2020学年译林版高考英语考点梳理M5考点梳理.doc

1、英语学案授课类型授课日期及时段教学内容：M5知识点梳理1. betrayvt.1) hand over or show sb./sth. disloyally出卖某人；泄露某事2) show sth. unintentionally; be a sign of 无意中显示出，显露出【搭配】：betray sb./sth. to sb. 向某人出卖某人或泄露某事给某人betray oneself显露出原来面目betray that-clause/wh-clause 泄露, 表明She betrayed his secret to her friends.He had a good disguis

2、e, but he betrayed himself as soon as he spoke.His expression betrayed how happy he really was.【知识拓展】：（派）betrayern. 背叛者；泄密者betrayaln. 背叛；出卖2. admit v.1) allow sb./sth. to enter 允许某人（某物）进入【搭配】admit sb./sth. into/to.允许进入Each ticket admits two people to the party.She has been admitted into the club.2)

3、have room for sb./sth. 可容纳某人（或某物）The room can admit as many as 100 people.3) recognize sth. as true 承认；招人【搭配】admit (to) sth. 承认某事admit (to) doing sth. 承认做了某事admit that 从句 承认.George would never admit to being wrong.The prisoner has admitted his guilt.I admit that you have a point.4) allow the possibi

4、lity of sth. 对某事留有余地The plan does not admit of improvement.【知识拓展】（派）admissionn. 获准进入；入场费admissibleadj. 可容许的；可采纳的admittancen. 获准进入；进入的权利3. keep ones word 信守诺言You can depend on him to keep his word.We always keep our words.【短语连接】：break ones word 说话不算数；食言give ones word作出承诺in other words 换句话说take ones w

5、ord for it 相信某人的话4. absent-mindedadj. 心不在焉的常用的复合形容词有以下种类：1) 形容词+ 名词first-class goods 一流的商品a real-life hero一位真实生活中的英雄2) 形容词+名词+edwarm-hearted animals温血动物cold-blooded animals冷血动物an white-haired man一位白发老人3) 名词+ -ingpeace-loving people热爱和平的人们English-speaking countries 讲英语的国家4) 名词+ 形容词a world-wide exhibi

6、tion一个世界范围的展览5) 名词+ 动词man-made satellites人造卫星6) 数词+名词+形容词a twenty-metre-deep well一口20米深的井an eight-hundred-word article一篇800字的文章7) 副词+过去分词a well-dressed lady一位衣着讲究的女士a low-paid job一份低薪水的工作newly-built bridges新建的大桥5. stand 忍受；经得起stand the test of time经受住时间的考验stand doing/to do sth.容忍做某事I cant stand list

7、ening to songs like that.She couldnt stand to be told what to do.stand sb. doing sth. 容忍某人做某事I cant stand people interrupting me all the time.【知识拓展】：stand by袖手旁观stand for表示；象征Stand up站立；站起来stand out显得突出，显眼，引人注目【辨析】：stand, bear, put up with与tolerate1) stand 多用于口语，指“忍受侮辱、艰难、寒暑、费用”等，多用于疑问句、否定句中，若用在肯定句中

8、则含有“经得住”的意思。She cant stand travelling with her back against the engine.2) bear是普通用语，指“忍受寒冷、饥饿、困难、不幸、损失、无礼、重担”等，常表示主语自己的意志，强调“坚韧”You must bear your loss with patience.3) put up with与tolerate 意义接近，但主要用于口语中，表示“忍受”某种轻微的痛苦或不快，含“将就，不计较”之意。6. blamevt. 责备，谴责1) blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事责备某人He blamed

9、me for my negligence.2) blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事The police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.3) be to blame (for sth.) （对某事）负有责任If anyone is to blame, its me.n. 过失；责备put/lay the blame on使（某人）负.之责He put/laid the blame for his failure in the exam on his teacher.【注意】：be to blame意为

10、“该受谴责，该受责备”，用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Dont always blame your own failure on others. Sometimes you yourself are to blame.【辨析】：blame, scold和criticize1) blame强调某人应对自己不好的行为负责（常与for连用），或把过错归咎于某人（常与on或upon连用），往往含有把自己当作评判人来评判某事，没有用言语来责骂的意思。They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.2) scold, “责骂”，指唠唠叨叨地数落

11、某人，多用于上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的“责骂”Dont scold the child. Its not his fault.3) criticize 强调找出某人或某物的缺点加以批评。The report strongly criticized the government for failing to deal with the problem quickly. 7. We have been best friends since primary school and spend almost every day with each other.【分析】：since在句中是介词，其后接名词、

12、代词或动名词作时间状语。这时，句子应用完成时态。Shes been off work since Tuesday.【知识拓展】：since还有以下用法：1) conj. 因为，既然Since I dont have enough money, I cant buy the car.2) conj. & prep. 从以后；自以来I have lived here since five years ago.It is six years since I came to this city.3) adv. 从那时起，后来He left us two years ago and we havent

13、seen him ever since.【注意】：1) It + be + 一段时间 + since从句，主句中be常用一般时态，也可以用完成时态。It is two years since I came here. = It has been two years since I came here.2) since引导的时间状语从句中，不论用短暂性动词、延续性动词还是状态动词的一般过去时，通常都表示从动作或状态的完成或结束时算起，因此这种since从句应理解为“自从该动作结束以来”。I havent heard from him since he lived/was in Beijing.8

14、. I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quizmust have done 表示对过去事情的肯定性推测，表示否定性的推测用cant/couldnt have done.They must have laughed behind my back!You cant/couldnt have met my grandmother. She died before you were born.【知识拓展】：1) must 表示比较有把握的推测，意为“一定，想必”，还有另外两种用法：a) 对将来情况的推测：must + 动词原形b) 对

15、现在或一般情况的推测：must + be; must + be doing; must + 动词原形。She must be over seventy now.Your mother must be waiting for you at home.2) 含有must 表推测的句子，其反义疑问句应根据去掉must还原成事实陈述句后的句子来确定合适的助动词，不可使用mustnt, cant 等He must be Mr. Li, isnt he?He must be writing a letter when I called him yesterday, wasnt he?He must hav

16、e left his wallet in the bookshop, hasnt he?He must stay at home last night, didnt he?He must have learned 3,000 English words by the end of last term, hadnt he?3) “其它情态动词+ have done”may have done或许已经could have done 本来能够might have done 本来可能should/ought to have done 本来应该would have done 本来打算neednt hav

17、e done 本不需要做.(但却做了)He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.We could have walked there, and it was so near.Your brother has failed the English exam again. You ought to have given him more help.You neednt have wakened me up; I dont have to go to work today.9. Football is very i

18、mportant to me, but so is our friendship.1) “so + be/助动词/情态动词+主语” 结构用于肯定句中，意为“某人或某物也是如此”，表示上述情况也适用于另外的人或物，一般主语不是同一个人或事物。I love making friends, and so does my classmate Jack.2) “neither/nor + be/助动词/情态动词+ 主语”结构用在否定句中I dont like chatting with strangers online. Neither/Nor does Mary.3) “so it is/was wi

19、th + sb./sth.”或“it is/was the same with sb./sth.” 用于前面句中既含有be动词，又含有实意动词或其他动词形式，下句要表示相同情况时。Jack is English but likes Chinese food.So it is with Mike./Its the same with Mike.4) if等连词引导的条件状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来，但主句仍要用一般将来时，因此so引导的主句要用助动词shall或will.If you buy such type of car, so will I.上述情况在否定句中，则用“neither/no

20、r + shall/will + 主语”If you dont go there, neither/nor shall I.5) 上句中有否定派生词，不能看作否定句，下句仍然用so.She was unhappy. So was her mother.6) “so + 主语 + be/助动词/情态动词”表示某人或某物的确如此，主语往往是同一个人或事物。You seem to like coffee.So I do.【注意】：so do I, 倒装语序跟着so,表示“某某也一样”，前后主语不一样。So I do,正常语序跟着so,表示“的却如此”“是这样”，前后主语都一样。10. Since w

21、e argued, he hasnt spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class.even though即使，相当于even if【知识拓展】：含if的连词（词组）小结What if? 要是.如何/怎么办？as if 好像only if如果if only要是.就好了What if she finds out you are telling a lie?If only I had come here yesterday! (if only引导虚拟语气)He speaks Chinese as if he were Chi

22、nese. (as if 也可引导虚拟语气)C. The early bird catches the worm D. Many hands make light work11. Our lines can get very busy, but please keep trying and you will soon get through.get through1) 接通电话I cant get through to him. The line is busy.2) 完成（任务），干完（工作）Can you get through the work in a week?I have got

23、through the book.3) 通过（考试），被采纳We all have got through the final examinations.Do you think the bill will get through?【知识拓展】：look through浏览；把看一遍live through度过，经受住go through经历（苦难等）；经过（阶段等）pass through穿过，经过；经历cut through抄近路穿过；剪断break through突围；突破；冲垮【温馨提示】：get through 作“做完；通过；看完；度过；用完”讲时为及物动词，后面接名词或代词作宾语

24、；当它作“（给）接通电话”讲时，既可作不及物动词，也可作及物动词。A little patient, and Ill get you through.12. absorbvt.1) 吸收；理解；缓冲Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.absorb knowledge吸收知识A well-designed sports shoe should absorb the impact on your feet.2) 使全神贯注；使专心；占去（精力

25、、时间等）This job absorbs all of my time. （be） absorbed in全神贯注于；一心从事于；热衷于The student is absorbed in taking down data.【温馨提示】：absorb作“吸收”讲时，用作及物动词，既可以表示吸收水、热、光等具体无知，也可以表示汲取学问、知识或注意力等抽象概念。13. hesitatevi. 踌躇；犹豫；顾虑He hesitated before he replied.1) hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事I hesitate to tell you the truth.If

26、you need any help, dont hesitate to call us.2) hesitate about/over 对某事犹豫Dont hesitate about that. Do it at once.She hesitated over the choice between the two dresses.【知识拓展】：hesitationn. 犹豫，踌躇without hesitation毫不犹豫地feel some hesitation in accepting invitation14. regardlessadv. 不管，不顾；无论如何But she did n

27、ot give it up regardless.Everythings been done regardless.【辨析】：in spite of 与regardless of1) in spite of = despite意为“尽管，不管”。The plane took off in spite of the bad weather.2) regardless of = without considering or taking note of, 意为“不考虑，不顾”He continued speaking, regardless of my feelings on the matter

28、.15. stupid/foolish/silly/slow/dull1) stupid, “笨的，愚蠢的”，指缺乏思维能力，描述人或其言行是愚蠢的，特别指先天缺乏好的判断力或一般的只能。2) foolish侧重指“人做事、说话不明智，欠考虑，易冲动”3) silly侧重指“人缺乏基本常识或判断力，傻头傻脑，可笑”。4) dull，“迟钝的，愚笨的”，指人的智力低于一般水平，或因缺乏智力训练、过度劳累或健康不佳而导致迟钝、呆滞The child is dull in appearance.5) slow “迟缓的，愚笨的”，较正式用语，指智力低下，无理解、记忆和正确表达能力。She is sl

29、ow at figures.【例题】：1) It is _of your brother to have missed such an opportunity to get a higher education.A. slowB. stupidC. dullD. absurd2) It is dull to go out in the rain if you dont have to.【答案】：B，dull-silly16. in + 名词的词组小结介词in的短语1. in + 名词in action 在行动中，实行 (into action)in advance 预告, 事先，提前in ad

30、dition 另外，此外in all 总共, 总计；总之 in bed 躺在床上in black and white白纸黑字; 印刷的in blossom (树木)开花in brief 简言之in case (后接从句) 假如，以免，万一in common 共同，共有 in comparison (with) 和比较 = by comparison (with)in conclusion 最后，总之in condition 健康状况好 (out of condition健康状况不好)in consequence 因此，结果in contrast (with) 和.成对照 = by contra

31、st (with)in danger 处在危险状态 in debt 欠债in demand 有需要, 销路好in depth 深入地in despair 绝望in detail 逐一处理；逐一地; 详细地in details 详细地in difficulties 处境困难in dispute 在争论中, 未决的; 有争议的in doubt 有疑问，不确定in essence 本质上, 大体上in existence 存在in fact 事实上，实际上 (= in effect = in truth = in reality)in fashion 流行; 时兴in flower 开花in for

32、ce有效；实施中in full 全部地in future将来in general 通常，大体上in half 成两半in hand 在手头, 在掌握中，在控制中in haste 急速地, 急忙地, 草率地in hospital 住院in itself 本身in life 一生中in line 成一直线，排成一行in love 坠入爱河in luck 走运in nature 本质上in need of 需要，缺少 in order 秩序井然，整齐in order that 为了 in pain 疼痛in part 部分地in person 亲自in part 部分地in particular特别

33、地，尤其，详细地in peace 安静，宁静 in person 亲自, 当面in place 在适当的位置, 适当，得体in practice 在实践中, 实际上in principle 原则上in private 私下里in progress 有进展in public 当众；公开 in question 讨论中的；成问题的；考虑中的 in rags 穿着破衣in return 作为回报in ruins 一片废墟in secret 秘密地，私下地in sequence 按顺序, 按先后次序in shape 处于良好状态in shock 震惊in short 简言之in sight 被看到，看

34、得见in step 同步，合拍；步伐一致 ( out of step 步伐不齐)in stock 有存货; 备有 (out of stock 无存货)in sum 总而言之in surprise惊讶地, 惊奇in tears 流着泪，含泪，哭in theory 理论上in time 及时，来得及in total 总计in trouble 在危险中，垂危in turn反过来; 轮流, 按顺序 (=by turns ) in vain 徒劳的，白费的in view 看得见2. in + 冠词或修饰语 + 名词in a few words 简言之in a flash 瞬息间in a hurry 匆忙

35、，很快地 in a measure 在某种程度上in a mess 乱七八糟, 处境困难in a minute 一会儿in a moment 立刻，马上in a rage 在愤怒中in a sense 从某种意义上说in a tight corner 陷入困境in a tree 在树上in a way 在某种程度上; 就某方面而言in a word 简言之，总之in an odd way 以奇怪的方式，奇怪地in the air 在流行，在传播; 不确定in the day 在白天in the distance 在远处in the distance 在远处in the end 最后，终于 in

36、 the extreme 极其in the first place 起初；首先，第一点in the future 今后，将来in the last place 最后in the least 一点，丝毫in the long run 从长远来看; 最终in the middle 在中间in the near future 在不久将来in the open 公开的in the past 在过去，以往in the same boat 面临同样的不幸处境in the same way 以同样的方式in the secret 参与阴谋in the short run 从短期来看in the sun 在阳

37、光下in the vicinity 在附近in the way 阻碍in any case 无论如何，总之in any event 无论如何，总之in due course及时地, 在适当时in bad condition 处于不良状态in good (bad) condition 处于良好状态in good faith 真诚地in good taste大方, 得体 (反: in bad taste)in high spirits 兴高采烈；起劲；心情欢畅in low spirits士气低沉的in mypersonal sense 依我之见in no case 决不in no time 立刻;

38、 马上in ones favor 对有利 (=to ones advantage)in ones minds eye 在心目中in ones opinion 按某人的看法in other words 换句话说; 换言之in this regard 在这一点上，关于这一点in this sense 从这种意义上来说3. in + n. + ofin advance of 在前面in aid of 帮助in behalf of 为了的利益 (=on behalf of)in case of 以防，万一in celebration of 庆祝in charge of 负责，管理, 指挥，负责照料in

39、 consequence of 由于的缘故in course of 在过程中, 在时, 在进行中in danger of 有的危险in defence (defense) of 保卫，保护，为辩护in excess of 超过, 较.为多in excuse of 作为的借口in face of 面临in favor of 赞同, 有利于; 支持；以为受款人in front of 在前面in honor of 向.表示敬意，为庆祝，为纪念in light of 根据，按照in memory of 纪念, 追念 in need of 需要in pursuit of 为追求in place of 代

40、替in possession of 拥有; 占有，持有in proportion to 与.成比例in praise of 歌颂; 称赞in respect of 关于，就而言in search of 寻找in sight of 看得见inspite of 尽管，虽然; 不管，不顾in support of 支持in terms of 用的字眼，从的观点，就而言; 依据，按照；用措词in that 因为，就在于in vogue 正时兴，在流行in want of 需要in witness of 作为的证明，为作证in view of 鉴于，考虑到4. in + 冠词 + n. + ofin a

41、 position of 设身处地去，能够做到in the case of 就来说；至于in the company of 伴随着; 在的陪伴下in the courage of 有的勇气in the course of 在过程中，在期间in the event of 如果，万一in the eyes of 从的观点来看；在某人看来,在某人眼里 (in ones eyes)in the face of 面对，不顾；纵然in the form of 以形式in the front of 在前面，在前部 in the habit of 习惯于in the hands of (with) 由掌握,

42、控制, 负责in the hope of 怀着的希望，期待in the light of 考虑到, 根据in the name of 以的名义in the nature of 属于.性质in the pride of 在的全盛时期in the order of 大约in the twinkling of an eye 一眨眼, 转眼间in the vicinity of 大约in the view of 按的意思in the wake of 在之后in the way of 关于方面5. in + n. + 其它介词in exchange for 用作为交换in the mood for 有情

43、绪去做, 有心境做in store for 即将发生；即将到来in addition to 除外in close vicinity to 在靠近的地方in contrast to 和比起来in preference to 优先于in reference to 关于 (with reference to)in regard to 关于 (with regard to)in accord with 与一致 (out of ones accord with 同不一致)in accordance with 按照，与一致in agreement with 依照, 根据 (=according to) i

44、n common with 和有共同点in connection with (to) 关于，和有联系in comparison with 和比起来in contrast with (to) 与成对照；与对比in line with 符合; 与一致，按照in touch with 与有接触, 有联系 (out of touch with与没有联系或接触)in tune with 和谐；融洽 (out of tune with 不和谐)17. anxietyn.1) U 挂念；焦虑be in (great) anxiety (非常)担忧wait with anxiety焦急地等待2) C 令人着急

45、的事；烦恼；忧虑As his confidence in his work increased, his anxieties about it diminished.3) U 渴望His anxiety to go was obvious.His anxiety for knowledge deserves our praise.【知识拓展】：anxiousadj.1) 忧虑的；焦虑的Are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone?I was so anxious and couldnt move

46、 at first.be anxious for/about 为忧虑2) 渴望的(be) anxious to do sth.He was anxious to meet you.（be）anxious for sb. to do sth. She was anxious for them all to leave the room.(be) anxious that(should) do sth.He was anxious that they (should) have all they want.【例题】：1) To our _, Geoffreys illness proved not

47、 to be as serious as we had feared.A. anxietyB. reliefC. worryD. care2) The doctors _his health.A. are eager aboutB. are eager forC. anxious aboutD. are anxious about【答案】：BD18. identifyvt. 认出，确认，鉴定，使等同于identify oneself as自报身份，自称identify oneself with 与打成一片identify.with 认为等同于；使与.有关联identificationn. 认出

48、，识别，验明identityn. 同一性，一致She was asked to identify the criminal.She identified herself to the police as the driver of the car.We have always identified the revolutionary struggle of the people all over the world with our own.19. layvt. & vi. 下蛋，产卵；放置，摆放Where did you lay your book?The hen can lay an eg

49、g every day.【辨析】：lay与lie1) lay 意为“下蛋，产卵；搁，放置”，其过去式、过去分词均为laid;现在分词为laying.2) lie的意思不同，其过去式、过去分词也不同，要注意区分：lie 躺，位于：lay-lain-lying说谎：lied-lied-lyingThe cock lied that the egg laid/lying on the table was laid by him.【知识拓展】lay eggs下蛋，下卵lay aside把放在一边；储存（某物）待用lay down放下，躺下；规定，制定lay off暂时解雇lay out陈列，展开lay

50、 the table摆桌子Harry has been laid off for six months.Would you please lay out the map on the ground?She managed to lay aside some money for the trip.【注意】比较表格中各单词的意义及变化形式：动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词中文意思Lielaylainlying躺下；位于LieLiedliedlying说谎layLaidlaidlaying安放；下蛋【例题】：1) He _the foundations of his success _studying

51、 hard.A. lay; withB. laid; onC. lied; throughD. laid; by2) He _on the ground _to me that his hen _two eggs a day.A. lied; laying; had laidB. lay; lying; had laidC. laid; lay; had lainD. lay; lied; has laid【答案】：DB20. The worlds population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.句中six times what it

52、 was in 1800是“倍数+what从句”构成的倍数固定表达法。The car factory can produce 3 times what it did five years ago.【知识拓展】：倍数的其它表达法：1) A is + 倍数 + as + 形容词/副词 + as BA is + 倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than BA is + 倍数 + the + 名词（size/length/height）of B这个房间时那个房间的四倍大This room is four times as big as that one.= This room is three ti

53、mes bigger than that one.= This room is four times the size of that one.2) 主语+ 谓语+by + time(s)Compared with that of last year, our total output has increased by three times.这种句型通常用来表示“增加/减少”等的程度3) 主语+ 谓语 + times + upon/overThe size of the sun is a million times over that of the earth.这种句型通常用来表示“.超过的

54、多少倍”【注意】：1) 在表示两倍时，我们常用twice或doubleHe is double my age.2) 也可用分数、百分数来表示倍数The output is 59 percent higher than that in 1990.3) 倍数 + so/asas 结构中，有时第二个as引导的成分可省略。I earned $ 10,000 last year. And my income this year is twice as much (as last year).【例题】：1) Americans eat _vegetables per person today as the

55、y did in 1910.A. more than twiceB. as twice as many C. twice as manyD. more than twice many2) Our factory produced _tractors in 1988 as the year before.A. as twice manyB. as many twiceC. twice as manyD. twice many as3) The town is _than it was before.A. three times as largeB. larger three timesC. as

56、 large three times D. three times larger4) I want to buy a rope which is _this one.A. twice as longer asB. as twice long asC. twice the length ofD. as twice as5) I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times _.A. as muchB. as manyC. so muchD. so many【答案】：CCDCA21. We may ev

57、en create more jobs and help our country become more developed at the same time.at the same time 同时常用time构成的词组：1. ahead of time提前 2. all the time一直,始终 3. at a time每次，一次 4. at one time曾经；一度 5. at the same time同时；然而，不过 6. at times有时 7. from time to time有时，间或 8. have a good / hard time过得很好 / 处境困难 9. in

58、 ones spare time在业余时间 10. in a short time不久 11. in time及时；迟早 12. keep good time走得准，准时来 13. kill time消磨时间 14. many a time时常，多次 15. on time准时 16. take ones time从容；慢慢来 17. time and time again多次，不断地 18. for the time being暂时22. Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in o

59、rder to save the environment.1) suggest, advise, require, order, demand, insist等表示“建议，要求，命令”的词后的宾语从句中，也常用（should + ）动词原形作谓语。I suggested that John should phone home before he decided to stay late at the library.【知识拓展】：表示“建议，要求，命令”等意义的名词，如suggestion, advice, requirements, order等词，其后的表语从句、同位语从句的谓语常由sho

60、uld + 动词原形构成，should可省略。His suggestion is that we (should) start at once. Their requirement is that our manager (should) meet them.2) 短语cut back on的意思是“削减，缩减”，和cut down on有相同的意思。Try to cut back on foods containing too much fat and sugar.As these new products are not selling well, the members of the b

61、oard have decided to cut down on production.3) in order to 和so as to后接动词原形，用作目的状语，in order to 可置于句首，而so as to则不行。In order to catch the first bust, he got up early.【例题】：1) Well have to think twice before we decide to buy a product an ad _.A. showsB. suggestsC. makesD. praises2) The teacher agreed to

62、the suggestion that the students _two weeks to prepare for the exam.A. giveB. should giveC. be givenD. would be given3) One of the requirement for the fire is that the material _to its burning temperature.A. is heatedB. will be heatedC. would be heatedD. be heated4) What do you suggest?My suggestion

63、 is that Andrew _abroad and he stay here until the project completes.A. sendB. should not sendC. be sentD. not be sent5) _finish the report, John stayed up late into the night.A. so thatB. In order thatC. So as toD. In order to【答案】：BCDDD23. equipment的相关用法equipmentn. 装备；设备（不可数名词）office equipment办公设备a

64、 piece of equipment 一件设备an equipment(X)【注意】：另外，equipment 还有“知识；技艺；才能；特征；资质”之意。equipments （偶尔用复数形式）表示“不同种类的设备”，但不可在其前面加two, some, several 等词。【知识拓展】：equipv. 装备；配备equipwith 用装备equipfor sth. / to do sth. 为了而装备某事物Our school has been given some new equipment.You have the necessary equipment for leadership

65、.Our classroom are equipped with a TV set and a tape recorder.【例题】：1) His contribution to the boys welfare was to _him for the world in which he would live.A. intendB. makeC. equipD. provide2) Our school library is equipped _a lot of new computers.A. withB. forC. onD. about【答案】：CA24. rely on依靠，依赖，信赖

66、，指望We may rely on his promises.【知识拓展】：rely on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事，相信某人会做某事rely on ones doing sth. 指望某人做某事，相信某人会做某事rely on it that 相信， 指望You can rely it on Peter to do what he promises.rely on ones doing sth. 指望某人做某事，相信某人会做某事rely on it that 相信，指望You can rely on Peter to do what he promises.We cant

67、 rely on his coming in time.You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.【知识拓展】：reliableadj. 可信赖的；可依赖的reliancen. 依赖，依靠【例题】：1) You cant _him to do the job properly. He doesnt have any experience.A. rely onB. insist onC. believe onD. rely that2) I _back the money.A. rely on him to payB. rely on hi

68、s payingC. depend on him to payD. all the above【答案】：AD25. assessv.1) 评论，评估Its difficult to assess the effects of these changes.Were trying to assess how well the system works.2) 估算，核定（数量，价值）Damage to the building has been assessed.【搭配】：assess sb./sth. as 某人/某物被评定为；估计某人/某物为These young men were assess

69、ed as either safe or unsafe drivers.【知识拓展】：assessmentn. 评定，评价assessorn. 估价员evaluatev. 评估evaluationn. 评价【例题】：1) Examinations are not the only means of _someones ability.A. guessingB. assessingC. valuingD. praising【答案】：D26. remainlink-v. & vi. 保持，依然，仍然，继续；停留，余留Peter became a judge but his brother rema

70、ined a fisherman.They went, but John remained.Not so much remains to be done.【辨析】：remain 与stay1) 作系动词，意为“保持某一状态”时，两词可互换，后加名词或形容词，以说明主语的性质。2) remain着重指人已离开后或事情变化后，仍继续停留或保持某种状态、关系、动作等。主语可以是人，也可以是物；而stay主语通常是人，指“停留，逗留”。3) 表示“剩下”时，只用remain,不用stay. “剩余的钱”可以表达为the remaining money或the money leftThe boy spe

71、nt the remaining money in buying books.4) 表示“在某处停留”时，只用Stay,不用RemainThat evening he stayed behind in the office to finish some work.【知识拓展】：It remains to be seen .还需要看情况而定remainingadj. 剩余的（作前置定语）remainsn. 剩余物；废墟【例题】：1) The news of our trip must _a secret for a little longer.A. remainB. keepC. leaveD.

72、 stay2) Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. seatedB. seatingC. to seatD. seat3) It is a good plan in theory, but it _to be seen whether it works in practice.A. waitsB. staysC. standsD. remains【答案】：AAD27. expand, enlarge与spread的辨析expandvt. 扩展；扩大expand k

73、nowledge of foreign countriesIn early 1998, China began to adopt policies to expand domestic demand.vi 膨胀；扩大；发展When you heat a metal, it expands.As Helens knowledge and vocabulary expanded, she asked more and more questions.enlargev. 扩大，放大enlarge the wedding photo 放大结婚照spread (spread, spread)vt. & v

74、i.1) 展开；张开spread a cloth (out) on a tablespread (out) ones arms2) 传播；（使）蔓延The new form of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world.spread scientific knowledge3) 延伸；扩张The desert spreads for hundreds of miles.spread a platen. U 传播；（使）蔓延prevent the spread of the disease【温馨提示】：expand

75、指范围、体积的扩大、膨胀、扩张；enlarge指尺寸或空间的扩大；spread 指物体表面或地域上的扩展、传播【例题】：1) We are going to _our house by building another room on to it.A. enlargeB. developC. increaseD. stretch2) The board of the company has decided to _its operation to include all aspects of the clothing business.A. widenB. spreadC. lengthenD

76、. expand【答案】：AD28. intentionn. 打算，计划，意图，目的搭配：have the intention of doing sth. 有做某事的打算have the intention to do sth. 有做某事的打算with the intention of. 以为目的或意图the intention that 的目的或意图【拓展注意】：intendvt. 1) 想要，打算；计划2) 打算使.(成为)，（为.而）准备intend + to do/doing 接不定式比接动名词多些intend sth. to do intend that + 主语+（should）b

77、e/do/be done（从句使用虚拟语气）intend (be intended) + as.打算（使）成为.intend (be intended) + for(为.而)准备【单词积累】：intendv.打算intended adj. 有打算的29. desperate adj. 绝望的；极焦虑的；极严重的The desperate thief shot at the policeman.【知识拓展】：be desperate for很渴望be desperate to do很渴望做.desperatelyadv. 绝望地，不顾一切地desperationn. 不顾一切，批命，绝望【例题】

78、：1) She felt very _when her husband forgot her birthday.A. desperateB. disappointedC. hopelessD. deserted【答案】：B30. adoptvt. 采取，采纳，采用；收养Circumstances will force us finally to adopt this policy.The couple couldnt have children of their own, so they adopted a couple of kids.【知识拓展】：adopt a child/kid 收养小

79、孩adopt a new technique/method采用新科技/方法adopt a new idea采纳新意见adaptv. 适应adapt to使.适应或习惯adapt from根据改写/改编【例题】：The old couple decided to _a boy and a girl though they had three of their own.A. adaptB. bringC. receiveD. adopt【答案】：D31. push ahead with 义无反顾的进行，推进Despite all the difficulties, she pushed ahead

80、 with her plan.Its difficult to push ahead with the policy before the farmers understand it.【知识拓展】：push ahead/forward/on with sth. 毅然推行（计划）push forward继续前进，继续跋涉push over使倒下；推到；推翻push through促成，完成；使通过；使得到批准push up使上升32. advance1) vt. 推进，促进；预付（钱）；提前The company will advance you $200 until your salary i

81、s paid.Our plans are advancing well.2) n. 前进，进步；进展Youd better make a careful plan in advance.His ideas were in advance of his times.The success resulted from the new advances in science.【知识拓展】：in advance在前面；预先；事先in advance of在之前；在前面advancedadj. 在前面的；先进的advancementn. 先进；进步advantagen. 优点；有利条件【例题】：1) A

82、t proper horse races everyone has already studied the form of the horse _.A. behind timeB. in progressC. in advanceD. in time2) _is known to all, China will be an _and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.A. That; advancingB. This; advancedC. As; advancedD. It; advancing3) He asked for _on his sa

83、lary.A. an advanceB. in advanceC. advancedD. on advance【答案】：CCA33. While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.while表示对比（同whereas）, 意为“而，然后”；另外，while(同although) 可表示“虽然，尽管”（一般放在句首）；while还可引

84、导状语从句，表示“当时候”。He is a doctor while I am a teacher.While youre in the post office, can you get me some stamps?While most people use little white lies to make life easier, the majority Americans care about honesty in both public and personal life.【注意】：while从句中要用延续性动词【拓展注意】：after a while 过了一会儿all the w

85、hile一直，始终in a short while一会儿以后once in a while偶尔，间或worth ones while值得的【例题】：1) At school, some students are active _some are shy yet they can be good friends with one another.A. whileB. althoughC. soD. as2) _I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.A. WhileB. OnceC. IfD. U

86、ntil3) Mary made coffee _her guests were finishing their meal.A. so thatB. althoughC. whileD. as if4) _ it is expected that students come to university with the ability to take a good set of notes, this is not always the case.A. WhenB. WhileC. ForD. As【答案】：AACB34. I believe that human cloning is wro

87、ng. If we toy with nature, we will have to deal with the consequences.consequencen. 结果，后果【知识拓展】：in consequence结果，因此in consequence of由于，因为的缘故as a consequence of作为（的）结果The September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States have produced serious consequences.35. arguev.1) 搭配：argue (with sb.) about/on/

88、over sth. （与某人）辩论某事I often argue with my deskmate over some questions.2) 争论；争吵【搭配】：argue for 赞成argue against 反对3) 力劝；极力说服【搭配】：argue sb. into (doing) sth. 极力说服某人（做）某事argue sb. out of (doing) sth. 极力说服某人放弃（做）某事argue that 从句主张We tried to argue him into joining us, but it was in vain.She argued him into

89、 his decision.His friend argued him out of doing such a silly thing.My parents argue that I should go to a normal school.【一言辨异】：People generally quarrel because they cannot argue. 人们通常因为他们不能辩论而争吵。【单词积累】：argumentn. 争论；辩论36. Not everything that is best for nature is good for people.部分否定和全部否定：l 部分否定就是使

90、用否定词not或never等来否定表示全部概念的词（如：all， both，every以及由every合成的不定词，always， whole， entire等）。其意义均为“不都”，“并非都”。需要说明的是：not或never否定这些词时，并非总是放在它们前面，不少时候否定词也可置于这些词之后。All that glisters is not gold. Every man can not be a poet.You can not fool all the people all the time.He is not always so sad. This is not found ever

91、ywhere.Not all bamboo grows tall. Not everybody can do the same.Both methods are not practical. He has not paid the whole money.They are never to be entirely trusted.l 部分否定参照表表示全部概念的词部分否定allnot all （= some）the wholenot the whole （= some）bothnot both （= the one or the other）everynot every （= some）eve

92、rybodynot everybody （= some）everythingnot everything （= something）alwaysnot always （= sometimes）everywherenot everywhere （= somewhere）l 全部否定是指句子使用了表示全部否定的词，这些词都表示绝对没人（事，物，时间，地点等）。比较下面四句话的含义：I know both of them. 他们两个我都认识。I dont know both of them. 他们两个我不都认识。I dont know either of them. 他们两个我一个也不认识。I kn

93、ow neither of them. 他们两个我都不认识。全部否定句例如：There is nobody in the reading-room. None of that money on the table is mine.My ball-pen is nowhere to be seen. Neither of them can sing very well.He has not paid any of the money. He is never here in the morning.l 全部否定参照表：表示全部概念的词全部否定allnone，no one，no 名词the who

94、lenot anybothneither，noteithereverynoneeverybodynobody，noneeverything nothingalwaysnevereverywherenowhere37. urgevt. 催促；力劝；强烈要求；主张1) urge sb. to do sth. urge sb. into doing sth. 力劝某人干某事He urged me to go/into going there, but I refused.He urged Philip to help him.2) urge sth. on sb. 向某人强调某事He urged on us the necessity of patience.3) urge + that sb. (should) do 中从句用的是虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”Alice urged I should apologize to John. 25