2019年英语新同步译林选修十（江苏专用）讲义：UNIT 4 SECTION Ⅳ GRAMMAR .doc

1、Section_Grammar_&_Writing正式文体与非正式文体英语有很多不同的文体，应使用何种英语文体取决于具体情境。最重要的区别是英语的口语形式与书面语形式的不同。而在这其中还有正式文体和非正式文体的区别。正式文体非正式文体书面语散文、报告、申请信函给朋友或家人的信、电子邮件、短信口语正式演说、对陌生人说话与熟人(家人和朋友)的交谈1正式文体(1)在正式文体中，我们经常发现复杂的句子结构，包括被动语态和从句。Ordinary citizens are aware of the frequent computerrelated crimes that have happened sin

2、ce many computer users are affected by computer viruses.句中are affected为被动语态，that have happened是定语从句，since many computer users . viruses是原因状语从句。(2)在正式文体中，我们也会发现较多的抽象名词。There has been an increase in the incidence of crime.(increase, incidence, crime均为抽象名词)2非正式文体(1)在非正式文体中，我们使用简单句结构。People are worried

3、about computer viruses.(2)在非正式文体中，我们使用主动语态。Katie, first you should go to the police station and talk to the detective in charge.(3)在非正式文体中，我们也会见到口语体和缩略形式。Weve heard lots of reports of financial fraud.(Weve属于缩略形式，lots of属于口语体).读下面句子并在括号内标明“书面语”或“口语”1A rich woman was killed last night.(书面语)Someone kil

4、led a rich woman last night.(口语)2Its more tools that we need.(书面语)We need more tools.(口语)3The heavy rain prevented us from starting.(书面语)We could not start because of the heavy rain.(口语).请把下列书面语的句子改为非正式文体，把非正式文体的句子改为书面语1Through the window came in the sweet song.The_sweet_song_came_in_through_the_win

5、dow.2Once there lived a greedy king in Greek.Once_a_greedy_king_lived_in_Greek.3Someone read the question to him.He_had_the_question_read_to_him.4His ambition is to become part of the national team for the next Olympic Games.He_wants_to_become_part_of_the_national_team_for_the_next_Olympic_Games.调查报

6、告随着经济的快速发展，人们的物质生活水平迅速提高，但是社区居民的邻里关系变得越来越冷淡。你班利用寒假时间就邻里关系组织了一次调查。请根据下表的调查结果，用英语写一篇120词左右的调查报告。现象比例不了解邻居爱好的85%不知道邻居姓名的80%没有拜访过邻居的70%出现上述现象的原因你对这种现象的看法With the development of the society, peoples living standard has been greatly improved.But from our survey of the neighborhood relationship, we get a s

7、urprising result.85 percent of the people surveyed have no idea of their neighbors hobbies.80 percent fail to know their neighbors names while 70 percent have never visited their neighbors.The reasons for the phenomenon are varied.Firstly, people now are living so busy a life that they seldom have t

8、ime to visit their neighbors.Secondly, living in high building provides people with an independent space, which to some extent decreases the connection between neighbors.As a result, although people live in the same neighborhood, they seem to be strangers.As we know, good neighborhood can make every

9、one feel happy and live in harmony.Whats more, people in good neighborhood are more likely to help each other, which will benefit all the residents in the same community.第一段：开门见山，点明要反映的社会现象。第二段：交代调查结果。第三段：出现这种现象的原因。第四段：对这种现象的看法。1句分别使用了with the development of, phenomenon, to some extent, in harmony等高

10、级词汇，丰富了文章的语言。2句分别使用了But, Firstly, Secondly, As a result, As we know, Whats more等连接副词，使文章衔接自然。3句使用了过去分词作定语；句使用了so . that . ；句使用了非限制性定语从句。句式灵活多样是本文一大亮点。如何写调查报告一、交代写作内容，增强表达完整性1写调查报告时首先应交代写作目的。调查报告的写作目的往往是为了反映社会现象，以便提出改进措施。2写调查报告时根据写作需要可适当交代采访范围、采访对象、采访人数、采访话题，以增强数据的可信度和结论的权威性。3接着应交代调查结果。交代数据时应根据话题需要重新

11、安排表达顺序。表达数据时应尽可能地使用求同存异的方法反映数据规律，以便清楚地揭示社会现象。4不少调查报告还要求考生在表达完数据后说明它反映的社会问题和产生的原因，并提出改进措施。二、正确把握写作时态，提高语言准确性调查报告的时态表达应以一般现在时为主，也有一些调查报告以时间为顺序。反映数据在时间上的变化应以一般过去时为主，反映现在的数据应以一般现在时为主。三、用好过渡性词汇，增强行文逻辑性调查报告常见的过渡性词汇有：表示对比关系的“but, however, while”；表示递进关系的“whats more/besides”；表示因果关系的“thanks to, as a result (o

12、f), therefore”；表示转折关系的“however, but, yet”；表示并列关系的“for one thing, on one hand”；表示总结的“in a word/in short”；表示情感态度的“to our surprise, to our joy”；表示行文过渡的“as a rule, generally speaking, as we all know”。1I have recently made a survey about . 2In this survey we interviewed . We asked them . 3Here are the re

13、sults: . 4The number of . is almost the same as the number of . 5The chart shows . 6There are . reasons for it.7We should take measures to . 8In my opinion, we should . 9Great changes have taken place in . , now . has taken on a new look.10The survey shows that . 针对目前高三学生压力较大的现状，有人以“Effective Ways t

14、o Release the Stress”为题于上周调查采访了五所学校的800名高三学生。结果，约35%的学生通过锻炼减压，有约45%的学生通过听音乐减压，其他学生到心理咨询室咨询。请你根据调查结果写一份报告，并谈谈自己释放压力的有效方法。注意：1.词数：120左右；2可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3参考词汇：心理咨询室the psychological consulting office_参考范文Effective Ways to Release the StressNowadays more and more senior three students are getting

15、stressed in their study.In order to find out effective ways to release the stress, a survey was made last week in five schools.Altogether 800 students were interviewed, and some interesting results were as follows：About thirtyfive percent of the students let out their stress by doing exercise.They p

16、lay football, for instance.Meanwhile, another fortyfive percent of them release their stress by listening to different kinds of music.Interestingly, the rest twenty percent of them usually get help from the school psychological consulting office.When Im stressed, I usually do lots of weight lifting to get myself tired.Then Ill have a good sleep.In this way, Ill feel relaxed and forget all about my worries.