2019年高考一轮复习高考英语语法综合训练17.doc

1、2019年高考一轮复习语法综合训练（十七）一 语法填空A 篇 【2019届江西省临川一中高三模拟】“Click!” Thats the sound of safety. Thats the sound of survival. Thats the sound of a seat belt locking in place. Seat belts save lives and thats a fact. Thats why I dont drive anywhere until 41 (I) is on tight. Choosing 42 (wear) your seat belt is li

2、ke choosing between life and death. Imagine you are driving at 100 kilometers per hour or 43 (fast) when somebody ahead of you puts on his or her brakes suddenly. What may happen to you?Someone think that seat belts are 44 (comfortable). Lets just take 45 close look at your choice. You are not weari

3、ng your seat belt, 46 you can slide in and out of your seat easily. That sounds 47 a lot of fun. But you are also more likely to die or suffer serious 48 (injury).Wearing a seat belt does not make you completely safe. You can get killed or 49 (hurt) while wearing your seat belt. But wearing them 50

4、(prove) to be safer than without them. So why not take the safer way?【解析】试题分析：这是一篇说明文。文章讲述系安全带的作用和重要性。41考查代词。上文讲述了安全带的重要性，因此推断句意：这就是为什么直到我们的安全带仅仅系上我们才去某地。mine相当于my seat belt，是名词性物主代词。故填mine。42考查非谓语动词。choose后接不定式，choose to do sth选择做某事。故填to wear。43考查副词比较级。句意：想想你正在以每小时100公里或者更快的速度开车，这时你前面的某人突然踩了刹车。结合句意

5、，用比较级。故填faster。44考查形容词。句意：有人认为安全带是不舒服的。comfortable“舒适的”，其反义词是uncomfortable，表示“不舒适的”，结合语境，故填uncomfortable。45考查冠词。take a look意为“看一看；考虑”，是固定短语，故填a。46考查连词。句意：你不系安全带，因此你可能很容易在座位上滑进滑出。前后文是因果关系。so意为“因此”表示因果关系。故填so。47考查介词。句意：那听起来像是很有趣。sound like意为“听起来像”，故填like。48考查名词。形容词修饰名词，作suffer的宾语，injury“损伤”是可数名词，结合语境用

6、复数，injury的复数形式是injuries。故填injuries。49考查非谓语动词。“get+过去分词”是固定搭配，表示状态的变化和动作的结果。or连接get后的过去分词，hurt的过去分词是hurt。故填hurt。50考查动词的时态。句意：但是带安全带证明是比不带更安全。prove是系动词，表示“证明是”，没有被动式，根据语境可知，句子可以使用一般现在时或现在完成时，且主语是第三人称单数。故填proves/has proved。B篇【2019届江西省南昌市高三第二次模拟考试】Saint Patricks Day is a major holiday in Ireland, but th

7、e rest of the world has influenced its celebration as much as the Irish 42 (they). Most Americans think of Saint Patricks Day as a big party 43 (center) around drinking alcohol. But its 44 (origin) in Ireland were religious, says Mike Cronin, a professor of Irish history with Boston College of Massa

8、chusetts.Saint Patrick lived in Ireland more than 2,000 years ago. He is 45 (wide) considered to have established Christianity in the country. The Church decided to honor him with a holy day. March 17, the date of his death,46 (choose) in the 17lh century.St. Patrick is believed 47 (serve) in Irelan

9、d as a Catholic Bishop (主教). The average Irish person honored March 17 quietly. 48 (attend) church services was the main activity. In fact, most businesses that served alcohol would close in honor 49 the day. In the early 1900s, Irelands government made St. Patricks Day 50 official holiday. By the 1

10、960s, towns across Ireland started celebrating the holiday with parades and music.In Ireland today, St. Patricks Day is a four-day public celebration 51 includes parades, music, food, and games.【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了圣帕特里克节的起源和发展变化。42考查反身代词。句意：但世界上其他地方的人对圣帕特里克节的庆祝方式的影响和爱尔兰人本身对它的影响一样大。该空在句中做the Irish的同位语，故

11、填反身代词。43考查非谓语动词。句意：大部分美国人将圣帕特里克节看作是一个以喝酒为中心活动的大聚会。_2_ (center) around drinking alcohol是定语，修饰a big party。根据句型sth. be centered around(以为中心)，a big party和center之间是被动关系，故该空填过去分词centered做定语。44考查名词。句意：但是它在爱尔兰的起源和宗教有关。its _(origin)在句中做主语，且根据谓语动词were，该空应填名词复数origins。45考查副词。句意：人们普遍认为他在爱尔兰确立了基督教。该空修饰动词consider

12、，修饰动词要用副词，故该空填widely。46考查时态和被动语态。句意：他去世的那一天，3月17日，被选为圣日。该空在句中做谓语，主语March 17和choose之间是被动关系，且该句介绍的是17世纪的事情，故该句要用一般过去时态，综上，该空应填was chosen。47考查固定句型。句意：St. Patrick被认为担任过天主教主教。该题考查sb. be believed to have done sth.句式，该句式意为“某人被认为做了某事”，故该空填to have served。48考查动名词。句意：参加礼拜仪式是主要的活动。_(attend) church services是主语，动

13、名词作主语，故该空填Attending。49考查固定短语。句意：实际上，大部分卖酒的商家那天都会停业来纪念这一天。in honor of意为“为了纪念，为了向表示敬意”，是固定短语，故该空填介词of。50考查冠词。句意：在20世纪早期，爱尔兰政府使得圣帕特里克节成为一个官方的节日。该句考查make+名词+名词(使成为)结构，holiday是可数名词，该处指“一个官方的节日”，故该空填不定冠词。official的发音开头是元音音素，故填an。51考查定语从句。句意：今天，在爱尔兰，圣帕特里克节是一个为期四天的庆祝活动，这些活动包括听音乐，玩游戏等。“_ includes parades, mus

14、ic, food, and games”是定语从句，修饰a four-day celebration，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词that/which引导。C篇【2019届辽宁鞍山一中高三3月份四模考试】A Chinese traditional cough syrup, called Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa, is becoming even 41 (popular) among New Yorkers in this flu season, following a US news report.according to an article published

15、 by the Wall Street Journal last week, Alex Schweder, 42 architect and professor of design at Pratt Institute 43 (suffer) a cough about-ten days, felt better only in 15 minutes after he drank a bottle of Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa, which 44 (recommend) by his girlfriend.Here is a selection of the 45 (comme

16、nt) online:This cough syrup is effective to me. I 46 (use) it whenever I have minor coughing since the flu broke out. It helps sooth the coughing. I like to take a soup spoon full of the syrup in my mouth and let the syrup melt down my food pipe 47 (effort). I take it as much as I need. This is grea

17、t stuff. Mostly its the honey in 48 that helps you talk again, but it tastes delicious too.A Chinese market in New York City where the syrup is sold 49 $7.80. Thats the price of a Chinese pharmacy; 50, the syrup is sold as much as $70 online through third parties, the Wall Street Journal said.【解析】本文

18、主要讲了中国生产的京都念慈庵在纽约也很流行，人们认为这款咳嗽糖浆对治疗咳嗽非常有效。41考查比较级。even修饰比较级，所以填more popular。42考查冠词。泛指“一名建筑师和教授”，且architect首字母发音是元音，所以用不定冠词an。43考查非谓语动词。Alex Schweder与suffer之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填suffering。44考查时态和语态。which _4_ (recommend) by his girlfriend. 作定语，修饰前面的名词Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa，所以which _4_ (recommend) by his girlf

19、riend. 是一个定语从句，关系词指代Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa，“京都念慈庵”和“推荐”之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，其表示过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，综上所述，用一般过去时的被动语态，所以填was recommended。45考查名词。句意为这是网上评论的一个挑选。“网上评论”是复数意义，所以用名词复数，填comments。46考查时态。句意为自从流感爆发以来，我一有轻微的咳嗽，我就使用它。表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，用现在完成进行时，所以填have been using。47考查副词。修饰动词melt down，用副词，所

20、以填effortlessly。48考查代词。这里含有一个强调句结构。句意为正是它里面的蜂蜜，能够帮助你再次说话。表示“它”，所以用it。49考查固定短语。be sold for售价是，是固定短语，所以填for。50考查副词。那是中国药房的价格，然而，在网上通过第三方来购买，这款糖浆的售价是70美元。表示“然而”，所以填however。二 短文改错A篇【2019届江西省临川一中高三模拟】Lu Yonggen, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has donated life savings of 8.8 millions yu

21、an to educational causes. The 87-year-old scientist says his achievements would not have been possible with the Communist Party of China, but that he is willing to make his last contribution to the country.In March, Lu and his wife transferred all the money they saved it in more than 10 bank account

22、s to South China Agricultural University to establish the educational fund sponsoring poverty-stricken students and talented young teachers. Lu herself also works hard in the field of rice genetics, climbing mountains in 2019 at the age of 70 to find wild rice. During the past five years, he fostere

23、d 33 new varieties of rice seeds what are grown on land covering 600,000 hectares.Despite a famous scientist, Lu lives a simply and humble life, using broken furniture dated back to the 1980s in his home.【答案】1. millionsmillion2. withwithout3. butand4. 删掉it5. thean6. herselfhimself7. fostered前加has8.

24、whatthat/which9. simplysimple10. dateddating【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇人物类文章。文章讲述了87岁中科院院士卢永根生活简朴，却捐出了毕生积蓄880万元用于教育。第一处：考查数词。million由具体数字修饰用单数。故将millions改为million。第二处：考查介词。句意：这位身患癌症的87岁科学家说没有中国共产党，就没有他的成就，他愿意为国家做最后的贡献。”此次表示双重否定。故将with改为without。第三处：考查连词。句意：这位身患癌症的87岁科学家说没有中国共产党，就没有他的成就，他愿意为国家做最后的贡献。结合语境可知，上下文是顺承关

25、系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。第四处：考查代词。“they saved”是定语从句，先行词是money，money在从句中作宾语，因此从句中的it是多余的。故去掉saved后的it。第五处：考查冠词。句意：为了建立一个教育基金会赞助贫困学生和有才华的年轻教师。此处泛指“一个教育基金会”，且educational以元音音素开头，去将the改为an。第六处：考查代词。由上文Lu and his wife可知，Lu是一位男性，反身代词用himself。故将herself改为himself。第七处：考查动词的时态。由时间状语“During the past five years”可知，“fo

26、ster”是从过去一直延续到现在的动作，用现在完成时，且主语是第三人称单数，故在fostered前加has。第八处：考查定语从句。“_are grown ”是定语从句，先行词是seeds，从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which，what不能引导定语从句。故将what改为that/which。第九处：考查词性转换。修饰名词用形容词，故将simply改为simple。第十处：考查非谓语动词。date back to“追溯到”，date是不及物动词，无被动式，作定语修饰furniture，用现在分词。故将dated改为dating。B篇【2019届江西省南昌市高三第二次模拟考试】Grea

27、t changes have been taken place in my village. Ten years ago, the small and low houses of my village lie on the north of a lake. The villagers produced many waste. As a result, the lake was serious polluted. To the west of the village was a sandy field, where was the source of much dust.Now the poor

28、 house have been replaced by green trees. However, the sandy field that the villagers used to plough has been covered of fruit trees. On the lake, now clean and clear, the villagers often spend their spare time fish.In word, my village has become a green one.【答案】第一句 删掉been第二句 lie改成lay第三句 many 改成 muc

29、h第四句 serious 改成 seriously第五句 where 改成 which第六句 house 改成 houses第七句 However 改成 Besides/Additionally；of改成with第八句 fish 改成 fishing第九句 In 后面加上 a【解析】这是一篇记叙文。该文介绍了作者的家乡发生的巨大变化。第一处：考查语态。句意：我的村庄发生了巨大的变化。take place意为“发生”，是不及物动词短语，不用于被动语态。故been多余，应去掉。第二处：考查时态。该句时间状语为ten years ago，介绍的是过去的情况，故该句应用一般过去时态，lie改为lay。

30、第三处：考查形容词。waste意为“废物，废品”，是不可数名词，故该词应用much修饰，many修饰可数名词复数形式。第四处：考查副词。句意：这个湖受到严重污染。修饰动词pollute用副词，故将serious改为seriously。第五处：考查定语从句。句意：村子的西边是一片沙地，它是大量尘土的来源。“where was the source of much dust”是非限制性定语从句，修饰a sandy field，引导词在从句中做主语，故要用关系代词which引导该从句。where改为which。第六处：考查名词。house是可数名词，该处指的是村里的房子，应用名词复数形式。故将hou

31、se改为houses。第七处：考查副词。句意：现在，那些破房子已经被绿树取代。此外，村民们原来耕种的沙地已经被果树覆盖。上下文之间是并列关系，不是转折关系，故要将However改为Besides。第八处：考查介词。be covered with意为“被覆盖”，是固定搭配，故将of改为with。第九处：考查固定句式。spend time doing sth.意为“花时间做某事”，是固定句式，故将fish改为fishing。第十处：考查固定短语。in a word意为“总而言之”，是固定短语，故在In和word之间加a。C篇【2019届辽宁鞍山一中高三3月份四模考试】I am glad to he

32、ar of you again. You want to know that everything is going in our school. In shortly, all is improving. In the past, teachers had always kept on explaining the points in class. Our students just listened and took note. But now we often discuss and try to solve the problems raising by the teachers or

33、 ourselves. Before class, we enjoy different kinds of activities instead of doing endless homework. For example, we can read what we are interested in. We can go to the library or surf Internet for various kinds of information. We are now masters of study, but we are happy.【解析】本文作者讲述了自己学校发生的变化，学生们真正

34、成为了学习的主人，作者对这一变化感到非常开心。考查固定短语。我很高兴再次收到你的来信。hear from收到某人来信，是固定短语，所以hear of改成hear from。考查宾语从句。你想知道我们学校每一间事情进展如何。how everything is going in our school.作know的宾语，所以how everything is going in our school. 是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中表示“如何”的意思，所以that改成how。考查固定短语。in short简而言之，总之，是固定短语，所以shortly改成 short。考查时态。由时间状语In the

35、past，可判断出是发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以删除had。考查代词。作句子主语，用主格，所以our改成we。考查固定短语。take notes记笔记；作笔记，是固定短语，所以note改成notes。考查非谓语动词。“问题”和“提出”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语，raising改成raised。考查固定短语。下课之后，我们有多种多样的课外活动，而不是做没完没了的家庭作业。after class下课后，是固定短语，所以before改成after。考查固定短语。surf the Internet上网，是固定短语，所以Internet之前加the。考查连词。现在，我们是学习的主人，所

36、以我们非常开心，故but改成and/so。名师点睛：小题2考查宾语从句。宾语从句是指在复合句中用作宾语的从句。它是众多从句中的一员，在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某一些形容词的宾语。一、学习宾语从句应掌握以下三点：1、that 引导的宾语从句。引导词that ，它本身无词义，不充当句子成分，在口语中可省略，但在正式的场合不可省略。eg.She said ( that ) it was cold yesterday. 她说昨天冷。2、if 或whether引导的宾语从句。从句是一般疑问句时用if 或whether，含义是“是否”。if和whether一般情况下可以互换，但在构成whether

37、or not 句式时只用whether。eg.Could you tell me if /whether there will be a test tomorrow? 你能告诉我明天是否有一次考试吗？3、连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。eg.We dont know how he can get here. 我们不知道他怎么到这的。二、做好这类题应需三个步骤。1、确定引导词。引导词的确定要根据从句的句子类型，如果从句是陈述句，引导词为 that ，如从句是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句，则引导词为if 或whether ，如果从句是特殊疑问句就用它原来的疑问代词或疑问副词作为引导词。2、

38、调整语序。宾语从句的语序都用陈述语序，即正常的主谓语序，如果原句是疑问句改为宾语从句则应调整为陈述句语序。如：I dont know where he is now. 我不知道他现在在哪。3、变换时态。（1）如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句动词时态的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。如：I think they have ever been to Beijing. 我认为他们去过北京。（2）如果主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，那么从句谓语动词的时态一般用相应的过去时。如：She told me that he was born in 1986. 他告诉我说他出生在1986

39、年。（3）动词是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理、自然现象、科学原理、格言等，从句动词的时态不变，仍用一般现在时。如：My father told me that the earth is round when I was young. 当我小的时候爸爸就告诉我地球是圆的。三、特别注意掌握宾语从句的三种类型和解题时的三个步骤，还要注意以下三种特殊情况：1、否定转移。当主句的主语为第一人称，动词是think/believe/expect等时，如果从句是否定句，那么该否定形式通常要转移到主句中。如：I dont think it is going to rain .我认为天不会下雨。上述情况的反

40、意疑问句主要和从句保持一致。如：I dont think he will come back soon, will he? 我想他不会很快就会回来，是吗？2、当do you think 的后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构为“引导词+do you think +陈述句语序”。如：Who do you think Tom is waiting for? 你认为汤姆正在等谁？3、两副面孔。If 和when 既能引导宾语从句，又能连接状语从句，因此遇到这两个词时要分辨清是哪种从句，从而具体情况具体分析。如：I wonder if /when she will come back today. 我想知道她今天是否（何时）回来。