2019年高考一轮复习高考英语语法综合训练12.doc

1、2019年高考一轮复习语法综合训练（十二）一 语法填空A 篇 【2019届河南省郑州市高三下学期第三次模拟考试】Throughout modem history, perhaps there has never been a scientist as iconic (偶像的) as Stephen Hawking.Whether he 42 (educate) the world with his knowledge of the universe, or making fun of himself in TV shows, it is hard to imagine what the wor

2、ld will be like now Hawking is no longer in.On March 14, 2019, the British physicist passed away in Cambridge. Since then, many people have expressed their condolences (哀悼) on social media, including British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee,43 invented the World Wide Web. “We have lost a great min

3、d and a wonderful spirit,” Berners-Lee wrote.Hawking was an icon for many reasons, but he will be best remembered 44 his work in the field of science.Building on German scientist Albert Einsteins work, Hawking explained his belief that space 45 (start) with the Big Bang, and will end with black hole

4、s.“This complete set of laws can give us the 46 (answer) to questions like How did the universe begin?” Hawking wrote in his 2019 work The Grand Design. “Where is it going and will it have an end? If so, how will it end?”Besides his work in science, he also managed to overcome many difficulties in h

5、is personal life. While 47 (study) at Cambridge University, he was diagnosed with motor neuron (运动神经元) disease at the age of 21. His 48 (ill) left him paralyzed and he was told he only had a short time to live. However, he went on to become one of the 49 (great) minds the world has ever known.“I fel

6、t it was unfair. Why should this happen to me?” he once recalled. “At the time, I thought my life was over and that I would never realize the potential I felt I had. But now, 50 years later, I can be satisfied with my life.”Hawking left behind a great legacy (遗产). His signature book A Brief History

7、of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes,50 (publish) in 1988, became one of the worlds best-selling science publications. And in 2019, UK actor Eddie Redmayne played Hawking in the movie The Theory of Everything, which tells the tale of the physicists life.He may no longer be with us,51 Hawking wi

8、ll continue to inspire the world for generations to come. As he once said himself, “Look up at the stars and not down at your feet!”【解析】 本文为夹叙夹议的文章。文章高度评价了伟大的科学家霍金对人类的伟大贡献及对世界的影响。42考查谓语动词。分析句子可知，根据or后面的“making”可知，本句要用进行时，但由于是讲霍金生前的事，故用过去进行时 was educating 。句意：尽管他是用宇宙知识教育世界，还是在电视节目中取笑自己，很难想象现在没有霍金的世界会

9、是什么样子。43考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子可知，British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee, _2_ invented the World Wide Web.可知，本句中的Berners-Lee后被一个定语从句修饰，而先行词Berners-Lee在从句中作主语，指人要用关系词 who。故填who。44 考查介词。句意：霍金成为人们的偶像 有很多原因的，但他将因为在科学领域的成就被人们铭记。for在此表示因而被记住 。故填for. 45 考查谓语动词。Hawking解释了他相信宇宙是从宇宙大爆炸开始的，并将以黑洞结束。本文是讲述霍金过去的事，故要用一

10、般过去时，因此本小题填started 。46 考查名词复数。根据后面的“(answer) to questions”可知，是许多问题的答案，所以要用复数形式 answers。47考查省略句。分析句子While _6_ (study) at Cambridge University, he was diagnosed with motor neuron (运动神经元) disease可知，本句中的While _6_ (study) at Cambridge University, 是省略句，这是因为主从句主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略而变成非谓语形式。而study的逻辑主语是he，与动词stud

11、y二者是主动关系，故用动词的ing形式 studying。48考查名词辨析。分析句子可知，本句中的形容词ill在句子中作主语，形容词不能作主语，所以要用其名词形式，故填illness 。他的病使他瘫痪了，而且被告知他只有很短的时间49考查最高级。然而，他后来成为世界上最伟大的人物之一。分析句子可知他是最伟大的人物之一，根据前面的one of.，可知要用最高级 greatest。50考查非谓语。时间简史，从大爆炸到黑洞，在1988（被）出版时，成为世界上最畅销的科学出版物之一。分析句子His signature book A Brief History of Time: From the Big

12、 Bang to Black Holes,_9_ (publish) in 1988, became one of the worlds best-selling science publications.可知，本句的主语是spublishe的逻辑主语是前面的His signature book A Brief History of Time，谓语动词是became，而_9_ (publish) in 1988是修饰主语书的，要用非谓语形式。书是被出版的。故填spublished 51考查连词。他也许不再和我们在一起了，但霍金将继续激励世界的一代又一代人。分析句子可知， 前后两句是转折关系，故

13、填but / yet。B篇【2019届黑龙江哈尔滨第三中学高三第二次模拟考试】Young sunflowers face the sun as it rises in the east and follow it across the sky until it sets in the west. Why does this happen? A team of scientists has finally been able to figure 41 how and why young sunflowers move.Older sunflowers always face east. Howe

14、ver, as it 42(turn) out, an internal（内部的）clock helps young sunflowers track the sun so that they can grow better. US biologist Stacey Harmer and her colleagues had it 43 (explain) in a recent paper published in the journal Science on Aug. 5.44 (depend) on the time of day, certain growth genes seem t

15、o work to different degrees on different 45 (side) of young sunflowers stems（茎）. The east side of their stems grows faster during 46 day, causing the stems to 47 (gradual) bend from east to west. The west side grows faster at night, preparing them for the next morning.All this move is highly 48 (ben

16、efit) to sunflowers. The team found that flowers kept away from the sun had leaves 49 were 10 percent smaller on average. According to Harmer, sunflowers which 50 (face) with the sun receive more bees and other insects because they like warm flowers.【解析】文章分析了向日葵为什么总是向着太阳的原因及怎样转动的。41out考查动词短语。figure

17、out想出，断定，是固定短语。此处指科学家们得到了答案，故填out.42turns考查动词。和主语it一致，动词也用第三人称单数，故填turns.43explained考查过去分词。此处是have sth. done的用法，表示“使某事被做”，用过去分词。故填explained.44Depending考查非谓语动词。句中主语growth genes和动词depend是主动关系，此处作状语用动词-ing形式，故填Depending.45sides考查名词。side是可数名词，由different修饰用名词复数，指不同的侧面，故填sides.46the考查冠词。此处特指白天，用定冠词the，故填t

18、he.47gradually考查副词。此处修饰动词bend用副词，指逐渐弯曲，故填gradually.48beneficial考查形容词。此处作系动词be的表语用形容词，be beneficial to “有益于”，故填beneficial.49that/which考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是leaves指物，在定语从句中做主语，故填that/which.50are faced考查时态语态。face作动词时常常使用被动结构，后面接with，强调面对的状态。 be faced with“面对，面临”，和先行词sunflowers一致，故填are faced.C篇【2019届黑龙江哈尔

19、滨师大附中高三第四次模拟考试】China is a big old country and it has a history of more than five thousand years. We are proud of 41 (it) culture and part of the culture even influences the world 42 (great), for example, the thought of Confucius. As Chinese economy develops very fast and plays 43 important role in t

20、he world, more and more 44 (foreign) learn Mandarin (普通话) in Confucius institutions. The Chinese traditional culture can be tested by the time. It unites the whole nation and no matter 45 kind of disaster comes, we will fight together for the countrys future. Today, many young people lose 46 (faith)

21、 in traditional culture and they are crazy 47 the western culture. They follow the western fashion, 48 (think) we are the old style. But someday, they 49 (realize) they are wrong 50 (abandon) traditional culture.【解析】中国是一个古老的大国，有五千多年的历史。我们为自己的文化感到骄傲，文化的一部分甚至对世界产生了巨大的影响。目前很多年轻人崇尚西方的文化，但是总有一天，他们会意识到放弃传

22、统文化是错误的。41考查形容词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，culture是名词，故答案为its。42副词修饰动词。此处influence是动词，副词修饰动词，故答案为greatly。43考查固定搭配。play a role/part in-，在-上扮演角色，此处important以元音音素开头，修饰名词role，故答案为an。44考查名词复数。随着中国经济发展迅速，在世界上发挥着重要作用，越来越多的外国人在孔子学院学习普通话。此处用名词复数，故答案为foreigners。45考查让步状语从句。此处kind（种类），是名词，所以这里是no matter what引导的让步状语从句，答案

23、为what。46考查固定搭配。今天，许多年轻人对传统文化失去了信心。lose faith in对-失去信心，故答案为faith。47考查固定搭配。他们对西方文化疯狂。be crazy about对-疯狂，故答案为about。48考查现在分词。他们遵循西方的时尚，认为我们是旧的风格。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故答案为thinking。49考查时态。但总有一天，他们会意识到放弃传统文化是错误的。根据someday,可知句子用一般将来时态，故答案为will realize。50考查动词不定式。但总有一天，他们会意识到放弃传统文化是错误的。be wrong to do sth.错误地去做某事，故

24、答案为to abandon。【点睛】现在分词作伴随状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别：1.伴随状语的位置是可以在句首或者是句末；其次,它所表示的动作时与谓语同时发生的,只不过谓语动词动作为主要动作,分词动作为次要动作。如：He walked home，singing a song.他唱着歌回家去了.2.结果状语的位置通常只能在句末,表示谓语动作所产生的结果。如：A terrible earthquake happened in China in 2019,causing thousands of deaths.2019年中国发生了一场大地震,造成了上万人死亡。二 短文改错A篇【2019届河南省郑州

25、市高三下学期第三次模拟考试】In the past two years, our school had organized many activities. What impressed me most was an activity calling “Learning to Farm”. In an autumn afternoon, we went to the farm, where we learned to plant potatoes. Having been in the city for such a long time, we are so happy to go to th

26、e countryside. After we got there, we were divided into three groups, we started to work. Some students cut potatoes into pieces, some dug hole, and the others put the pieces of potatoes into the holes, put the earth back and pushed them down hard. We were all busy working as all the work was done.

27、Though we were tired out, we felt pleased on our way back to home.【解析】本文为记叙文。 作者讲述和同学们参加学校组织的一次到农场种土豆的活动体验。1考查谓语动词的时态。时间状语“in the past two years”用于现在完成时，不用过去完成时，故把had改为has 2.考查非谓语。句意：我印象最深的是一个叫“学习农场”的活动。分析句子What impressed me most was an activity calling “Learning to Farm”可知，本句的calling “Learning to F

28、arm”作定语修饰名词 an activity。 an activity “被称为”“Learning to Farm” ，二者是被动关系，要用过去分词作定语。故把calling改为called 3.考查介词。 一个秋天的下午，我们去了一个农场，在那里我们学会了种植土豆。an autumn afternoon一个秋天的下午。在确定的某一天，要用介词on，而in一般用在不确定的某一月、年等。如in July，in 1980等。本句中是“一个秋天的下午”，确定的时间要用on，故In改为On 4.考查冠词。 根据文章内容可知，本句中的农场是第一次提到，而且指的数量：“一”，所以不用the，故把the

29、改为a 5.考查谓语动词的时态。本文主要讲述我们去农场时的事，要用一般过去时，故把are改为were。6.考查连词。到那里后，我们分成三组，然后开始工作。we were divided into three groups, 和we started to work. 是两个句子，必须有连词。分析内容可知，二者是并列的，故在两句之间添加and。7.考查名词的复数。根据内容可知，是挖了好多洞，才可以放入许多土豆片。故把hole改为holes 8.考查代词。挖一些洞，其他人把土豆片放进洞里，后再把土盖回去，并把（土earth培结实）earth为不可数名词，没有复数，故把them改为it.。分析句子可知

30、，them 改为it 9.考查连词辨析。根据文章内容可知，我们一直工作，直到做完所有的工作。Until为“一直到”，as可译为“当.时候；因为”，故把as改为until/till 10.考查固定用法。虽然我们累了，在回家的路上我们感到很高兴。on ones way home，为固定搭配，意为“在.路上”，因为home为副词，前面不加介词to，故要删除to。【点睛】短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性英语试题，它能全面地考查学生对语言的评价与校正能力以及对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力。词法上考查：词的时态、语态、非谓语动词及情态动词的用法等。如第2小题的非谓语中的现在分词、过去分词的

31、误用等。如第1小题误把现在完成时当作过去完成时，第5小题误把一般过去时为一般现在时。名词、代词的数、格。形容词、副词的比较等级。名词的主要考点涉及名词的单复数变化（如第7小题），可数名词和不可数名词混用（如第8小题）等。主谓语一致及其他的一致关系。连词、关系词的使用等。句法上，主要涉及到简单句否定、疑问、倒装、省略、替代等变化。行文逻辑上，主要涉及人物的性别及与之相对应的物主代词、句义的并列与转折、时间的顺序、数量的增减以及因果的倒置等。如第9小题的连词运用不恰当等。特别提示： 在做题时，首先要通读全文，了解文章大意。要整句理解，逐行分析。单独检查全篇的动词、连词、名词、冠词、代词等，这些都是

32、容易出错的地方，也是常考查的知识点。最后记住切忌改动原文的意思，一定要在看懂原文的基础上改错，以保持原意为原则B篇【2019届黑龙江哈尔滨第三中学高三第二次模拟考试】I am the shared bike. Id like to be on the street to serve for people. They can ride me just via a mobile app. But horrible things happen a few days ago. Several people stole some of us with paying their bills on the

33、app but treated us badly. They broke my saddle and even threw my friends everywhere. We felt angry for which those bad guys had done. Thanks to some kindly people, we received careful “treatment”. Now, you help as well as the whole societys attention is what we need most. We are designed to help peo

34、ple who are stuck the heavy traffic. We are neither toy nor private vehicles. Please obey the basic rules.【答案】第一句：the 改为a第二句：去掉for第四句：happen 改为happened第五句：with改为without；but改为and第七句：which改为what第八句：kindly改为kind第九句：you 改为your 第十句：stuck后加in或by第十一句：toy改为toys【解析】本文是共享单车的自述，解释了共享单车受到的不公平待遇，希望人们善待共享单车。1.第一句

35、：the 改为a.考查冠词。bike是可数名词单数，此处表示一辆共享单车，故the 改为a.2.第二句：去掉for.考查动词。句中动词serve是及物动词，后面直接加宾语，不用加介词。故去掉for.3.第四句：happen 改为happened.考查动词时态。根据时间状语a few days ago可知用一般过去时，故happen 改为happened.4.第五句：with改为without.考查介词。此处指有的人不在应用上付款偷走了一些单车，表示没有付款，故with改为without.5. 第五句：but改为and.考查连词。此处指有些人不付款偷走单车，还对我们不好。前后句是并列关系，不是转

36、折。故but改为and.6.第七句：which改为what.考查宾语从句。此处指对那些坏家伙所做的事感到生气，表示做的事用what引导宾语从句，故which改为what.7.第八句：kindly改为kind.考查形容词。此处修饰名词people用形容词，故kindly改为kind.8.第九句：you 改为your.考查物主代词。此处修饰名词help用形容词性物主代词，指你的帮助，故you 改为your.9.第十句：stuck后加in或by.考查介词。此处指被交通堵住，或是在交通阻塞中堵住，故stuck后加in或by.10.第十一句：toy改为toys.考查名词。和句中主语和动词We are一致

37、，名词也用复数。故toy改为toys.C篇【2019届黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中高三第四次模拟考试】Last Sunday, some of my classmate and I took a bicycle trip along the “East Lake Green Road”. It specially built for people to relax ourselves. The scenery along the road was breathtaking, with big trees, fragrant flowers, tall hills and clear lakes in

38、both sides. We stopped by a lake for the rest, where a great many people were playing happily. But something unpleasant caught up our eyes. There was rubbish here or there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles floated on the surface of the lakes. Such a beautiful place was so serious pollute

39、d. What a shame! Therefore* we couldnt help collecting the rubbish after we left.【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。上星期天骑自行车旅游时，发现到处都是垃圾，并且湖里飘着很多塑料袋和塑料瓶，这个美丽的地方严重被污染，离开时情不自禁地收集垃圾。1.考查名词复数。Some of +名词复数，故把classmate改成classmates。2.考查被动语态。它是专门为人们放松自己而建造的。It和build之间是被动关系，且“build”是过去的动作，所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故在it后加was。3.考查反身代词。它是专门

40、为人们放松自己而建造的。此处是“放松他们自己”，故把ourselves改成themselves。4.考查介词。On both sides在两边，故把in改成on。5.考查冠词。我们停在湖边休息一会儿。for a rest休息一会儿，故把the改成a。6.考查固定词组。Catch ones eyes引起某人的注意，故把up去掉。7.考查固定结构。here and there到处，故把or改成and。8.考查现在分词。在湖面上漂浮着许多塑料袋和瓶子。plastic bags and bottles 和float之间是主动关系，所以这里是现在分词做后置定语，故把floated改成floating。9.考查副词。这样一个美丽的地方被严重污染了。副词修饰过去分词，故把serious改成seriously。10.考查连词。因此，当我们离开时或我们离开以前，我们情不自禁地收集垃圾。结合句意，可知把after改成when/before。