2022年新教材高考英语一轮复习 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION训练（含解析）新人教版必修第三册.doc

1、UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATIONA卷小题夯基练.语境填词1Being able to wait and let go of the desire (渴望) to control each situation is a major key to overcoming anxiety. 2As young people were the forefront of animal protection efforts, an international nonprofit organization launched (发起) a youth section last year to m

2、eet the demands. 3Many university students started making environmentfriendly changes both in school and beyond(在之外) campus. 4A newly designed flying vehicle (车辆) can drive like a normal car along the road, but at the flip of a switch, wings will come out of the car and it will take flight.5Between

3、27 March and 11 April, the cherry trees are expected to bloom, which is a signal(信号) of the coming of spring. 6My mother puts hope on me. Sometimes though she doesnt say it, I can sense her disappointment(失望) if failure comes over and over again.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1(2020全国卷)Understanding her g

4、ood intentions, I eat all the food that is provided(provide) by Mom with appreciation.2(2020天津卷7月)Well, it functions by analysing (analyse) the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves.3(2018全国卷)If you are planning to do exercise regularly(regular), or youre doing it n

5、ow, then listen up!4(天津卷)One day，mentally(mental) exhausted，I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved.5Due to hesitation and limited (limit) knowledge about the loan，many newly enrolling students missed the opportunity to apply.6By now, Change5, the heaviest and largest space

6、craft in the nations lunar probe fleet, has been launched(launch) to collect moon samples in a landmark mission.7So many people around the world are learning or using English, so it is considered as a universal(universe) language.8Students often find that the demands of good argument (argue) help th

7、em to speak more fluently and to gain in selfconfidence.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词)1As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon among race walkers.2That smell is one of them, as the grass responds to an attack, signaling to the surrounding grass

8、 that danger is coming.3Running out of money resulted in the immediate death of the startup.4Can you imagine someone wearing a pair of huge glasses attached to a computer with a thick cable?5The idea is to figure out for each incident who was involved, where it happened and when it might go down.选词填

9、空carry on, on board, in the hope of, so as to, figure out, result in, run out1We went on board and saw people packed shoulder to shoulder on the ship decks.2He devoted all of his time and energy to study in the hope of being admitted to his dream university.3One should learn from past mistakes so as

10、 to avoid falling into the same trap again.4Chinese researchers successfully figured out the genetic structure of the novel coronavirus (新型冠状病毒) in January, 2020.5Looking back, it was my childhood love of fantasy cartoons that resulted in a broader interest in science.完成句子/句型转换/一句多译1尽管筋疲力尽了，他仍然挣扎着站起

11、来，找到一个洞穴保护自己远离危险。(状语从句的省略)Although exhausted, he still struggled to his feet and found a cave to protect himself from danger. 2Members work hard so that they can support each other and not let the team down.Members work hard so as to support each other and not let the team down(用so as to改写)3大自然为我们的祖

12、国提供了丰富的自然宝藏，使之成为我们幸福的家园。Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures and this makes it a happy home for us. (并列句)Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures, making it a happy home for us. (v.ing形式作状语)Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures

13、, which makes it a happy home for us. (定语从句)4人类正在探索太空，希望对宇宙有更多的了解。Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more about the universe(in the hope of doing sth.)Mankind is exploring space, hoping to find out more about the universe. (v.ing作状语)B卷大题提能练.阅读理解A(2021惠州高三第一次调研)Chinas domestically

14、developed Beidou Navigation Satellite System has been widely used in many public sectors and business fields at home and abroad.Beidou has been used in dozens of business and public sector fields in China, including transportation, electric power transmission, fisheries, mining and agriculture.Tens

15、of millions of Beidoubased terminal(终端) devices have been sold and are in use.By the end of 2019, more than 100 million Beidoubased navigation chips, modules and other products had been sold.The system had by then been fixed in nearly 6.6 million taxis, buses and trucks around China as well as more

16、than 70，000 fishing ships across the country.Beidouenabled functions are also used in at least 50，000 agricultural machines and have improved their operational efficiency.More than 70 percent of mobile phones registered in China are capable of utilizing Beidou signals.In the public security field, m

17、ore than 400，000 portable terminals used by the police across the country have Beidouenabled positioning functions.Beidou has also played important roles in security work for highlevel events.Globally, by the end of 2019, Chinese products based on Beidou had been sold to more than 120 foreign countr

18、ies and regions, playing a helpful role in a number of public sector fields.For instance, Beidou has helped Russia improve its electric grid inspections(电网检测), made operations more convenient for unmanned aircraft users in Cambodia, and promoted management efficiency of many warehouses in Thailand.【

19、解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。我国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统已广泛应用于国内外许多公共部门和商业领域，如国内的交通、电力传输、渔业、采矿和农业等商业和公共部门；此外，基于北斗的产品已销往多个国家和国外地区。1Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “utilizing” in paragraph 2?ATransforming. BUsing.CPassing. DStrengthening.B解析：词义猜测题。通读第二段可知，该段主要讲了北斗卫星导航系统在中国的应用。再分析画线词所在句可知，其表示在中国注册的70%以上的手机能使用北

20、斗信号。故B项正确。2What is the main idea of the passage?ABeidou Navigation Satellite Systems navigation is accessible.BBeidou Navigation Satellite Systems positioning services vary in quality.CBeidou Navigation Satellite Systems applications spread around the globe.DBeidou Navigation Satellite Systems opera

21、tional efficiency improves rapidly.C解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句为“Chinas domestically developed Beidou Navigation Satellite System has been widely used in many public sectors and business fields at home and abroad.”，即文章主要介绍了北斗卫星导航系统在国内外的广泛使用，故C项正确。3In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear?A

22、Technology. BEducation.CTravel. DSociety.A解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了我国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统在国内外的广泛使用，据此可以判断，本文最可能摘自报纸的“科技”栏目，故A项正确。B(2021济南高三针对练习)Theyre orange, theyre robots and theyre capable of sailing the high seas without human intervention.On Tuesday the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (N

23、OAA) launched a pair of Saildrones (海洋无人机) in Pacific Northwest waters for the first time.Their summer long sailing journey will stretch from Vancouver Island to California.The Saildrone operators will collect data to help set future fishing seasons.The government wants to see whether seagoing robot

24、s can extend fishery surveys now performed by expensive manned ships.Nora Cohen from NOAA said，“The 23foot long seagoing robots can follow a remotely programmed course for up to a year at a time.And they dont require any fuel.We use wind and solar power to drive the sensors.”He added，“It means that

25、were able to go to places where we dont really want to send people，and go into weather that we really dont want anyone ever to be in, and be able to send measurements back.”The primary mission is to investigate the species and the number of fish in existence and the places where they are.Larry Hufna

26、gle, scientist of NOAA Fisheries in Seattle, said a traditional big NOAA research shipbased survey costs around $ 25，000 per day.By comparison, one Saildrone costs $ 2，500 per day.“It could be a significant saving，” Hufnagle said.“But like anything else, there is a tradeoff in what you get and what

27、you dont get.On the manned ship, we have limited time.It takes a lot of people.We spend a fair amount of money.But there is one thing the Saildrone cant do that humans can：cast a net to catch and positively identify the fish detected below.The Saildrones are going to give us additional data, not rep

28、lacement data.”Nora Cohen said Saildrone, a venture capitalbacked company based in Alameda, California, expects to launch a total of 11 of its seagoing robots to survey different waterbodies for NOAA this year.The Bering and Arctic seas, Coastal California and the Gulf of Mexico will be the location

29、s of additional missions.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了海洋无人机的相关情况。4What is the purpose of collecting fish data?ATo explore the ocean.BTo assist fishing industry.CTo learn the habits of fish.DTo improve fishing skills.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Saildrone operators will collect data to help set future fishing season

30、s.”可知，海洋无人机操作员收集数据的目的是协助渔业。故选B。5What is mainly discussed about the Saildrone in paragraph 3 ?AIts advantages.BIts appearance.CIts power systems. DIts primary mission.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的内容可知，本段主要介绍了海洋无人机遵循远程编程航线的时间长，不需要任何燃料，能进入不想让人进入的地方，能处于不想让人处于的天气中，且能发回测量的结果，以上这些都是它的优势，故选A。6What does the underlined w

31、ord “tradeoff” in paragraph 5 probably mean?ADebate. BReason.CReality. DBalance.D解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前后的内容可知，海洋无人机可以省一大笔开销，但是也有我们人类可以做到而海洋无人机无法做到的事情，即它有利有弊，我们要权衡得失，故D项的意义与画线词意义最接近。7What can be inferred from the text?AThe Saildrone has a promising future.BHufnagle thinks little of the Saildrone.CManned shi

32、ps will be completely replaced.DProduction of seagoing robots is restricted.A解析：推理判断题。综合全文可知，海洋无人机具有使用成本低、遵循远程编程航线的时间长、不需要任何燃料、能进入不想让人进入的地方且能发回测量的结果等优点，能够帮助确定未来的捕鱼季节及进行渔业调查；且在最后一段谈到海洋无人机公司今年预计总共推出11款远洋航行机器人，为美国国家海洋和大气管理局调查不同的水体。由此可推知，海洋无人机有好的前景。故选A。C(2021山东烟台适应性训练)On February 6th, 2020, American ast

33、ronaut Christina Koch arrived back on Earth after 328 days in space. Her time in space is just one of the records set by herself. Thats the longest spaceflight ever made by a woman, and just one of the many things Ms. Koch achieved in space.Ms. Koch took off from Earth for the International Space St

34、ation(ISS) on March 12th, 2019.While in space, she made 5，248 trips around the Earth, travelling 2，237 million kilometers, which is roughly the same as 291 trips to the Moon and back. During her 11 months on the ISS, Ms. Koch took part in six spacewalks, spending over 42 hours in all outside the sta

35、tion. In October of 2019, Ms. Koch led the first ever allfemale spacewalk with Jessica Meir.But for most astronauts, space travel isnt about setting records. Its about doing science. Ms. Koch took part in a wide variety of special experiments, including studying how crystals (晶体) grow in space, how

36、atoms (原子) behave in extreme cold and learning more about growing plants in low gravity. Growing plants in space could be an important way to provide food on future trips. She also tested a new way of separating liquids from gases. This experiment could lead to simple methods of cleaning water and a

37、ir in space, which could be very important for future space travel.Ms. Koch isnt just a scientist and an astronaut. She is also being studied. Shes part of a NASA program studying how astronauts are affected by being in space for long periods of time. Her trip was only 12 days shorter than the Ameri

38、can record set by Scott Kelly in 2016. As they did with Mr. Kelly, NASA scientists are looking carefully at ways Ms. Kochs body has been affected by her time in space. That research is important for the longer space trips NASA hopes to make in the future, such as for a base on the moon or a trip to

39、Mars.【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了美国宇航员科赫女士做了创纪录的太空飞行之后返回了地球，以及她为太空飞行所做出的巨大贡献。8Which of the following is an achievement Ms. Koch has made?AMaking the longest spaceflight by herself.BLeading the first womenonly spacewalk.CCleaning water and air successfully in space.DStaying outside the ISS continuously for

40、42 hours.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In October of 2019, Ms. Koch led the first ever allfemale spacewalk with Jessica Meir.(在2019年10月， 科赫女士与杰西卡梅尔一起开启了第一次只有女性的太空旅行。)”可知，科赫女士开启了第一次只有女性的太空旅行。故选B。9What does the author want to tell us with so many detailed figures in paragraph 2?AKoch made historic breakthroughs i

41、n space.BKoch went through a lifethreatening space trip.CKoch completed admirable tasks in the space travel.DKoch is the most experienced astronaut in NASAC解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Thats the longest spaceflight ever made by a woman, and just one of the many things Ms. Koch achieved in space.”可知，这是有史以来女性进行的最

42、长时间的太空旅行，这只是科赫女士在太空中完成的任务之一。然后在接下来的第二段就用大量的数字列举了她在太空旅行中完成了很多令人敬佩的任务。故选C。10Which statement agrees with the text?AAstronauts are competing to set new records.BKochs team produced their own food in space.CNASA has founded a scientific base on the moon.DKochs research is significant for space exploratio

43、n.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This experiment could lead to simple methods of cleaning water and air in space, which could be very important for future space travel.”可知，科赫女士的实验可以形成一种简单的清洗太空中的水和空气的方法。所以，她的研究对于未来的空间探索具有重要意义。故选D。11What can be the best title for the text?ARecordSetting Astronaut Koch Returns to E

44、arthBUS Astronauts Carried out Experiments in SpaceCSpacewalks Have Successfully Been Done on the ISSDNASA is Studying Astronauts for Longer Space TripsA解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了美国宇航员科赫女士做了创纪录的太空飞行之后返回了地球，以及她为太空飞行所做出的巨大贡献。所以A项最适合作文章标题。故选A。.七选五(2021山东新高考第一次模拟)Travelling with friends can be an absolutely amazi

45、ng experience where you could make lifelong memories or it could end up ruining your friendship.1._Here are some rules you should follow to make sure your next trip with friends goes as smoothly as possible.2._Sure, you and your friends probably have some similar interests, but thats not always the

46、case.In an effort to keep everyone happy, go over travel plans and expectations ahead of time.Have each person categorize activities or sights into “must see”“want to see” and “would go if we have time”Plan accordingly and make sure everyone can see some of their top attractions.Communicate and resp

47、ect each other.Everyone has personal preference when travelling from getting the bed closest to the bathroom to sitting in the airplanes window seat.But sometimes things dont go as you like.In this case, share your requirements directly with your travelling companions.3._Have a conversation when pro

48、blems arise, for communication is the key.Dont disappear.When travelling with a groupor even just one other personyou may want to be alone sometime.Thats completely fine, but make sure your friends know where you are and have a way of contacting you.4._Get off your phone.Of course, your friends will

49、 understand if you need to take a call from a family member, or in the event of a work emergency, but other than that, try to stay off your phone.5._After all, the appeal of this type of trip is to spend time with friends.Just enjoy it!AGive each other some space.BInclude at least one activity for e

50、veryone.CAnd remember that consideration and respect go a long way.DAt the same time, listen to their concerns and be respectful of them.EDont respond to nonurgent work contact or send messages frequently.FIts especially true of travelling in foreign countries or unfamiliar places.GSo its important

51、to make sure you and your friends are on the same page.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了和朋友出行时保持良好关系的技巧至少为每个人都包含一项活动、沟通与尊重对方、不要玩消失和放下手机。1G解析：考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到和朋友出行可能会是一次极其令人惊喜的经历，也可能终结你们的友谊，空后一句表述这里有一些出行时和朋友保持良好关系的窍门，因此空处应表述出行时保持步调一致很重要，因此G项符合语境。2B解析：考查段落主旨句。结合本段中的“Plan accordingly and make sure everyone can see

52、some of their top attractions.”可知，本段主要讲的是旅行计划中要包含一些每个人自己的首选旅游胜地，所以B项适合作本段的主旨句。3D解析：考查上下文衔接。根据本段的主旨句可知，本段主要讲的是沟通与尊重对方。根据空前一句中的“share your requirements directly with your travelling companions”和语境可知，D项与此处匹配。这里表示与旅伴直接诉说要求的同时也要聆听他们的忧虑之处，尊重他们。4F解析：考查上下文衔接。结合本段的主旨句可知，本段主要讲的是不要玩消失。结合空前一句中的“make sure your friends know where you are and have a way of contacting you”和常识可知，F项符合语境。此处表述在外国和陌生的地方尤其要确保朋友知道你在哪里并能联系上你。5E解析：考查上下文衔接。本段主要讲的是放下手机。结合空前一句中的“but other than that，try to stay off your phone”和空后一句可知，E项符合语境。此处讲的是不要回复不紧急的工作联系或者频繁地发信息，尽可能远离手机，毕竟这种旅行的吸引点就是和朋友们在一起。9