2019_2020学年人教版高中英语必修五：UNIT1 GREAT SCIENTISTS 课堂同步训练卷（二） WORD版含答案.doc

1、此卷只装订不密封班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 2019-2020学年高二上学期训练卷必修五 Unit1 Great Scientists英 语 （二）（本卷满分100分）一、阅读理解（每小题2分，共16分）AAlbert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. He was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old, his

2、 father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same directionto the north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move.Albert did not like school. The German schools of that time were not pleasant. St

3、udents could not ask questions. Albert said he felt as if he were in prison.In 1905, Albert Einstein published some important papers in a German scientific magazine. They included one of the most important scientific documents in history. It explained what came to be called his “Special Theory of Re

4、lativity(相对论)”. Ten years later he expanded it to a “General Theory of Relativity”.In 1921, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics. It was given to him not for his theories of relativity, but for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect(光电效应).Albert Einstein left Germany in 1933. He moved to

5、the United States to continue his research. Einstein became a citizen of the United States in 1940.Einstein was a famous man, but you would not have known that by looking at him. His white hair was long and wild. He wore old clothes. He showed an inner joy when he was playing his violin or talking a

6、bout his work. Students and friends said he had a way of explaining difficult ideas using images that were easy to understand.Einstein spent the last twentyfive years of his life working on what he called a “unified field theory”. He hoped to find a common mathematical statement that could tie toget

7、her all the different parts of physics. However, he did not succeed.Albert Einstein died in 1955 at the age of seventysix.1.What do we know about Albert Einstein in his childhood?A.He was very clever.B.He liked talking with people.C.He was curious about new things.D.He was good at inventing new thin

8、gs.2.Whats the right order of the following events about Albert Einstein?a.He became a citizen of the United States.b.He won the Nobel Prize in Physics.c.He put forward his “General Theory of Relativity”.d.He left Germany for the United States.A.d，b，c，aB.d，a，c，bC.b，c，d，aD.c，b，d，a3.What can be inferr

9、ed about Albert Einstein from the passage?A.Albert Einstein didnt like asking questions at school.B.Albert Einstein hated school for its strict rules.C.Albert Einstein cared little about how he looked.D.Albert Einsteins lessons were too difficult to understand.4.Whats the passage mainly about?A.The

10、life story of Albert Einstein.B.The scientific discoveries of Albert Einstein.C.Albert Einstein and his theories of relativity.D.How Albert Einstein won great success in his life.【答案】1-4 CDCA【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段关于爱因斯坦对罗盘产生好奇的故事可以推断出，他对新事物充满好奇心，因此C项正确。2.细节排序题。根据文章第三、四、五段可以得知，a、b、c、d四项发生的时间分别为1940年、1921年

11、、1915年及1933年，因此D项正确。3.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可以判断，爱因斯坦是一个在生活中不拘小节、不在乎自己外表的人。4.主旨大意题。本文简要介绍了爱因斯坦的生平，因此A项最为恰当。BDo you suppose Darwin, one of the greatest scientists of all time, really did foolish experiments? Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolis

12、h?Sometimes, people think they have already known the answer to a question or the solution to a problem. Sometimes, they really do know an answer or a solution, but without thinking they are important.Charles Darwin didnt settle for (满足于) just thinking he knew something. And he believed all things c

13、ould be important however simple they seemed to be.Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape. If you drop them at the same time in the same place, they will fall in the same way. Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight little ball and let it drop along wit

14、h the other sheets. What happens? You have done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldnt be worth anything.But this simple experiment is important. It explains part of our presentday understandings of physics that were worked out long ago by Galileo and Newton. And these under

15、standings set aside some of ancient Greek physics.Scientists sometimes stop to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them. Even the simplest idea, which we might think is foolish, can shake the foundations of science.5.The passage tells us that Charles Darwin _.A.was a great Englis

16、h scientistB.always liked doing the experiments that others thought difficultC.thought even the simplest thing was importantD.didnt get on well with others6.The underlined phrase “set aside” most probably means _.A.throw awayB.store upC.put to useD.realize7.The author of the passage tries to _.A.con

17、vince us that Charles Darwin, Galileo and Newton are the greatest scientists in the worldB.draw the conclusion that basic sciences are simple thingsC.prove that two sheets of paper, with the same size and shape, will fall at the same speedD.draw our attention to everyday happenings around us8.Which

18、of the following is TRUE?A.Darwin really did foolish experiments.B.According to some people, Darwin did foolish experiments.C.It is believed by all the people that things could be important though they seemed to be simple.D.Galileo and Newton worked out ancient Greek physics.【答案】5-8 CADB【解析】5.细节理解题。

19、短文并没有说查尔斯达尔文是哪个国家的科学家，可排除A；文中说法是别人认为达尔文的许多实验太简单不值得做，可排除B；文中没有论述达尔文与别人相处的情况，可排除D。由第三段最后一句可知答案为C。6.词义猜测题。由上文可知作者认为做这个简单的实验是重要的，它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的部分理解。因此这些理解当然是“推翻”了一些古希腊物理学的观点。由此可推知set aside与throw away同义。7.推理判断题。短文的最后一段点明作者的观点：最简单的想法都可能动摇科学的根基，即告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。8.细节理解题。短文第一段最后一句表明，有些人认为达尔文做了愚蠢的实验。二

20、、七选五（每小题2分，共10分）If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. _9_The friends w

21、ho introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. _10_ We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the

22、doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness. _11_ Instead, we had a popup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My natureloving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life._12_ We have do

23、ne a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twentyeightfoot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a builtin TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains._13_ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his

24、 or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.A.This time there was no tent.B.Things are going to be improved.C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.F.After

25、 the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.【答案】9-13 DCAFE【解析】9.空格前一句说“他们与我没有共同之处”，空格后一段讲述了作者的一次野营，前后之间存在转折关系，所以此处需要填一个承上启下的转折句，这与D项中的however相呼应。10.根据后文的描述“我们睡帐篷，在篝火上做饭，走很长的路去洗澡和上厕所”可知，这次野营比较艰难，这与C项中的rough相对应。11.根据后文转折副词inst

26、ead后的描述“我们这次有野营车，里面有舒服的床和空调”可知，这次的野营没有帐篷。故选A。12.根据空格后的代词we可判断所填句子中应含有复数名词，再结合空格后面一句“从那以后我们进行了很多次野营”可判断应选F项“这次野营后，我的家人都对野营相当感兴趣了”。13.根据整篇文章的行文思路来看，此处应填一个总结升华的句子，结合空格后面一句“每个人迟早都会找到回归自然的方式”可判断选E项“我必须得说，我肯定喜欢上野营了”。三、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）In 1896, 17-year-old Einstein went to Zurich to study physics. There h

27、e met Marits, a girl from Hungary. They studied in the same class and the same interest in physics brought the two together and they became good _14_. Before long, they _15_ in love with each other. In 1903, when Einstein was 24, he _16_ Marits, who was four years older than he. _17_ their marriage,

28、 Einstein _18_ himself to the research of the great theory of relativity (相对论). _19_ her husband more help, Marits gave _20_ her own work, and became a good wife and _21_. She tried her best to encourage him _22_ possible. She was sure that her husband _23_ succeed. They often discussed the theory w

29、hile _24_ outside or sitting together in the room. They _25_ did that in their letters when one of them was _26_ from home. In 1914, the Einsteins moved to Berlin and _27_ down there. At that time, Einsteins theory _28_ to be correct and he became _29_ all over the world.Marits was very _30_ her hus

30、band with his success. But it was not long _31_ the First World War _32_. Marits as well as her two sons, who were _33_ holiday in Switzerland, couldnt come back to Berlin any longer. The war not only stopped Einsteins work but also broke up the warm, happy family. In 1919, Einstein and Marits had t

31、o get divorced (离婚).14.A.pairsB.couplesC.friendsD.classmates15.A.gotB.fellC.becameD.turned16.A.marryingB.marriesC.marriedD.married with17.A.SinceB.ForC.WithD.After18.A.gaveB.offeredC.forcedD.devoted19.A.GivingB.To giveC.GivenD.To have given20.A.offB.outC.upD.in21.A.cookB.motherC.friendD.assistant22.

32、A.whateverB.wheneverC.howeverD.wherever23.A.mustB.mightC.shouldD.would24.A.walkedB.walkingC.wentD.coming25.A.evenB.neverC.seldomD.sometimes26.A.beyondB.offC.outD.away27.A.putB.settledC.livedD.sat28.A.seemedB.appearedC.provedD.looked29.A.happyB.pleasedC.satisfiedD.famous30.A.proud ofB.praised forC.pl

33、eased withD.worried about31.A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.as32.A.appearedB.took placeC.occurredD.broke out33.A.inB.atC.onD.for【答案】14-18 CBCDD 19-23 BCDBD 24-28 BADBC 29-33 DABDC【解析】14.由空前句意“对于物理方面同样的兴趣使得他们两个人走到一起”以及下文“不久，他们相爱了”可知，这里是指他们成为了好朋友。15.fall in love with sb.的意思是“爱上某人”，其他三个动词不与in love with连用。16.表示“

34、和某人结婚”，应用marry sb.，marry后不加介词with，排除D项；由空前的时间状语从句可知，此处应是主句的谓语动词，排除A项。又因本文是描述过去发生的事情，排除B项。故选C。17.after their marriage“他们结婚以后”。18.devote oneself to sth.的意思是“投身、致力于某事”。give, offer和force不与oneself to sth.搭配。19.由下文可知，玛丽兹所做的一切都是为了给丈夫更多的帮助。此处为动词不定式作目的状语且只需要用动词不定式的一般式。20.为了给丈夫提供更多的帮助，玛丽兹放弃了自己的工作。give up “放弃”

35、，符合句意。give off “发出(光和热等)”；give out “发出；分发”；give in “屈服”。21.由上文中的“_ her husband more help”及下文可知，此处指玛丽兹成为了爱因斯坦的贤妻和助手(assistant)。22.句意：不管什么时候只要有可能，玛丽兹都尽力去鼓励他。whenever “无论何时”，符合语境。23.玛丽兹相信自己的丈夫将来“会(would)”成功，而不是“必须(must)”“可能(might)”或“应该(should)”成功。24.当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语部分含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可一并省略。本句省略they

36、 were，因此选择walking。25.由上文可知他们总是一起讨论问题，此处用even表示程度进一步加深，即“他们甚至在信中也讨论问题”。26.由上文中的“in their letters”可知，此处是说他们其中的一个不在家的时候。be away from home “不在家”符合语境。27.根据空前的“moved to Berlin”可知应选B。settle down “定居”。而put down意为“放下”，sit down意为“坐下”，均与句意不符，排除A、D两项；live一般不与down连用。28.由空格后的“to be correct”和“he became _ all over

37、the world”可推知，爱因斯坦的理论最终证明是正确的。prove “证实，证明”，符合语境。29.此处指爱因斯坦在当时享誉全世界。famous “著名的”，符合语境。30.be proud of “为而骄傲或自豪”；be praised for “为受到称赞”；be pleased with “对感到满意”；be worried about “对担忧”。由上下文来看，玛丽兹是为丈夫的成功感到自豪。31.惯用句式“It is not long before. ”意为“不久就”。32.appear “出现”；take place “发生”，用来指有计划地发生；occur “出现”；break

38、 out “发生；爆发”，多用来指战争、火灾等。此处指第一次世界大战的爆发，因此选择D项。33.be on holiday “在度假”。他们母子三人在瑞士度假。四、单句语法填空（每小题2分，共24分）34.The computer center, _ (open) last year, is very popular among the students in this school.【答案】opened【解析】open和the computer center之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。35.The scientists are working _ seeking new metho

39、ds of killing the cancer cells.【答案】on【解析】句意：科学家们正致力于寻找新的杀死癌细胞的方法。work on “致力于”，为固定搭配。36.The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief _ (catch).【答案】being caught【解析】lead to “导致”，该词组中to为介词，后面要跟名词或动词ing形式。小偷是被抓，应该用动词ing形式的被动式。37.My teacher made a great contribution to _ (teach) us to be good and h

40、elpful to others.【答案】teaching【解析】make a contribution to “为做贡献”，其中to为介词，后接名词或动名词。38.The students were sitting in the classroom with their eyes _(fix) on the teachers.【答案】fixed【解析】此处是with复合结构。their eyes和fix之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词形式作宾补。39.They turned a deaf ear to our demands, _ made us angry.【答案】which【解析】whic

41、h引导非限制性定语从句，且指代前面整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语。40.I find _ really hard to work with such an impatient person.【答案】it【解析】此处it作find的形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。41.You will _ (take) in if you believe what the strangers said without thinking.【答案】be taken【解析】句意：如果你不加思考就相信陌生人所说的话，你就会被骗。主语you和动词短语take in之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。take in “欺骗

42、”。42.Are you interested in the _ (move) of the other planets?【答案】movements【解析】由介词in和定冠词the可知此处应填名词形式，由planets可知应用名词复数形式。43.Only when the war was over in 1945_ he return to his hometown.【答案】did【解析】“only状语从句”位于句首时，主句采用部分倒装语序，根据从句中的时间状语可知，主句应用一般过去时，故填助动词did。44.Every _ I was in trouble, he would come to

43、 help me.【答案】time【解析】句意：每当我处于困境时，他就会来帮助我。every time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每当”。45.The doctor who _ (cure) him of his illness was very experienced.【答案】cured【解析】句意：治好他的病的那位医生非常有经验。由was可知应用一般过去时。五、单句改错（每小题2分，共20分）46.The falling leaves of the wood cover the ground in fall.【答案】fallingfallen47.The girl dressing

44、in red is from a big city.【答案】dressingdressed48.Hearing the encouraged news, we all felt proud of our country.【答案】encouragedencouraging49.Most of the scientists inviting to the party were Americans.【答案】invitinginvited50.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affecting pe

45、rson died.【答案】affectingaffected51.I have been to some English-spoken countries.【答案】English-spokenEnglish-speaking52.The children examining at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.【答案】examiningexamined53.She had little sense of direction, so she often got losing when she was out.【答案】losinglost54.Dont you know the girl worn a red skirt?【答案】wornwearing55.Dont use words, expressions,or phrases knowing only to people with specific knowledge.【答案】knowingknown