2019年英语新同步浙江专用必修五讲义：UNIT 5 SECTION Ⅲ GRAMMAR— 省略 WORD版含解析.doc

1、Section_Grammar_省略语法图解探究发现1(You) Come in, please!2John is a lawyer, and his wife (is) a cleaner.3. aFirst degree burns turn white when (they are) pressed.bIf burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if (it is) possible.4. aHe is the man (who/whom/that) you can depend on.bThere is

2、no doubt that Johns quick thinking and the first aid skills (that/which) he learned at school saved Ms Slades life.5The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother did not allow him to (play football in the street)6. It shows (that) a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.我

3、的发现(1)例句1为简单句中的省略。(2)例句2为并列句中的省略。(3)第1组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语指的是同一人或物，且由人称代词的主格担当，或当状语从句的主语为it，而且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略。(4)第2组例句为关系代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。(5)例句5为不定式的省略。有时可用不定式符号“to”来替代上文中出现的不定式。(6)例句6体现的是当及物动词之后跟由连接词that引导的宾语从句时，that可以省略。为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语

4、中叫省略。在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：一、简单句中的省略1省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。(You) Shut up!住嘴！(You) Want a hand?需要帮忙吗？(I) Beg your pardon.请再说一遍。(It) Doesnt matter.没关系。2省略宾语：当上、下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。Do you know Miss Gao?I dont know (her)你认识高女士吗？不认识。3省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部

5、分)：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。(You come) This way, please.请这边走。(省略了主语和谓语)(Have you) Got any ink?你有墨水吗？(省略了主语和谓语的一部分)即时演练1补全下列省略句Have a seat, please!You_have_a_seat,_please!Looks like rain.It_looks_like_rain.Lets do the dishes. Ill wash and you dry.Lets_do_

6、the_dishes._Ill_wash_and_you_dry_them/the_dishes.Got any idea about the plan?Have_you_got_any_idea_about_the_plan?二、并列句中的省略在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。1省略共同的主语或宾语。Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher.汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。2若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动

7、词。Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。3若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。4若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesnt (have a

8、knowledge of first aid)他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。即时演练2写出下列句中可以省略的部分Some of us study Japanese, and others study English.others后的studyHe gave up drinking several months, but he returned to his old way later.heMy friend didnt come to school, but I wonder why he/she didnt come to school.he/she_didnt_come_to_schoo

9、l三、复合句中的省略1状语从句的省略(1)在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless, whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。Wood gives off much smoke while (it is) burning.木头燃烧时产生很多烟。Whenever (it is) possible, they would stop him and ask him the three que

10、stions. 只要有可能，他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。Will you be free this Sunday? If (it is) so, lets go camping.这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。名师点津省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。When (it is) heated, ice can be turned into water.加热的时候冰可以变成水。(2)在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。They dont use more water

11、than (it is) necessary.他们使用的水没有超出需要量。He runs as fast as Bob (runs)他和鲍勃跑得一样快。名师点津并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be动词，由after, before, because等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语等，用动名词代替be动词。Because he was ill, he didnt attend the meeting.Because of being ill, he didnt attend the meeting.(正)Being ill, he didnt attend the meeting.(正)

12、Because ill, he didnt attend the meeting.(误)由于生病了，他没有出席会议。即时演练3(1)用所给词的适当形式填空When surfing (surf) the Internet, I downloaded the film.Video games can be a poor influence if left (leave) in the wrong hands.He shook his head as if to_say (say) “no”(2)把下列句子改为省略句If it is so, I hope you will have a wonder

13、ful time. If_so,_I hope you will have a wonderful time.The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as_in_Guangzhou.2定语从句的省略(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略(但whom, which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。The exact year(which/that)Angela and her family

14、spent together in China was 2008.安哥拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2008年。(2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。The way he speaks to us is really annoying.他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。即时演练4写出下列句中可以省略的部分Among the many dangers which sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.whichPlease send us all the information that yo

15、u have about the candidate for the position.that3宾语从句的省略(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.我真的相信美丽来自内心。He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。(2)when, wher

16、e, how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。I know that a movie star will come to our city but I dont know when (he will come to our city)我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市，但我不知道他什么时候来。即时演练5写出下列句中可以省略的部分Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.thatShe didnt go to school yesterday. I

17、 dont know why she didnt go to school yesterday. she_didnt_go_to_school_yesterday四、其他的省略情况1动词不定式的省略(1)当不定式在形容词afraid, anxious, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。You cant force him to answer the question if hes not ready to (answer the question)如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。(2)某些使役动词，如：make, l

18、et, have等和感官动词，如：see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态)我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。He likes to swim more than (

19、to) skate.比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.(比较)他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。 (4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree, afford, expect, forget, hope, know, manage, pretend, remember, refuse, want, wish, would like等。I would do it for you, but I dont know how to (do it for you)我愿意

20、为你做这件事，但是我不知怎么去做。(5)介词but, except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。All he could do was nothing but wait and see.他所能做的只有等着瞧。(6)当不定式在be going to, be able to, have to, ought to, used to后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。They didnt visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents)他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。名师点津省略的不定式内容

21、若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。类似这样用法的还有动词短语ought to, be going to, be about to, be supposed to, have to, used to及形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等。He didnt come, but he ought to have.他没来，但他应该来。Are you a farmer?No, but I used to be (a farmer)你是个农民吗？不是，但我过去是。即时演练6按要求做题There were so many car

22、s held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to wait.We can do nothing but to give up.He was noticed to leave the office.The city now is much noisier than it used to be.My mother wouldnt let me to go to see the film.(1)以上句子中，加黑部分应省略的是：(2)不能省略的是：2使用so, not等时的省略在英语中，可以用so, no

23、t或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。Can you finish your work today?你今天能完成工作吗？I think so.我认为能。I dont think so./I think not.我认为不能。名师点津hope, guess, be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not . so的形式。The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?I guess not.男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？我猜是没做好。即时演练7补全句子Is he feeling better today?Im_

24、afraid_not (恐怕没有好转)Tom was injured, or he would have won the race.I_think_so (我认为如此)3介词的省略(1)一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.be busy (in) doing sth.spend some time (in) doing sth.stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.The heavy rain prevented him (from) ar

25、riving there on time.大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。(2)表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every, each, some等词之前时，一般省略。We go to school (on) every day except Sundays.除星期天外，我们每天都上学。即时演练8补全下列句中省略的介词It was quite light and (at) any moment now the sun would rise.There were plenty of em

26、pty seats (on) that night.I have some trouble (in) learning English.将下列句子中省略的部分补全1He was determined to carry out the plan, whatever the cost.He_was_determined_to_carry_out_the_plan,_whatever_the_cost_was.2He said the meeting was very important and that we all should attend it.He_said_that_the_meetin

27、g_was_very_important_and_that_we_all_should_attend_it.3If not well organized, the meeting will be a failure.If_it_is_not_well_organized,_the_meeting_will_be_a_failure.4Only one of us was injured, and he just slightly.Only_one_of_us_was_injured,_and_he_was_injured_just_slightly.5You can do it if you

28、mean to.You_can_do_it_if_you_mean_to_do_it.6I dont like the way she treated her students.I_dont_like_the_way_that/in_which_she_treated_her_students.7Get up early tomorrow. If not, you will miss the first bus.Get_up_early_tomorrow._If_you_dont_get_up_early_tomorrow,_you_will_miss_the_first_bus.8I sha

29、ll start this week and return next week.I_shall_start_in_this_week_and_return_next_week.9While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.While_I_was_in_Beijing,_I_paid_a_visit_to_the_Summer_Palace.10Do you think our team will win?I think so.Do_you_think_our_team_will_win?I_think_our_team_will_

30、win.11He hasnt finished it yet.Well, he ought to have.He_hasnt_finished_it_yet.Well,_he_ought_to_have_finished_it.12I listen to English every day over the radio.Sounds interesting.I_listen_to_English_every_day_over_the_radio.It_sounds_interesting.13The child wanted to go swimming, but her mother tol

31、d her not to.The_child_wanted_to_go_swimming,_but_her_mother_told_her_not_to_go_swimming.14We spent a large sum of money building the house.We_spent_a_large_sum_of_money_in_building_the_house.15He gave the same answer as before.He_gave_the_same_answer_as_he_had_given_before.将下列句子改写成省略句1The burn that

32、 she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.The burn she_got_from_the_iron was red and very_painful.2Just take a short break if you are tired.Just take a short break if_tired.3Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students havent done a first aid course.On

33、ly some of the students have done a first aid course but most_havent.4John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel.John will go abroad to travel but his_brother_will_not.5She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.She stood at the gate as_if_waiting_for_som

34、eone.语法填空Nowadays the people are enjoying a more comfortable life and many people are suffering from obesity (肥胖). Thus, _1_ (lose) weight becomes very popular._2_， weight reducing is a tricky (难处理的) topic. Some people lose weight quickly by crash dieting _3_ other extreme measures. This wont help t

35、hem lose weight since they usually gain back all (and often more) of the pounds they lost because they havent _4_ (permanent) changed their habits. Whats worse, sometimes these extreme measures will _5_ (effect) the individuals health._6_ my view, before one decides to lose weight, he first of all s

36、hould make _7_ clear whether he should or not lose weight. The best way to find out if you are at a healthy weight or if you need to lose or gain weight is to talk to _8_ doctor. He or she can compare your weight with healthy norms (标准) _9_ (help) you set realistic goals. If it turns out that you would benefit from weight loss then you can follow a few of the simple suggestions _10_ are widely accepted by weight reducing experts to get it started.答案：1.losing2.However3.or4.permanently5affect6.In7.it8.a9.to help10.which/that