初中英语单词讲解之构词法课件（PPT28张）.ppt

1、word formation英语构词法主要有三种：合成、派生与转化。英语构词法种类另外缩写和简写也是构词法的一种。1.合成名词(1)n+n air conditioner 空调 blood pressure 血压income tax 所得税weekend 周末(2)adj+ncentral bank 中央银行fast food 快餐solar system 太阳系remote control 遥控compound(合成法)有两个或更多的词合成一个词。(3)v-ing+另一词washing machine 洗衣机 driving license 驾驶执照flying fish reading r

2、oomsleeping car 卧车walking stick 手杖printing shop 印务馆 reading room 阅读室swimming pool 泳池 dining room 饭厅(4)其他方式by-product 副产editor-in-chief 主编daybreak pain-killer typewriter gentleman afternoon she-wolf 2.合成形容词(1)n+adj snow-white(2)n+ing Chinese-speaking(3)n+to(in/by)+n hand in-hand(4)n+Ved man-made(5)nu

3、meral+n+adj 15-year-old(6)adj+adj light-blue(7)adv+ing good-looking3.合成动词及合成副词water-ski 滑冰overeat 吃得太多baby-sit 看孩子overthrow 翻滚hotfoot 匆忙地however beforehand forever 4.合成代词及合成介词代词宾格+-selfherself物主代词+-selfmyselfadj+n everythingadv+n insidepre.+adj.within2.派生(derivation):是通过在词根上加前缀(prefix)或者后缀(suffix)构成

4、一个新词。happy-unhappydevelop-development前缀(prefix)一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。mis-错误的+understand v.理解-misunderstand v.误解en+large adj.大的-enlarge v.扩大后缀(suffix)一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。care v.照料-careful adj.细心的work v.工作-worker n.工人常见的前缀(1)表示否定的前缀：un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker (常用在n.adj.adv.前)in-inacti

5、ve (常用在adj.后)dis-disagree,disappearim-impolite,impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前)(2).表示错误或失当的前缀:mis-misunderstand,misdirect(误导)(3)表示两个,双边的前缀：bi-bicolor(双色的),bicycle(4)表示相互,交互,在一起的前缀interinterview,international,internet(5)表示又,再,重新的前缀rereview,return,rewrite(6)表示远的前缀tele telephone,television常见的后缀1.动词变名词：-tione

6、ducation,invitation,prediction-mentdevelopment,movement,disappointment-erteacher,worker,runner,singer-or visitor,sailor,tutor,actor名词后缀补充:-ist(人,名词后缀)scientist,terrorist-ese(民族,语言,名词后缀)Chinese,Japanese2.形容词变名词-nesshappiness,meanness,carelessness-ityability,possibility3.名词变形容词：-y windy,rainy,healthy,

7、funny,cloudy-ish foolish,feverish-some handsome,troublesome-ous dangerous,humorous-ful helpful,careful,peaceful,colorful-less homeless,helpless,careless4.动词变形容词-altraditional,international,natural-ed surprised,balanced,talented-ing interesting,outstanding5.名词、形容词变动词：-ifybeautify,simplify-izerealize-

8、enquicken,widen,sharpen3.转化(conversion):是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.water n.水-water vt.浇水常见的转化形式两种：动词-名词名词-动词形容词-动词 动词-名词 stop v.停止-n.车站love v.爱-n.爱watch v.观看-n.手表look v.看-have a look n.看walk v.散步,走-take a walk n.散步love v.爱-your love n.爱 名词-动词hand n.手-vt.上交seat n.座位-vt.坐nurse n.护士-vt.护理oil

9、n.油-vt.上油time n.时间-vt.定时，测时show n.展览,展示vt.表演,演出 形容词-动词slow(adj.慢的)-slow(v.放慢)open(adj.开着的)open(v.开).缩写和简写:缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取:“截头”,“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词.telephone-phone airplaneplanelaboratory-lab mathematics-math advertisementad examination-exam另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.CD(compact disk)CCTV(China Central Television)NBA(National Basketball Association)UFO(unidentified flying object)UN(United Nations)ID(identification)USA(United States of America)