passed laws to keep people from releasing dangerous chemicals into the environment. _5_ Instead they are getting power from the sun, wind, water, and other energy sources that pro

61、duce less pollution. Many communities use recycling to reduce pollution.AFarmers use chemicals to help crops grow.BThis type of pollution may be seen in big cities.CThey also can harm fish and other forms of life.DThese chemicals can spread to plants and animals.EIn addition, air pollution may be a

62、cause of global warming.FThere are three main forms of pollution: air, water, and land.GSome companies and people are trying to use fewer fossil fuels.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了污染的三种主要形式和控制污染的措施。1选F由第二至四段分别对air pollution, water pollution和land pollution的介绍可知，划线处指：污染主要有三种形式：空气污染、水污染和土地污染。2选E由该空前的“Air polluti

63、on may cause such diseases”和“It also leads to polluted rain”以及该空后的“Finally, air pollution damages the ozone layer”可知，划线处讲的也是大气污染的影响，E项内容“此外，空气污染也可能是全球变暖的原因”符合此处语境。3选C本段主要讲述水污染的原因及影响，由该空前的“These chemicals may make the groundwater unfit to drink.”可知，C项内容“这些化学物质还会危害鱼和其他生物”符合语境。4选D由该空前对污染土地的化学物质的描述以及该空后的“They may even harm people who eat the polluted plants and animals.”可知，这些化学物质会蔓延到植物和动物身上，甚至会危害人类。5选G本段主要讲述控制污染的措施，由该空后的“Instead they are getting power from the sun .”可知，G项内容“一些公司以及有些人正在努力减少矿物燃料的使用”符合此处语境。