初中英语语法系列---定语从句.ppt

1、Good afternoon!The Attributive ClauseWhich baby is Jack?穿红裤子的baby是Jack。The baby is Jack.The baby is Jack.whose trousers are redwho is wearing red trousersJackWhich house is mine?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy housev什么是定语从句呢？答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。结构：先行词+关系词+句子定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语

2、从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。1.The students(who dont study hard)will not pass先行词定语从句the exam.主句:The students will not pass the exam.2.The woman(who you saw in the park)is our先行词定语从句English teacher.主句:The woman is our English teacher.从句的主语：you从句的宾语：whom3.A shoe shop is a shop(which sells shoes).主

3、句：A shoe shop is a shop.从句的主语:which4.The book(that you want)is on the desk.主句从句的主语:从句的宾语：The book is on the desk.youthat引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that,which,whowhom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。The man(that/who told us a funny story)is in the next room.主语I lost the book(that/which)you gave me).宾语关系代词:

4、1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I nodded to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.3.which 指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year

5、.This recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?4.that 指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine.It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man.I told you about him.He is the man(that)I told you

6、 about.归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1)A plane is a machine _ can fly.2)The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3)The students _ dont study hardwill not pass the exam.4)The woman _ you saw inthe park is our English teacher.which/

7、thatwhich/that/who/thatwhom/that/1.The house _we live in is very old.2.Those are the shoes _ I lost last week.3.That is the man _ found my handbag.4.Lucy cant eat food _ has chocolate in it.5.The car _ my uncle bought last month is very beautiful.which/that which/that who/that which/that which/that6

8、.The village _ Guo Peng lives in is very far away.7.The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.8.I hate people _ talk much but do little.9.The detective found the thieves _ robbed the Bank of Hawaii.10.My aunt works in a university _ has over five thousand students.which/that who/that who/

9、that who/that which/thatFill in the blanks with who,whom,that,or which.1 The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2 We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.3 The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.4 A house _ is

10、 built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.5 Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.6 People _ study earthquakes thinks that there will be another big one soon.which/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwho/whomwhoExercisesv 1.The books_I borrowed from the library was newly

11、published.v 2.The ID card _I lost last week was found in a supermarket.v 3.The newspapers _we have collected will be recycled.v 4.Most of the cars _were stolen have not been found yet.v 5.The students _are visiting the natural museum are very interested in the dinosaurs.thatwhichwhichwhichwhov 6.The

12、 girl _ is taking care of the baby is my aunts baby-sitter.v 7.All the women _ were working in that factory had a day off on Womens Day.v 8.吉姆住的房间看起来很漂亮The room _ looks very nice.9.那就是刚才偷我钱包的那个人That is the man _.10.昨天抢银行的小偷被抓住了The thieves _ were caught.11.He talked happily about the men and books_ i

13、nterested him greatly in the school.(which/that)whowhowhich Jim lives inwho stole my purse just nowwho robbed the bank yesterdaythat以下情况只能用that1 先行词既有指人又有指物2 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，有the only,the very 等修饰时3 先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing等不定代词4 主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时Fill in the blanks:1.The terrib

14、le typhoon killed the people and cattle_ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frightenme.6.Who is the man _ is reading

15、 under the tree?7.My hometown is not the same one _ it usedto be twenty years ago.thatthatthat/that/thatthatthatCorrections:1.The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher.who2.Who is the man you just shook hands with him.3.Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.(where which)4.T

16、his is the best dictionary which I have ever used.(which that)5.The house where we live in is not very large.(where which/that)6.The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up inthe earthquake.1.That book that you want it is on the desk.2.Is this factory that we visited last week?the oneThis factory

17、is the one that we visited last week.3.He is the person for whom you are looking.for4.The person to whom you talked is Lily.The person whom you talked to is Lily.归纳：1.定语从句要避免成分重复2.定语从句要避免漏用先行词3.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.on whi

18、chwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。This is the house where I lived two years ago.in which=关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。Do you know the reason why she was late.for which=“介词关系代词”即“介词which”引导定语从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2)I wil

19、l never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3)I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4)I got home at 7:00 p.m.yesterday,_ most people had had supper.on whichduring whichin whichby whichB.与从句谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid29 US dollars?2)Have you found the book _ I spen

20、t29 US dollars?3)Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4)Have you found the book _ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout whichFill in the blanks.1.I still remember the day _ we spent inthe forest.2.I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.3.The factory _ we will visit is lar

21、ge.4.The factory _ his father works is large.5.Ill never forget the time _ we work on the farm.6.This is the house _ we lived last year.that/whichwhen/on whichthat/whichwhere/in whichwhen/at whichwhere/in which归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.8.The 5 yuan_

22、he bought the book was given by his friend.9.I cant forget the days _ I studied in college.I cant forget the days _ I spent in college.10.The old man always wears his glasses _ _ he cant see anything.11.The key_ she was opening the door broke.12.The library _ we often go on Sundays is not far from o

23、ur school.13.No one knows the reason _ she is leaving so early.14.At last they came to a river _ a new bridge is being built.for whichon whichwithoutwhichwith whichto whichfor whichover whichwhich定语从句：Complete the following sentences:1.Is this the school _ you visited last year?Is this school _ _ yo

24、u visited last year?2.He is one of the students who _ good at maths.He is the only one of the students who _ goodat math.3.The girl _ was always honest lied to me.The girl _ I met lied to me.4.I dont know the time _ she arrived.5.China is no longer the country _ I saw 10years ago.that/whichthe onear

25、eiswhowhomwhenthat/which6.The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from_ you bought last month.The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from the one_ you bought last month.7.Do you still remember the hotel _ welived last summer holiday?Do you still remember the park _we visited last su

26、mmer holiday?8.This is the room _ my grandmother used to lived in.This is the room _ my grandmother used to live.the onethatin whichthat/whichwhich/thatin which1.Ill remember the day _ I spent with my friend.2.Ill remember the day _ I was born.3.Ill remember the day _ is special to me.4.This is the

27、place _is quiet and beautiful.5.This is the place _I like very much.6.This is the place _ I worked for one year.7.Thats the reason _he told us.8.Thats the reason _ he came late for class.用正确的关系词填空。that/which/on which/whenthat/whichthat/whichthat/which/in which/wherethat/which/for which/why1.He is th

28、e very person _ I like.A.it B.which C.this D.thatB.2.This is the first place _ we visited last year.C.which B.what C.that D.whereD.3.Money is not the only thing _ is missing.E.which B.that C.who D.whose4.This is _ I wanted.A.the one B.what C.the one that D.all the above5.A clock is that _ tells us t

29、ime.A.that B.which C.it D.who6.Who is the teacher _ is working in the office?A.who B.that C.whom D.which7.I like things and persons _ are interesting.A.who B.that C.which D.whomDCBDBBBv 在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从句中充当一个成分，因此，要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。2 当先行词指人时，关系代词可用who（做主语，宾语）

30、，that（做主语，宾语），whom（作宾语），whose（作定语）3 当先行词指物时，关系代词可用that（做主语，宾语），which（做主语，宾语）4 在定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词常可省略，但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后只用whom，指物时，介词后只用which。The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.如果介词提前，作宾语的关系代词不能省略v 指物，只用 whichv 指人,只用whomIs this the library from which you borrow books?Is this the library(which

31、)you borrow books from?The man(whom/who)I nodded to is Mr.Li.Fill in the blanks with who,whom,that,or which.1 The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2 We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.3 The house _ they built in 1987 staye

32、d up in the earthquake.4 A house _ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.5 Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.6 People _ study earthquakes thinks that there will be another big one soon.which/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwho/whomwho当先行词指人时，关系代词可用who（做主语，宾语

33、），that（做主语，宾语），whom（作宾语），whose（作定语）Talking about people1 She looked at Jeff who/that was waving his arms.2 Do you know the boy whose parents are on holiday?3 Is this the boy whom you spoke to just now?当先行词指物时，关系代词可用that（做主语，宾语），which（做主语，宾语）Talking about things1 The story that/which you read is“The

34、Rescue”.2 And there she saw a wall of water that/which was quickly advancing towards her.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.如果介词提前，作宾语的关系代词不能省略v 指物，只用 whichv 指人,只用whomIs this the library from which you borrow books?Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?The man(whom/who)I nodded to is

35、 Mr.Li.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：My sister,who is twenty,works in a bank.The man who came here yesterday has come again.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用who，指物时，只用which。v She looked at Jeff,who was w

36、aving his arms.v Football,which is a very interesting game,is loved by most people in the world.whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。Whose is used instead for his/her/their/its.This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.Fill in

37、 the blanks with who,whom,whose that,or which.1 I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.2 Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3 The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.4 Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.whowhich/thatwhoseWhich/tha

38、tFill in the blanks with who,whom,whose that,or which.5 The family _ Im staying with lives in town.6 I know the student _ article was published.7 Betty,_ has never been abroad,is studying English very well.8 My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old.9 The boy with _ John spoke is my br

39、other.thatwhosewhowhich/thatwhomwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.on whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。This is the house where I lived two years ago.in which=why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。Do you know the reason why she was late.for

40、which=Exercisev1.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded.A.which B.when C.that D.on thatv2.Is that the reason _ you are for the plan.which B.what C.why D.for that v 3.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded.v A.which B.when C.that D.on thatv 4.Is this the place _ you were born?v A.wh

41、ich B.whereC.what D.thatv挑战高难度！v 1.Is this the place _ you were born?v A.which B.whereC.what D.thatv 2.Is this the place _ some German friends visited last year?v A.which B.whereC.what D.whyv 3.The house _ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now.v A.which B.whereC.what D.thatv 4.The house _ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now.v A.that B.whereC.what D.whyv 5.He told her the reason_ he is unhappy,but she doesnt believe the reason _ he gives her.v A.why;whyv B.why;whichv C.that;whyv D.which;why谢谢观赏