2020届高三英语一轮复习阅读理解热门话题特训-新闻报道类WORD版含解析.doc

1、新闻报道类1、Eighty-five-year-old Chinese pharmacologist Tu Youyou became Chinas first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine when it was announced that she was one of three scientists awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in developing effective drugs against

2、parastic diseases. “Tu was honored for developing artemisin(青蒿素),a drug for malaria that has saved millions of lives across the globe, especially in the developing worldthe Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institue disclosed on its website on Monday. “Tu,a Chinese trained pharmacologist and a researcher

3、 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences in Beijing, went to Stockholm, Sweden in December to receive her award,” according to Cao Hongxin,the science andtechnology department head of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She was calm and said she has received lots of co

4、ngratulatory calls, Cao told China Daily on Monday after he telephoned Tu to congratulate her. “Its an overdue(迟来的) honor for Tu and the worlds recognition of traditional Chinese medicine,” he said. “Tus breakthrough in winning the Nobel Prize in a natural science is the pride of the whole nation an

5、d the whole Chinese scientific community,” said Zhou Dejin,the spokesman of the Chinese Academy of Science, Chinas national research body that consists of more than one hundred research institutes, universities and research branches. “The achievement of discovering artemisin was made in the 1970s,bu

6、t it only received international recognition in later years, which suggests that we might have more achievements that have reached the Nobel Prize level but have not been recognized, Zhou said.（1）Why was Tu Youyou awarded the Nobel Prize?A.She made a breakthrough in the Chinese scientific community.

7、B.She came up with a revolutionary theory about medicine.C.She devoted her whole life to medicine research.D.She developed a very effective drug in the 1970s.（2）What do we know about Tu Youyou?A.She secretly accepted the Nobel Prize by herself.B.Shes the second Chinese to win the 2015 Nobel Prize.C.

8、She has an ordinary heart though winning the Nobel Prize.D.She won the 2015 Nobel Prize with three other scientists.（3）What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.China lacks talented scientists like Tu Youyou.B.Tus achievement was recognized by the world a long time ago.C.Chinese scientists should

9、work harder to win more Nobel Prizes.D.More Chinese scientific achievements should be acknowledged.（4）What type of writing does this passage belong to?A.A scientific report.B.An official document.C.A news report.D.A medical record.2、 Its a white Christmas in theUnited Statestoday, with snow falling

10、from Seattle to Maine. Northeast Biting winds with snow swept the Northeast. Earlier, up to 15 inches of snow fell during a snow storm in Maine, while up to one foot fell in New Hampshire. Winds reached 76 mph on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, while up to 61 mph winds tore through Long Island, New York. F

11、alling snow collected on the runways at Bostons Logan International Airport, causing temporary flight delays. The wind was so severe in Pennsylvania and New Jersey that the annual (重演) of George Washington and his soldierscrossing the Delaware River was canceled, the Washington Crossing Historic Par

12、k told ABC News. Midwest Heavy lake effect snow fell in western Michigan. The National Weather Service has issued a wind-chill warning and advisory (公告) from Montana to Michigan. Bitter cold air in the Midwest produced wind chills Monday morning as low as minus 48 degrees in North Dakota and minus 4

13、7 in northern Minnesota. As this bitter cold made its way east overnight, it was expected to move over relatively mild Great Lakes, producing intense lake-effect snow bands capable of producing 2 to 4 inches of snow in an hour. West Coast That storm system moved overnight through the Rockies, bringi

14、ng more snow and the threat of avalanches(雪崩). The National Weather Service has issued an avalanche warning for the Wasatch Range Mountains outside Salt Lake City.（1）Why was the annual reenactment of George Washington and his soldiers crossing the Delaware River canceled?A.Because the river was froz

15、en.B.Because the wind was too strong.C.Because the snow was too thick.D.Because the temperature was too low.（2）Which of the following is the bad weather that has set in according to the passage?A.The avalanches.B.A white Christmas.C.A mess of peoples life.D.Heavy snow, biting wind and chills.（3）What

16、 is the style of the passage?A.Weather report.B.News about the effect of bad weather.C.News about bad weather.D.A bad-weather warning and advisory.3、 LUKLA, NepalQomolangma, known as Mount Everest in the West, once negatively recognized as the “worlds highest junkyard,is set to become cleaner as 30,

17、000 porters(搬运工) have been mobilized(动员)for waste collection and disposal from the mountains southern side. The cleanup drive was launched recently near Lukla Airport, one of the worlds most dangerous airports yet a vital gateway to the worlds highest peak. “Our major task is to keep Everest, which

18、is the pride of the world, clean. This campaign aims to transport 100 tons of nonbumable garbage from the Everest region to Kathmandu in 2018,” Ang Dorje Sherpa, chairman of the Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee said. The SPCC,an environmental conservation organization,has made it mandatory(强制性

19、的) since 2013 that every climber should carry down 8 kilograms of trash, but for trekkers there is no such regulation. Due to this, more than 100 tons of waste gets collected in the region annually. According to Nepalese government statistics, nearly 50,000 domestic and foreign trekkers visit the Qo

20、molangma region annually, while more than 400 mountaineers attempt to scale the peak. The collected waste mostly includes empty beer bottles and cans, oxygen bottles, tom tents and sleeping bags, food bins, and discarded mountaineering and trekking equipment. The trash was collected by local groups

21、in more than a dozen villages while the waste was transported down the mountain in sacks (麻袋)by porters and animals. The cleanup covered settlements from up to 5,000 meters near the base camp,to Lukla Airport located at an altitude of 2,805 meters. On the first day of the campaign, several tons of w

22、aste was sent off to Kathmandu from Lukla on planes belonging to Tara Airlines, one of the leading private airlines in Nepal. The airlines have set an ambitious target of flying out 100 tons of waste from the region in 2018, as a part of its commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals against cl

23、imate change. The companys CEO Umesh Chandra Rai said,“We hope that this campaign will help the local people to maintain a pristine (未受损害的), natural and unspoiled environment so that more trekkers will come from everywhere, making the trekking industry here more sustainable.（1）Whats the first paragr

24、aph mainly about?A.The basic situation of Mount Everest.B.The introduction of the cleanup campaign.C.The unique way to prevent environmental pollution.D.The description of the most dangerous airport in the world.（2）What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.The rule for visitors

25、made by the local travel agencies.B.The cleanup campaign launched by Ang Dorje Sherpa.C.The demand on the climbers made by the SPCC.D.The law for the local people made by the Nepalese government.（3）How does the author indicate that the cleanup campaign is very tough?A.By listing figures.B.By making

26、comparisons.C.By giving some examples.D.By analyzing some causes.（4）Whats Umesh Chandra Rais attitude towards the cleanup campaign?A.Doubtful.B.Curious.C.Enthusiastic.D.Unfavorable.4、 BEIJING (AP)Sandstorms whipping across China shrouded(遮蔽) cities in an unhealthy cloud of sand Monday, with winds ca

27、rrying the pollution outside the mainland as far as Hong Kong and Taiwan. It was the latest sign of the effects of desertification: Overgrazing,deforestation,urban sprawl(无计划地扩展) and drought have expanded deserts in the countrys north and west.The shifting sands have gradually moved onto populated a

28、reas and worsened sandstorms that strike cities, particularly in spring. Winds blowing from the northwest have been sweeping sand across the country since Saturday, affecting Xinjiang in the far west all the way to Beijing in the countrys east. The sand and dust were carried to parts of southern Chi

29、na and even to cities in Taiwan,1,600 miles (2,600 kilometers) away from Inner Mongolia where much of the pollution originated. The sandstorm in Taiwan, an island 100 miles (160 kilometers) away from the mainlands forced people to cover their faces to avoid breathing in the grit(砂砾) that can cause c

30、hest discomfort and respiratory problems even in healthy people.Drivers complained their cars were covered in a layer of black soot in just 10 minutes.In Hong Kong,environmental protection officials said pollution levels were climbing as the sandstorm moved south.Twenty elderly people sought medical

31、 assistance for shortness of breath. Hong Kongs radio RTHK reported. The latest sandstorm was expected to hit South Korea on Tuesday, said Kim Seung-bum of the Korea Meteorological Administration.The sandstorm that raked(掠过) across China over the weekend caused the worst “yellow dust” haze in South

32、Korea since 2005,and authorities issued a rare nationwide dust advisory. Grit from Chinese sandstorms has been found to travel as far as the western United States. Chinas Central Meteorological Station urged people to close doors and windows, and cover their faces with masks or scarves when going ou

33、tside.Sensitive electronic and mechanical equipment should be sealed off, the station said in a warning posted Monday on its Website. State televisions noon newscast showed the tourist city of Hangzhou on the eastern coasts where graceful bridges and waterside pagodas were hidden in a mix of sand an

34、d other pollution. In Beijing, residents and tourists with faces covered scurried along sidewalks to minimize exposure to the pollution. A massive sandstorm hit Beijing in 2006,when winds dumped about 300,000 tons of sand on the capital.（1）We can learn from the text that_.A.the sandstorms were purpo

35、sely made by ChinaB.the writer thinks that China government should be responsible for the pollutionC.the sandstorms badly affected the air in USD.Chinas Central Meteorological Station will be closed（2）The passage tells us that the sandstorms mainly came from _.A.XinjiangB.HangzhouC.BeijingD.Inner Mo

36、ngolia（3）The underlined word “respiratory”(in Para.4) means _.A.breathingB.digestingC.hearingD.walking（4）Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.South Korea seldom issues nationwide dust advisories.B.Taiwan is 1,600 miles from Beijing.C.Sandstorms have hit Beijing more than once.D.In Hong Ko

37、ng some old people need help for shortness of breath caused by sandstorms.5、 Operating the largest private foundation (私人基金会) in history, Bill and Melinda Gates make decisions that influence millions of lives. But they deal with problems very differently. For example, they agreed that too many child

38、ren die needlessly from diarrhoea(腹泻). But when it came to how to prevent it, their opinions were different. While her husband read a lot about vaccines (疫苗) , Melinda Gates had been travelling and visited areas where poor people live in India.When she returned,she said,“I dont know what it is, but

39、theres something in clean water and sanitation (公共卫生).” And Bill said,“ OK,Melinda, I dont even have time to read in that space. Tell me what you know.That conversation led to a new focus on water and sanitation. Since 2006, they have given more than $US200 million toward those efforts.The foundatio

40、ns work is always a part of her familys life,even on holiday. This year,over the spring break,they took their three children to the Amazon in Brazil. There,she spoke about the advantages of a service to allow people to send money by mobile phones, after seeing the success of such a program in Kenya.

41、Melinda believed its a way to help her children “ know what goes on in their backyard,so they understand what its like for kids who dont have enough money to do what they do.”When asked what made her and her husband establish a foundation to help others, she pointed to her family background. Both sh

42、e and her husband came from families who encouraged social services.Melinda has an MBA and degrees in computer science and business from Duke University. She met Bill Gates shortly after going to work at Microsoft. By the time they married in 1994,she had already persuaded him to become active in ph

43、ilanthropy(慈善事业).“We talked about how this wealth will go back to society before we got married,”she said. “ That seems like the right thing to do if youre a rich person. ”（1）At the beginning, Bill Gates wanted to deal withdiarrhoea by_.A.providing clean waterB.developing vaccinesC.offering clean fo

44、odD.improving sanitation（2）We can infer Melinda Gates brought her children to Brazil this year because_.A.she wanted her children to help sick kids inB.razilB.her children wanted to enjoy the spring break abroadC.she wanted her children to value what they haveD.her children hadnt visited Brazil befo

45、re50（3）According to the text,Melinda Gates_.A.operates the foundation on her ownB.visited Kenya to help prevent diarrhoeaC.persuaded Bill Gates to practice philanthropyD.donated $US200 million to help poor people in Brazil（4）What is the best title for the text?A.A rich family that is always ready to

46、 help othersB.How rich people influence others livesC.Children in poor areas need a handD.The largest private foundation6、 While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings inChina such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts,manyexce

47、llent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage. Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu,a 49-year-old Chinese architect,wonthe 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prizewhich is often referred to as the Nobel Prize inarchitectureon February 28.He is the first Chinese citi

48、zen to win this award. Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.Many buildings on the campus are his original creations. The style of the campus is quite di

49、fferent from that of most Chinese universities.Manyvisitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view. Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different a

50、ges.He asked theworkers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls,roofs and corridors.Thiscreation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素). Wangs works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledgeof

51、traditions.Through such a balance,he had created a new type of Chinese architecture,saidTadao Ando,the winner of the1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums.That is onlyevidence that traditions once existed, he said. Many Chinese people have a misun

52、derstanding of traditions.They think tradition meansold things from the past.In fact,tradition also refers to the things that have been developingand that are still being created, he said. Today,many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather thanfocusing on Chinese traditions.Ma

53、ny people tend to talk about traditions without knowingwhat they really are, said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise,the recreation oftraditions would be artificial and empty,he said.（1）Wangs winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are _.A.following t

54、he latest world trendB.getting international recognitionC.working harder than ever beforeD.relying on foreign architects（2）What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A.Its hilly environment.B.Its large size.C.Its unique style.D.Its diverse functions.（3）What made Wangs architectural des

55、ign a success?A.The mixture of different shapes.B.The balance of East and West.C.The use of popular techniques.D.The harmony of old and new.（4）What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A.Spread them to the world.B.Preserve them at museums.C.Teach them in universities.D.Recreate th

56、em in practice.答案1答案：（1）D; （2）C; （3）D; （4）C解析：（1）理解具体信息。根据第二段第一句Tu was honored for developing artemisin (青蒿素),a drug for malaria that has saved millions of lives across the globe.可知,屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖是因为她在20世纪70年代研究出了青蒿素,拯救了全球数百万人的生命,故选D项。（2）理解具体信息。根据第三段第一句She was calm and said she has received lots of congr

57、atulatory calls可知,尽管获得了诺贝尔奖,她还是以平常心对待,故选C项。（3）做出判断推理。最后一段指出,青蒿素在上世纪70年代就研发出来了,但近年才得到国际上的认可,这表明中国有更多的研究成果已经达到了诺贝尔奖的要求,却没有得到认可。由此可知,中国更多的科学成就应该得到承认,应选D项。（4）做出判断推理。第一段为本文的导语,正文中引用了大量的引语,具有明显的新闻体特征,应选C项。2答案：（1）B; （2）D; （3）C解析：（1）理解具体信息。根据文中The wind was so severe in Pennsylvania and New Jersey that the a

58、nnual reenactment(重演) of George Washington and his soldiers crossing the Delaware River was canceled.可知,乔治华盛顿率军穿越特拉华河表演活动被取消是因为宾夕法尼亚和新泽西的风极强,故选B项。（2）理解具体信息。根据文中描述的降雪、风力情况以及minus 48 degrees等气温情况可知,所造成的恶劣天气的情况是大雪、刺骨的寒风和寒冷,故选D项。（3）做出判断推理。从时态上看,文章的主体时态是过去时态,所以不是对天气情况的预报,应排除A项;从内容上看,主要报道了美国圣诞节这一天糟糕的天气情况,

59、并非重点讲坏天气的影响,故选C项。3答案：（1）B; （2）C; （3）A; （4）C解析：（1）主旨大意题.由首段第一句可知,本段主要对“这次清洁活动”进行了介绍,故选B。（2）词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可知,this指代的是The demand on the climbers made by the SPCC,故选 C。（3）推理判断题,在第四、五段作者通过列举数据,详细地介绍了这次清洁活动,形象地说明了这次活动的艰难,故选A。（4）推理判断题。由尾段Umesh Chandra Rai说的话可推知,Umesh Chandra Rai对于这次清洁活动是充满热情的,故选C。4答案：（1）B;

60、 （2）D; （3）A; （4）B解析：（1）细节理解题。从第二段中的句子“Overgrazing, deforestation,urban sprawl(无计划地扩展) and drought have expanded deserts in the countrys north and west.”可知沙尘暴是因为过度放牧、滥伐森林、无计划地扩展城市,这些都是政府行为,故选B。（2）细节理解题。从第三段的句子“The sand and dust were carried.where much of the pollution originated.” 可知沙尘暴是从内蒙古来的,故选D.（3

61、）词义猜测题。从第四段的句子“forced people to cover their faces to avoid breathing in the grit (砂砾)that can cause chest discomfort”可知人们戴面罩是为了不吸入砂砾,防止呼吸问题。 respiratory 和 breathing 意思一致,故选 A。（4）细节理解题。从第三段中的句子“The sand and dust were carried to parts of southern China and even lo cities in Taiwan, 1,600 miles( 2,600

62、kilometers) away from Inner Mongolia”可知台湾离内蒙古1 600英里,不是离北京1 600英里,故选B。5答案：（1）B; （2）C; （3）C; （4）A解析：（1）推理判断题。根据第二段的“they agreed that too many children die needlessly from diarrhoea. While her husband read a lot about vaccines” 可推测, 盖茨企图通过研发疫苗来对抗腹泻。（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第四段的 “Melinda believed its a way to help

63、 her children know what goes on in their backyard,so they understand what its like for kids who dont have enough money to do what they do. ”可知,梅琳达认为让她的孩子看看经济匮乏的孩子们的生活可以让他们更加珍惜自己所拥有的。（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“By the time they married in 1994, she had already persuaded him to become active in philanthropy” 可知

64、 C 项正确。（4）标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是第一段和最后一段可知,盖茨夫妇创办了有史以来最大的私人基金会帮助他人,因为他们认为这是富人应该做的。故A项最能体现本文主旨。6答案：（1）B; （2）C; （3）D; （4）D这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化,获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖普利策奖,这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。（1） 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知,王澍获得2012年普利策奖,而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖,他是第一个获此奖的中国人,故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B项正确。（2） 细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描

65、述可知,它的设计风格独特,与大多数中国大学的校园很不同,许多游客感对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到吃惊,故C正确。（3） 细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者Tadao Ando的评语可知,王澍设计的成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计,并保持两者的和谐,故D正确。（4） 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created可知,传统的研究要与实践相结合,在实践中进行再创造,否则就

66、会是人工的和空的,故D正确。【点睛】根据事实细节,推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,作出一定判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,也可是某几句话,但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据,既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理,也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说,要做到判断有据, 推论有理,忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意,切忌片面思考,得出片面结论。此题的第一小题和第四小题为推理判断题。第1题根据第二段第二句可知Wang Shu 获得2012年普利策奖,相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖,再根据第三句他是第一个获此奖的中国人可知,中国建筑现在得到了国际认可,因得到认可才能获奖。此题的解题关键时根据原文的两个信息句进行的判断,而ACD原文中没有提及。