2020学年译林版高考英语考点梳理M3考点梳理.doc

1、英语教（学）案授课类型T：M3知识梳理T-知识梳理授课日期及时段教学内容M3知识点整理1、各类薪水的用法与区别1）salary是指非体力劳动者所得到的“工资、薪水”，通常按月.eg. How much salary does a teacher earn? 2）wage指简单劳动或体力劳动者所得的“工资、工钱”，通常按周、日等短期计算发给，通常以复数形式出现，表示“周薪”eg：There are extra benefits for people on low wages.3）pay指不论工作性质如何，针对劳动所支付的报酬，是普通用语。它包含salary和wage（s），为不可数名词。eg.H

2、e doesnt like the job, but the pay is good.4） . reward是奖赏性质的奖励金，或报答性质的补偿金。5）. bonus译为奖金，不是工资。Eg.We got a big bonus at the end of the year.6）. income意思是“收入”，不强调途径，只要是得到的钱都可以称为收入。Eg.Tourism is a major source of income for the area.annual income年薪7） . earnings多指通过劳动或投资等手段所得到的收入。income与earnings含义很相近，但前者

3、强调总收入8）. revenue一般指税收收入，财政收入，会计中指主营业务收入，出现在利润表中（income statement)，一般扣除各种折扣、和销售退回的，income可以等同用；无需细分，知道为工资的各种表达2、be aware of. 意识到.aware adj.有意识的，察觉到的Eg.Smokers are wellawareof the dangers to their ownhealth.吸烟的人都知道吸烟对自身健康的危害。awareness n.意识【反义词】unaware adj.无意识的be unaware of. 没有意识到.make sb aware of 使某人意

4、识到【同义短语】be conscious of3、announce /declare /claim 辨析announce的意思是“通知，宣布(结果，决定等)”;declare的意思是“宣布(公告，法律等)，声明”;claim意为“声称，要求得到，认领”。例：She announced that the singer would give one extra song.她宣布歌手将再加唱一首歌。The United States and China had declared their normalization of diplomatic relations.中美双方宣布了双边外交关系的正常化

5、。They declared martial law in the mining communities.他们宣布对矿区实行军事管制。4、fortune n. C大笔的钱，财富；U运气，好运(1) make a fortune 发财 try ones fortune 碰碰运气 have good/bad fortune 运气好/不好 seek ones fortune 寻出路 tell (sb.) ones fortune (给某人)算命 have the fortune to do sth. 有幸做某事(2) fortunate adj. 幸运的 be fortune to do sth.

6、幸运地做某事(3) fortunately adv. 幸运地 unfortunately adv. 不幸地E.g. Some days later, I was told that a guy who was working with us that day, “could probably have made a fortune selling the necklace he found.”(高考四川卷完形) 几天后，有人告诉我那天与我们一起工作的一个小伙子本可卖掉他捡到的项链赚一笔钱。 The lady paid $5 to have her fortune told. 这位妇女花了5美元

7、找了人算命。He was fortunate enough to make a fortune by lottery. 他很幸运买彩票发了财。演练A用fortune的适当形式填空They are going to try their_ once more. _ , we have some bad news for you.We are _ to have such a knowledgeable teacher.B根据汉语提示，完成下面小语段In the 1980s, he went to the south _ (碰运气). But he _ (运气不佳) and _ (没有发财). _(

8、幸运的是), he _ (在那里发财) as a writer.C：单项填空(全国卷) The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _ .Ais made Bwould makeCwas to be made Dhad made5、march n. 1) 行进，前进，行军The long march stiffened me.长时间的行军使我感到肢体僵直。2) 示威游行，抗议游行There was a big civil rights march through the center of

9、 Birmingham yesterday.昨天在伯明翰市中心举行了一次大规模的民权示威游行。3) 进行曲Soldiers like military marches.战士们喜欢军队进行曲。4) 进步，进展，发展It is easy to feel trampled by the relentless march of technology.随着科技发展的日新月异，人们容易感到无所适从。v.1)（使）行军，前进 I,TThe soldiers are marching well today.今天士兵们列队行进很整齐。2) 示威游行，抗议游行 IDemonstrators marched thr

10、ough the street.示威者的队伍穿过了街道。3) 走，行走；迫使同行，强迫一起走 I,THe marched into the kitchen without knocking.他没敲门就闯进了厨房。含有march的常见短语dead march 哀乐,送葬曲march on 逼近,向前进,朝前进wedding march 婚礼进行曲6、以ex开头的单词总结expexpectkspektv.预期；期待；盼望expensivekspensvadj.昂贵的；高价的experienceksprinsn.经验；经历v.经历；体验；感受experteksptn.专家；能手adj.熟练的；内行的

11、explainksplenv.说明；解释explorekspl(r)v.探测；探险；考察；探究explorerksplr(r)n.探测者；探险者expresskspresn.快车；快递；专使adj.明确的；急速的；直接的adv.用快递vt.表达；表示；挤压出；快递exportksptn.输出；出口；输出品；输出存储器的信息v.输出；出口expandkspndv.使 . 膨胀；详述；扩张；增加；张开expendkspendvt.花费；消耗expensekspensn.费用；花费；代价expirekspa(r)vi.终止；期满；失效；呼气；断气expiredadj.到期的动词expire的过去式和

12、过去分词形式.expressionksprenn.表情；表示；表达；词句；措辞；表现；挤压explicitlyksplstliadv.明白地；明确地exposekspzvt.揭露；使曝光；使面临；使暴露 ik exceptksept.除了 . 之外exceptionksepnn.例外；不合规则；反对；律异议exchangekstendv.交换；兑换n.交换；交易所；兑换；交战excitedksatdadj.感到兴奋的；激动的extentkstentn. 广度； 宽度； 范围； 程度excelkselvt.优于；超过vi.胜出exclusiveksklusvadj.排外的；独占的；唯一的；完整的

13、；奢华的n.独家新闻；独权extendkstendv.延伸；延长；伸展；扩展；提供；使竭尽全力7.表示“除了以外”的介词 besides, except, except for, but, apart from 等。1) besides 表示“除 以外，（还，也）”，相当于 in addition to. 例如:Besides English, they also study math, physics and chemistry除了英语以外，他们还学习数学，物理和化学。注意: 不要将besides和beside 混淆。beside是“在旁边”的意思。2) except 表示“除外，（其余都）

14、”，常与all，every，no, none, nothing 等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。except 是英语中少数用法最为活跃的介词之一, 其后除了可跟名（代）词外， 还可跟另一介词短语、动词不定式短语或 that 引导的从句 。例如:He answered all the questions except the last one.除了最后一个问题外，所有的问题他都回答了。I went nowhere except to the library. 除了图书馆以外，我哪儿都没有去。【试比较】We all went except him. 除了他（没去）以外,我们都去了。Three o

15、thers also went besides him. 除了他（去了）以外， 还去了三个人。【注】except 与 except for区别except 所跟的词常常是同类的，是指整体除去一部份;except for 所跟的词往往不是同类的，是指整体中除去 一个细节。例如:Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.除了几处拼写错误以外， 你的作文写得很好。Except for an old lady, the bus was empty. 除了有一个老太太以外， 这辆公共汽车是空的。3) apart from 表示

16、“除 之外”。根据上、下文的不同，它既可用作 besides, 也可用作 except 和 except for。例如:Apart from them, I had no one to talk to. （= except）除了他们以外， 我没有人说话。Apart from other considerations, time is also a factor. (=besides）除了别的考虑之外，时间也是一个因素。(It is) Good work apart from a few slight faults. (= except for）除了几个小毛病以外，这是一篇佳作。4) aside

17、 from“ 除之外(还有）” 或 “离开” (强调动作)Aside from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.除了有趣与运动外，游泳还是个很有用的技能。She drove aside from the main road.她驶离了主干道。5). as well as 除之外；也；和一样；不但而且。He can sing as well as dance . 他能歌善舞。She as well as you is an English teacher （as well as 连接的词作主语时谓语动词是就远

18、原则）她像你一样也是英文教师。He speaks Spanish as well as English他说西班牙语像说英语一样好。She called on you as well as me 她不但拜访了我，也拜访了你。8. 高中阶段常见带介词的to短语归纳be related to 与有关系 be addicted to 沉溺于对上瘾be opposed to 反对devote oneself to献身于；专心于be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于 be admitted to 被录取；准进入 be reduced to 沦为reduceto使沦为be attached to附属于；

19、喜欢；依恋 be adjusted to 适应be sentenced to被判处be connected to 和连在一起 be exposed to 暴露于；遭受 be compared to 被比喻成 compare to把比作 be/become/ get accustomed to/accustomed to 惯于；有习惯 be used tobe engaged to 与订婚 get down to 着手做lead to 导致give rise to 引起 object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成 stick to 坚持attend to 专心；注意；照料； see to(it) 负

20、责；注意 contribute to对作贡献；有助于make contributions to对作贡献 apply oneself to 致力于 come close to几乎；将近turn to转向；求助于belong to 属于 respond to 回答；对作出回应 amount to等于refer to 谈到；参考；查阅 turn a blind eye to对视而不见turn a deaf ear to 对充耳不闻show honour to向表示敬意 put an end to(bring to an end) 结束 date back to 追溯到 be senior to 年龄

21、长于 be junior to年龄小于 be equal to 和相等 be particular to 所特有的 （比较：be particular about 对过于讲究；挑剔） be familiar to 为 熟悉 be similar to 和相似 due to 由于；归因于 be due to do sth.预定要做某事The sports meeting,which was originally due to be held last Saturday ,was finally put off because of the heavy rain. as to 关于；至于 in/w

22、ith regard to 关于in/with relation to 关于；就而论 专项练习：1. The engine of the plane was out of order and the thunderstorm _ the helplessness of the pilot in the sky. A. added to B. made up C.led to D. took over2. -What a large and bright room! Is it a classroom? -No. It _ the students readingroom. A. refers

23、to B. stands for C. is meant for D. makes up of3. It was foolish of him to _ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished. A. stick to B. refer to C. keep to D. point to4.Eating too much fat can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressure. A. result from B. devote to C. a

24、ttend to D. contribute toKeys: 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D9“忙于做某事的表达”busy (in)doing sth. be busy with sth. focus on sth. be occupied with sth be engaged in sth. be employed in doing sth10. be composed of 、consist of、be made up of 三者的区别然后给你3个例子就可以看出来了：The party is composed of 100 people.The party consists of

25、 100 people.The party is made up of 100 people.这三个句子都是相等的,意思是“这个党派由100人组成”所以其实很好区分的吧,一般就是be composed of =be made up of ,然后这个be跟着前面的名词变化,而consist of也等于这两者,唯一的区别就是consist直接跟着前面的名词变化,比如单复数,过去时现在时等等 11.concern的相关用法1）例题：All_will be present at the conference. A parties concerned B concerned parties C part

26、ies concerning D concerning parties 答案：A说明：xxx concerned 是固定用法，意思是：有关的。，concerned必须后置使用，作定语修饰前面的名词2） concern英kns:n 现在分词：concerning；过去式：concerned；第三人称单数：concernsvt.涉及，关系到；使关心，使担忧；参与n.关心；关系，有关；顾虑；3） concerned kns:nd adj. 有关的；关心的v. 关心（concern的过去时和过去分词）；与有关4）词组：（1）be concerned about / that. “关心；担心”。如：Im

27、 concerned that they may have got lost. 我担心他们可能迷路了。（2）have a concern in / with. “与有利害关系”。如：I have no concern with that company.我与那家公司没什么关系1、作“关心讲的时候，通常要用反身代词；concern oneself about2、作惦记”或者“焦虑”讲的时候，多半用与被动语态；we are all concerned for their safety!3、作相干，关联“讲的时候，多半不用于人称结构；this doesnt concern you !另外，一些与co

28、ncern有关的词组：as far as. be concerned 关于；至于；就.而言so far as. be concerned 关于；至于；就.而言be concerned over sth. 为某事忧虑be concerned at sth. 为某事忧虑be concerned in sth. 和某事有牵连everyday concerns 日常事务feel concern about 忧虑，挂念give oneself no concern (about) 不关切，对.冷淡have a concern in 和.有利害关系have no concern for 毫不关心have

29、no concern with 和.毫无关系it is no concern of mine 这不关我你的事it is no concern of yours 这不关我你的事(its none of business)12.distinguish与discriminate的用法：1）distinguish “区分”、“辨别”，指从很相似的事物中认清某事物的特征，从而与 其他事物区别开来。常用结构：distinguish from distinguish between The twins are so alike that you cannot easily distinguish the o

30、ne from the other.这对双胞胎太相似了,你根本分不清谁是谁。In some cases, consumers are not able to distinguish the good products from the bad ones.有些情况下,消费者是分辨不出优质产品的与坏产品的。2）discriminate “区分”、“辨别”，指通过仔细辨认区分出事物的细微的不同之处，区分难度大于differentiate。Sometimes only experts can discriminate counterfeit bills from quinine money. 有时只有

31、专家才能辨认假钞和真币。It is difficult to discriminate the subtle difference between the two aviation. 很难辨别这两种变异的细微的区别。13. pay的相关短语 pay a compliment to 称赞pay attention to 注意，关心pay away 付掉pay back 偿还pay by installments 分期付款pay cash 付现金pay cheque 工资支票pay for 偿付pay in advance 预付pay off 还清pay on delivery 货到付款pay t

32、he bill 付款pay the fiddler 负担费用，自作自受pay the penalty 得报应，受惩罚pay too dear for ones whistle 做得不偿失的事equal pay for equal work 同工同酬14. analyze v.分析;分解;解释;对进行心理分析第三人称单数： analyzes 现在分词： analyzing 过去式： analyzed 过去分词： analyzedWeshouldanalyzethecauseandeffectofthisevent.我们应该分析这场事变的因果。Theywilltakethatproblemapar

33、tandanalyzeitingreatdetail他们会认真分析那个问题，指出其症结所在。Agoodaccountantcananalyzeanunprofitableoperationquickly.一名优秀的会计师能迅速分析出亏损的环节。analysis n分析，分解;梗概，要略;数解析;验定复数： analysesHis analysis of the problem showed great perception.他对该问题的分析显示出敏锐的洞察力。We agreed with his acute analysis of the political situation.我们都同意他对

34、政治形势的深刻分析。Close analysis of sales figures showed clear regional variations.对销售额的仔细分析显示出明显的地区差别。15. likely/probably/possible 辨析Itsprobable,notonlypossible这事多半如此，不只是可能。Whatdoyouthinkislikelytohappen?你觉得可能会发生什么事情？Itsquitelikelythatadecisionwillbemadetheendoftheyear. 很可能将要在年底以前做出决定。possible的可能性最小,指客观上有可

35、能，往往含有“希望很小”的意味。probable可能性最大,表示“很可能，十有八九”。likely 表示外表迹象表明的有可能。下面两个句子可充分体现它们可能性大小的区别：Itspossiblebutnotlikely/probablethathellcomeherenextmonth.他下月有可能来这里，但是不是很肯定。likely常用于以下两种结构中：1)sb/sth.islikelytodosth.Heislikelytocome.他可能要来。Itisntlikelytorain.不大像要下雨。2)Itislikely+thatclause:Itislikelythathewillsucc

36、eed.他有可能成功。possible常用于以下结构中：Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.Itispossibleforthetraintobelate.ItispossiblethatItispossiblethatthetrainislate.火车有可能晚点。probable用法：同样不用人做主语。只用于下列句型：Itsprobablethatclause16.与。相关have something to do withbe connected with.be correlated with,have relation toberelatedtoImnotexactly

37、sure whatshedoesthere,butit seemstoberelatedtohumorouspoems.我并不确切地知道她为什么会出现在那些结果中，但似乎与幽默诗歌有关。17. attach加入，参加(党派、团体等)，作的成员；依附于She has attached herself to the company.她已参加那家公司了。He attached himself to us.他和我们作伴。attach sth(to sth) 把.固定,把.附(在.上)attach to sb、sth (使)与.有联系,与.有关联attach great importance to高度重

38、视； 着重于； 认为 . 有重要意义They attach great importance to education.他们十分重视教育。18. contrary与contrastin contrast和on the contrary的区别：in contrast意思是：相比而言，是强调比较，凸出不同的方面on the contrary意思是：相反，强调完全不同例如： In contrast with its surface fleet, Britains submarine force was relatively small.同其水面舰队相比，英国的潜艇部队规模相对较小。 In contr

39、ast with her sister, she is very tall.与姐姐相比, 她个子很高.You think you are clever; on the contrary, I assure that you are very foolish.你自以为很聪明, 相反地, 我确信你很傻。Its no trouble at all; on the contrary, it will be a great pleasure to help you.根本不费事，恰恰相反，非常荣幸能帮到你。19. come along 一起来；进展；出现；发生He came along with us.T

40、he work was coming along quite well.You should be ready to solve any problems that may come along.【拓展】：与come有关的短语 come about发生，产生 come across=run across=run into=run across偶然遇到，碰上 come out 出现，显现，出版，发表 come up 被提出，走上前来 come up with提出，想出 come to oneself苏醒过来 come to an end/a conclusion/a decision 结束/得出

41、结论/做出决定 come into effect/being existence/power 生效/开始存在/开始执政 come to light 被发现，被大家知道 come through 传来，康复 come to 总计，谈到【例题】：1) Is this your necklace, Mary? I _ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.A. came acrossB. dealt with C. looked afterD. went for2) Would you like to _ with us to the fi

42、lm tonight?A. come alongB. come offC. come acrossD. come through【答案】：A A20.hesitate v. 犹豫，踌躇Dont hesitate , seize the first opportunity that comes along!【固定搭配】： Hesitate about/at (doing) sth 关于（做）某事犹豫不决 Hesitate to do sth 做某事犹豫不决【拓展】：hesitation n. 犹豫，踌躇，勉强 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地【例题】：1) He never _

43、to help those in trouble because he was a kind-hearted man.A. handledB. hurriedC. hesitatedD. rotated【答案】：C21.stare at 凝视Dont stare at me like that. Its rude to stare at other people.【辨析】：glimpse, gaze, glare, stare, glanceglimpse一般指看一眼或一瞥（无意识地）gaze指凝视，注视。由于好奇、感叹、感兴趣而长时间目不转睛地看glare指怒目而视，强调怀有敌意或在气愤的情

44、况下看；在强光、刺眼的光下看stare指凝视，盯着看。是指由于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原因而睁大眼睛长时间直接注视，常含有粗鲁、无礼之意glance指看一眼，扫视。指匆忙迅速看一眼 She gazed at it for some time, then added, “You dont need computer at all”. Men in short sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us. She always glanced at her daughters homework and signed it.【例题】：1) The

45、re is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _ at the bight sky.A. to stareB. staringC. staredD. having stared2) I caught a _ of the car before it disappeared around the bend.A. glanceB. glimpseC. glareD. gaze【答案】：B B22. relief n. 减轻；解除；救济品；安慰；I breathed a sigh of

46、relief.This medicine will give you a quick relief.【拓展】1) in relief 鲜明地，如释负重地 much to ones relief/to ones great relief 让某人欣慰的是It is a relief to do sth做某事是令人欣慰的The castle stood out in relief against the blue sky.It was such a relief to hear that she was found safe and well.2) relieve vt. 减轻，解除，缓解relie

47、ve sb. of sth. 替拿重物，帮助减轻负担She longed for something to relieve the tedium of everyday life.她渴望有什么事情能够排解她日常生活中的烦闷。23. get across 穿过（马路、桥等）；使人了解，解释清楚The bridge fell down just after we got across it.I cant get across to him.It took me an hour to get my intention across to her.【拓展】：与get相关的短语get away from

48、 离开，逃离 get back 回来，回家 get down to开始，着手 get sb down 使悲伤，使沮丧 get over 解决，克服，控制 get through用完，通过（考试等），接通电话 get in on sth 参加（活动） get out of 逃避，摆脱（责任、义务） get around 传播，流传，各处走动 get in with sb （尤指为捞好处）和某人成为朋友24.step n. /v. 迈步，脚步声，系列，过程，阶段，台阶He took a step towards the door.We are taking steps to prevent pol

49、lution.【拓展】与step相关的短语fall into step 和（某人）步调一致 step by step adv. 逐步地 step by 走过 first step 第一步，首要步骤 step in 介入，插手干预 take steps 采取措施；采取步骤 in step 步调一致；合拍 step up 提高；增加 step on vt. 踩上；踏上 step forward 走出，向前进；站出来 step into 进入 take the first step 迈出第一步；开一个头 step down 辞职；走下；逐步减低 watch your step 注意脚下；小心台阶；小

50、心行事 step out 走出去；暂时外出 step back 后退，退后25.defend和offend区别1）defend vt. 辩解；辩白；防卫 defend. . . from/against 保卫；使免受之害 defence/defense n. 防御；辩护 in defence of 为了保卫；为辩护Their duty is to defend their country against both domestic and foreign enemies attack. 他们的职责是保卫国家不受国内外敌人的侵害。The high wall was built as a defe

51、nce against intruders. 修建这堵高墙作为屏障以防外人闯入。They are determined to fight to the last _ _ _ the city. 他们决心为保卫城市而战斗到底。 2）offend (offence)vt.触怒；得罪，冒犯；使反感令人不适；vi.犯规，触犯；变形: 过去式：offended过去分词：offended现在分词：offending第三人称单数offendsThere can be little doubt that he willoffendagain.毋庸置疑他还会再犯的。I try tooffendthe least

52、 amount of people possible.我尽量少得罪人。Television censors are cutting out scenes which they claim mayoffend.电视节目审查官正在剪掉他们称有可能会令人反感的一些镜头。26. 厌烦的各种表达：对.感到厌烦，受够了 be fed up with be tired of. be sick of. be bored with.日常生活口语：我受够了用英语怎么说？1)Imsickofit.我受够了。2)Thatdoesit!得了，不干了。3)Icanttakeitanymore.我受不了了！4)Givemeabreak.饶了我吧。5)Ivehadenoughofit.我受够了。