2020-2021学年英语新教材人教版选择性必修第一册学案：UNIT 4 突破.doc

1、动词ing形式作宾语和表语一、动词ing形式作宾语1作动词的宾语接动词ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：avoid，miss，delay/put off避免错过少延期advise，finish，practise建议完成多练习enjoy，imagine，cant help喜欢想象禁不住admit，deny，envy承认否定与嫉妒escape，risk，excuse逃避冒险莫原谅stand，keep，mind忍受保持不介意He admitted referring to his notes in the exam.他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。She cant stand being looked

2、 down upon in public.她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起的感觉。Would you mind opening the window?你介意打开窗子吗？He tried to avoid answering my questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。2作介词的宾语在下面的短语中，常用动词ing形式作介词的宾语： be good at，dream of，care about，be concerned about，be interested in，feel like，insist on，think of，aim at，set about，be used to习惯于；get

3、down to开始做；lead to导致；devote oneself to献身于；look forward to期待；stick to坚持；pay attention to注意。I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。Im looking forward to your coming next time.我期待着你下一次的到来。Because of the bad weath

4、er，they have to give up going out for a picnic tomorrow.因为天气不好，他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。3在以下结构中，动词ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。spend.(in) doing花费做某事have difficulty/trouble (in) doing.做有困难/麻烦stop/prevent.(from) doing阻止做某事waste time (in) doing浪费时间做某事be busy (in) doing忙于做某事have a good/hard time (in) doing高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事Ther

5、e is no point (in) doing做某事毫无意义He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child.他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。There is no point giving him such a good chance.给他提供这样一个好机会没有意义。即学即练1单句语法填空Im looking forward to hearing (hear) from you.He devotes himself to lookin

6、g (look) into the matter.She likes spending much money buying (buy) clothes for herself.4动词ing形式作宾语时的几个特殊情况(1)动词ing的复合结构。动词ingWould you mind my/me closing the window?你介意我关上窗户吗？Would you mind Marys/Mary closing the window?你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？名师点津动词ing的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词(宾格)/名词s所有格not doing.。(2)某些动词

7、及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词ing作宾语。动词begin，start，continue等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词ing作宾语，意义基本相同。They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest.休息了一会后，他们继续讨论这项计划。动词love，like，hate等后可跟动词ing和不定式作宾语，但接动词ing表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.(习惯)我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚的日子里散步。It is a

8、pleasant day today，so I love to have a walk with my friend.(具体)今天是个令人愉快的日子，所以我想和朋友一起散散步。一些动词后既可跟动词ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯。The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关了。名师点津对比记忆作宾语的动词含义They stopped to have a look at the fantast

9、ic scenery.他们停下来，看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。They stopped working and had a rest.他们停止工作，休息了一下。(3)用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词ing形式。其结构如下：主语itdoing.I found it useless/no use arguing about it.我发现争论这件事没有用。Do you consider it any good trying again?你觉得再试会有用吗？(4)在动词need，require，want，deserve后，用动词ing形式表示被动含义，即need/require/want/deserve

10、 doingneed/require/want/deserve to be done。These clothes need washing.These clothes need to be washed.这些衣服需要洗。The house requires repairing.The house requires to be repaired.这座房子需要修理。(5)在(be) worth后面只能用动词ing形式来表示被动含义。The film is worth seeing a second time.这部电影值得再看一次。即学即练2单句语法填空I remember seeing (see)

11、 her before，but I cant remember when it was.You must remember to tell (tell) Jackson the news tonight.I didnt mean to visit (visit) him yesterday afternoon.Giving up your plan means losing (lose) a large amount of money.All of us stopped talking (talk) when we saw our teacher come in.She felt thirst

12、y, so she stopped to get (get) a drink of water.二、动词ing形式作表语1动名词用作表语Her job is checking letter of credit and terms of contract.她的工作是核对信用证和合同款。That is not playing the game.这样做就不公平了。This was really carrying matters a little too far.这事做得真有点太过分了。名师点津1不要把作表语用的动名词和现在进行时态混淆。动名词说明主语的情况或性质，其内容在逻辑上等于主语的内容；现在分

13、词说明动作是由主语完成的(即表示主语正在进行的动作)。His job is cleaning the classroom.(动名词短语作表语)他的工作就是打扫课室。He is cleaning the classroom.(谓语，现在进行时)他正在打扫课室。名师点津2动名词(短语)和不定式(短语)都能用作主语或表语，两者的区别是：表示比较抽象、一般的行为，不跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时，多用动名词(短语)；表示具体某次行为、特别是将来的行为，往往跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时，多用不定式。但在多数情况下，两者差别不太大，可以互用。试比较：Our job is building houses.

14、(经常性的一般行为)我们的工作是盖房子。Our main task now is to build this house.(特定的具体某次行为)我们现在的主要任务是盖这间房子。即学即练3单句语法填空One of the good exercises is swimming(swim)The real problem is getting(get) to know the needs of the customers.The important thing now is to save(save) lives.2现在分词用作表语现在分词作表语，总是跟在系动词之后，构成复合谓语。现在分词作表语，表

15、示主语所具有的特征。许多作表语的现在分词几乎已经形容词化，可以用副词修饰，也可以有比较级形式。这类常见的现在分词有amazing, amusing, annoying, astonishing, boring, charming等。The development of our aviation industry is quite encouraging.我们的航空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的。A few pages are wanting.有几处缺页。The whole damned day had been humiliating.这一整天可坏透了，令人丢脸。名师点津1现在分词作表语时，系动词

16、除be外还有appear, sound, look, become, come, get, go, grow, keep, remain, seem等。What he says sounds more convincing.他说的话听起来更有说服力。The European scene began to look threatening again.欧洲局势再度出现危险。名师点津2现在分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，表示性质或状态；进行时态中的分词是谓语动词的组成部分，表示具体的动作，两者不可混淆。The present situation is encouraging.(表语)目前的形势是令人

17、鼓舞的。The present situation is encouraging us to stride forward in production.(现在进行时)目前的形势正在鼓舞我们在生产上迈步前进。The problem is quite pressing.(表语)问题很紧迫。She is pressing the button.(现在进行时)她正在按电钮。即学即练4单句语法填空The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring(inspire)The book is interesting(interest) and Im

18、interested in it.He remembered our names from ten years agoisnt that just amazing(amaze)?.单句语法填空1Poems which had seemed dull and boring(bore) suddenly came to life.2The bird narrowly escaped being shot (shoot) by the hunter.3She looked small and gentle and altogether charming(charm)4Do you feel like

19、 having (have) a walk with me after supper?5My father suggested reading (read) more books in my spare time.6To avoid being seen (see) by the teacher, Tony stole into the classroom by the back door.7Have you considered building (build) a house in the countryside?8Some of the children are shy and they

20、 have some difficulty in making (make) friends.9We regret to inform (inform) you that you will have to give up this chance.10We agreed to meet (meet) here，but so far she hasnt turned up yet.完成句子1目前形势令人惊恐。The present situation is terrifying2这个问题正在会上讨论。This question is being discussed at the meeting.3当这个人看完信后，他看着他的朋友。After the man finished reading the letter, he looked at his friend.4李明一直梦想着将来可以开始他自己的生意。Li Ming has always been dreaming of starting his own business in the future.5尽管我是一个残疾人，但我在生活中总是喜欢帮助别人。While Im a disabled man, I always enjoy helping others in my daily life.