2019年英语新同步浙江专用选修八讲义：UNIT 2 SECTION Ⅲ GRAMMAR— 同位语及同位语从句 WORD版含答案.doc

1、Section_Grammar_同位语及同位语从句语法图解探究发现We two, Mr. Lee and myself, had a talk privately.All the Chinese people, old and young, love our socialist country.Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very enc

2、ouraging.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.I have no idea who will be in charge of the company when the manager is away.The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but

3、 to work in the city is still under discussion.我的发现(1)以上句子中加黑部分是同位语。同位语可以由名词、代词、数词、形容词或从句来充当。句是由名词短语作同位语；句是由形容词短语作同位语；句和句是由that引导的同位语从句。(2)在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。从句可以看出，同位语从句一般用that,_whether,_who,_why等词引导。(3)同位语从句常放在fact,_news,_problem,_idea,_question等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。一、同位语一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词(或起类似作用的

4、其他形式)，对前者进一步说明，这一部分就叫作同位语。可充当同位语的有名词(词组)、代词、数词、形容词(短语)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)及从句等。1名词、代词或数词充当同位语We teachers should be responsible for this.我们老师应该为此负责。(名词作同位语)They each put forward a proposal.他们每个人都提出了一个建议。(代词作同位语)You may leave it to us two.你可以把这事留给我们俩。(数词作同位语)2名词词组、形容词(词组)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)等充当同位语Mr. Robeson,

5、 our head teacher, is from Canada.我们的班主任罗伯逊先生，来自加拿大。(名词词组作同位语)Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished?逃避惩罚，这就是你的目的？(不定式短语作同位语)The current fair, the biggest in its history, is being held in a big city.目前的交易会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在一座大城市举行。(形容词短语作同位语)The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.第一个

6、计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(动名词短语作同位语)即时演练1写出下列句中充当同位语的词(组)的词性We both have a chance to take part in this activity. 代词Please bring these books to them three. 数词Wang Bing, our monitor, will help us to turn in our papers. 名词短语Is this what you have done, leaving all these things in a mess? 动名词短语People, old and young, w

7、ent to the street to watch the parade.形容词词组二、同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常见的这类名词有：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, promise, order, problem, belief, word, message, information, proof, announcement, desire, doubt, proposal, advice, possibility等。Hi

8、s accent at once betrayed the fact that he was a foreigner. 他的口音立刻显示出他是一个外国人。The news that he was in trouble determined me to act at once. 他陷入困境的消息，使我决心立即行动。All of us know the truth that the world is made of matter. 我们大家都知道世界是由物质构成的这个事实。 Why are they surprised at the idea that he will retire next ye

9、ar? 他们为什么对他将在明年退休的想法感到惊讶？即时演练2补全句子We finally got the information that_the_ticket_price_had_gone_up. 我们终于得到了票价已上涨的信息。Do you know the fact that_the_famous_actor_has_already_got_married?你知道这位著名的演员已经结婚的事实吗？She announced her decision that_she_would_have_a_journey_alone.她宣布了她将会独自旅行的决定。三、同位语从句的连接词1连接词that,

10、 whetherthat引导同位语从句时，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，一般不能省略。whether引导同位语从句时，意为“是否”，但仅起引导作用，在句中并不作成分，不可以用if替换。The news that our team has won the match is true.我们队获胜的消息是真实的。There is some doubt whether John will come on time.有人怀疑约翰是否会准时到来。2连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose引导同位语从句时，在从句中作主

11、语、宾语或表语等；其意义分别为“谁”“什么”“哪一个”“谁”“谁的”。The question who should clean the room has been solved.谁该打扫房间的问题已经解决了。I have no idea what he is up to now.我不知道他现在干什么。With time going, the doubt which of the team would win disappeared.随着时间的推进，哪支队伍会获胜的疑问消失了。The problem whom he would take the place of was discussed i

12、n the meeting over and over again.他将代替谁这个问题在会议上被反复讨论。I have no idea whose watch it is.我不知道这是谁的手表。3连接副词when, where, why和how连接副词when, where, why, how引导同位语从句时则在句中作时间、地点、原因和方式状语；其意义分别为“什么时间”“哪里”“为什么”“怎么样”。They have no idea when I will go back.他们不知道我什么时候回去。I have no idea where he has gone.我不知道他去了哪里。I hav

13、e no idea why he gave up.我不知道他为什么放弃了。I have no impression how he went home.他是怎样回家的，我没有印象。即时演练3(1)在下列句中填入恰当的引导词(2016天津高考改编)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah, but

14、 I have no idea why he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.(2)将下面句子合并为同位语从句Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet. The fact worries their parents and tea

15、chers a lot.The fact that_two_fifths_of_all_girls_in_America_are_on_a_diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.四、同位语从句的几个注意事项1同位语从句中的虚拟语气名词suggestion, order, demand, command, request等后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should) do”的形式。The order that all the soldiers (should) set off at once was given by the g

16、eneral.所有士兵立刻动身出发的命令是由将军下达的。The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary.每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是必要的。2doubt与同位语从句名词doubt(怀疑)用于肯定句中，其后面的同位语从句用whether引导； no doubt (毫无疑问)用于否定句中，其后面的同位语从句用that引导。There is no doubt that he will come.毫无疑问他会来的。(no doubt表示肯定概念)We have some d

17、oubt whether he can win the first place in the competition.我们怀疑他能否在比赛中获得第一名。(some doubt表示不确定的概念)3分隔式同位语从句有时同位语从句与其所解释说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，从而形成分隔式同位语从句，这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。A saying goes that where there is life, there is hope.谚语说：留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。(that引导的同位语从句，说明saying的内容)即时演练4单句语法填空Word came that their team

18、 had won the important game.There is some doubt whether they will accept the advice or not. He gave his daughter some advice that she (should)_make (make) good use of her holiday.I have no doubt that we need some help to do the work.五、同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句定语从句功能不同对名词加以补充说明与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，起连接作用that不作成分，只

19、起连接作用，不可省略作主语或宾语，起连接作用；作从句的宾语时可省略whether/how/what起连接作用，其中whether不作成分，而how和what作成分不引导定语从句其他wh类词作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与先行词无关作成分；起连接作用；没有自己的含义，但是代替先行词在从句中作成分巧学助记同位语从句用法口诀同位语从句似“定从”，两种句式有异同；从句均在名词后，定“限”同“释”要分清；定从“that”宾可省，同位从句“that”不省。名师点津同位语从句的简易判断方法我们可以在名词和从句之间加be动词，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑、句子通顺，则是同位语从句。即时演练5填入适当

20、的连接词并判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句I have no idea when they will come to Shanghai？同位语从句The information that you got yesterday is very useful. 定语从句The information that you gave me yesterday is very useful. 定语从句We all have those unforgettable days when we together had a meaningful time.定语从句.用适当的连接词填空1I have no id

21、ea when we will have a good rest.2The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.3(2017全国卷)We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back.4The suggestion that he gave me is practical.5The news that/which you told us ye

22、sterday is true.6Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.7There is a feeling in me that well never know what a UFO is not ever.8We all know the fact that China has a history of over five thousand years.9The proposal had been put forward,

23、and then arose the question where we were to get the proofs needed.10There is much discussion about the question how the rising food prices are affecting ordinary people.单句写作1The news that_they_had_won_the_game soon spread over the whole school. 他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。2I made a promise that_I_would_make

24、_him_happy. 我保证过我会让他高兴。3We havent yet settled the question how_we_can_raise_enough_money. 怎样才能筹集到足够的钱，这个问题我们还没有解决。4Our teacher gave us the suggestion where_we_should_spend_our_summer_holidays.我们的老师就我们该去哪里度暑假给出了建议。5The question who_should_do_the_work requires consideration. 谁该做这项工作的问题需要考虑。6Many paren

25、ts hold the view that_teenagers_shouldnt_spend_too_much_time online. 很多父母持有这样的观点：青少年不应该花太多时间上网。7Ive just heard a warning on the radio that_a_rainstorm_is_likely_to_come. 我刚从收音机上听说了暴风雨有可能要来的警告。8The question whether_it_is_worth_doing will be discussed at the meeting. 这件事情是否值得做，这个问题将要在会议上被讨论。.用同位语从句合并两

26、个句子1The headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday. We are glad at the news.We_are_glad_at_the_news_that_the_headmaster_will_join_us_in_hiking_this_Sunday.2Where are we going for the holiday? Have you thought about the question?Have_you_thought_about_the_question_where_we_are_going_for_the_holida

27、y?3A new teacher will teach us English next term. The message reached me yesterday.The_message_that_a_new_teacher_will_teach_us_English_next_term_reached_me_yesterday.4How did the accident come about? The driver refused to answer the policemans question.The_driver_refused_to_answer_the_policemans_qu

28、estion_how_the_accident_came_about.5His advice is acceptable. The work should be postponed to next week as a result of lack of tools.His_advice_that_the_work_should_be_postponed_to_next_week_as_a_result_of_lack_of_tools_is_acceptable.6The fact has worried many scientists. The earth is becoming warme

29、r and warmer these years.The_fact_that_the_earth_is_becoming_warmer_and_warmer_these_years_has_worried_many_scientists.语法填空These days a debate about 1.whether we students should make friends online is discussed in our school. And opinions 2.differ (different) from person to person.Those who are in f

30、avour 3.of it hold the view 4.that we should communicate with others online. On the one hand, it is a fact 5.that we single children need more friends to keep away from the 6.loneliness (lonely). On the other hand, no one can deny that making friends online can 7.broaden (broad) our views. However,

31、there are still some people who are against it. They suggest that children concentrate more on their study, for theyre too young 8.to_select (select) good information online.As far as Im 9.concerned (concern), as long as directed in a right way, it will be 10.beneficial (benefit) for us students to make friends online.