2019届高三英语语言知识运用最后冲刺特训：完形填空4WORD版含解析.doc

1、完形填空41、It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment with my wife, Eleanor. We had 1 to meet at the restaurant at seven oclock. I felt a little uneasy, but to my2I had a good excuse: A business meeting had3and Id wasted no time getting to the dinner.When I ar

2、rived at the4I apologized and told Eleanor I didnt mean to be late. She screamed, “You never mean to.” Well, I5tell she was angry. “Im sorry but it was not6I said. Then I told her about the business meeting.7my explanation seemed to make things worse, which started to drive8mad as well.Several weeks

3、 later, when I9the situation to my friend Ken Hardy, he smiled, “You 10 a classic mistake. Youre stuck 11 your own way of thinking. You didnt 12 to be late. But thats not the point. What is 13 in your communication is how your lateness affected Eleanor.” He pointed out that I focused on the intentio

4、n 14 Eleanor focused on the result. Thus 15 of us felt misunderstood and crazy.Thinking more about Kens words, I 16 recognized the root cause of such disagreement. Its the result of the action that really 17 I should have started the conversation by expressing 18 my actions affected Eleanor and 19 t

5、he discussions about my intention for later, much later and even never.Later on, after talking to Eleanor and really20her experience of the results of my lateness, Ive managed to be on time a lot more frequently.1.A.startedB.agreedC.continuedD.managed2.A.reliefB.surpriseC.regretD.sorrow3.A.broken ou

6、tB.closed downC.faded awayD.run over4.A.houseB.roomC.restaurantD.supermarket5.A.couldB.mustC.willD.might6.A.movableB.comfortableC.acceptableD.avoidable7.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.Otherwise8.A.herB.himC.meD.them9.A.spreadB.wroteC.translatedD.described10.A.knewB.madeC.foundD.took11.A.inB.beyondC

7、.forD.against12.A.needB.proveC.pretendD.intend13.A.funnyB.importantC.possibleD.simple14.A.whileB.afterC.untilD.unless15.A.allB.noneC.bothD.neither16.A.usuallyB.merelyC.hardlyD.gradually17.A.inspiresB.mattersC.improvesD.challenges18.A.howB.whyC.whenD.what19.A.comparedB.reportedC.finishedD.saved20.A.s

8、howingB.satisfyingC.understandingD.destroying2、阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A,B,C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 1 the idea of taking the class because, after all,

9、who doesnt want to2a few dollars? More than that, Id always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I werent 3 enough about free credits, news about our4was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which5I would be learning from one of the games6I could hardly wait to7him.Maurice Ash

10、ley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this8was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it9that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 10 the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 11 what we would learn in cla

11、ss to our future professions, and 12 to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 13 and leaned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 14Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I m still putting to use what he 15 me: “the absolute most important 16 that you learn when you play chess is

12、how to make good 17 On every single move you have to 18 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 19 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my20as a journalist.1.A.put forwardB.jumped atC.tried outD.turned down2.A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay3.A.ex

13、citedB.worriedC.movedD.tired4.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor5.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant6.A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest7.A.interviewB.meetC.challcngeD.beat8.A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job9.A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible10.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe11.A.addB.exposeC.applyD

14、.compare12.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally13.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment14.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation15.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised16.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill17.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments18.A.analyzeB.descibeC.rebuildD.control1

15、9.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate20.A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior3、Heroes come in different shapes and sites. Some are born to give others a 1 . Then there are the people who 2 happen to be in the right place at the right time. That was the 3 for John Underwood.On a cold evening, a storm 4 n

16、ear his home. Underwood was heading over to help his sister when the roads were 5 . He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help. “My 6 is that if I have the ability to do good, then I should do it. There should be no 7 .” he said.Underwood wasnt out of his 8 long before h

17、e heard a cry, “ Someone was 9 , My parents, my parents !” Moments later, a 12-year-old boy ran up to Underwood, saying his parents were 10 and asked for help.The Hammonds went to get things from the basement when the walls 11 to bear the weight of rain and fell down, and they couldn t 12 . Worse st

18、ill, the water was rising fast. 13 was of extreme significance, so Underwood took action at once. Any inappropriate action could add more dangers. Luckily, Underwood had 14 as a contractor (承包商). “Digging a hole in the living room floor, I knew its a 15 way.”he said.With physical strength, patience,

19、 and a lot of 16 , Underwood saved their lives. He said he did what anyone would do, but thats not necessarily true. Its 17 to put yourself in a dangerous way to rescue another. Thats why the American Red Cross 18 him. Ann Otto, who was in charge of the 23rd Annual Acts of Courage Awards, said the A

20、wards should 19 heroes like Underwood who have acted 20 and selflessly in a time of emergency.1.A.lessonB.directionC.hopeD.hand2.A.alsoB.justC.oftenD.even3.A.roleB.concernC.caseD.behavior4.A.brokeB.disappearedC.returnedD.changed5.A.clearedB.completedC.repairedD.flooded6.A.dutyB.factC.beliefD.advice7

21、.A.arrangementB.wonderC.excuseD.problem8.A.powerB.senseC.houseD.vehicle9.A.screamingB.workingC.helpingD.talking10.A.ignoredB.trappedC.injuredD.missed11.A.managedB.failedC.triedD.struggled12.A.speakB.reuniteC.escapeD.survive13.A.TimeB.ReliefC.SuccessD.Action14.A.attitudeB.potentialC.confidenceD.exper

22、ience15.A.difficultB.safeC.creativeD.quick16.A.braveryB.encouragementC.anxietyD.responsibility17.A.impossibleB.reasonableC.hardD. special18.A.invitedB.honoredC.interviewedD.helped19.A.go toB.come toC.turn toD.pass to20.A.fortunatelyB.immediatelyC.activelyD.courageously4、Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl

23、 from Manitoba, Canada. One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man 1out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. Hannah was very2She couldnt understand why some pe

24、ople had to live their lives without shelter or enough food. Hannah started to think about how she could3,but, of course, there is not a lot one five-year-old can do to solve the problem of homelessness.Later ,when Hannah attended school, she saw another homeless person. It was a woman4an old shoppi

25、ng trolley(购物车)which was piled with5It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them. This made Hannah very sad, and even more6to do something. She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people7they first saw the homeless man. Her mother told her that if she did something to

26、 change the problem that made her sad, she wouldnt8as badHannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and then in other provinces. She hoped to9her message of hope and awareness. She started the Ladybug Foudation ,an organization aiming at getting rid of homelessness. She began to 10

27、 “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to 11to the cause. She also organized a fundraising(募捐)drive in “Ladybug Jars” to collect everyones spare change during “Make Change” month. More recently, the foundation began another 12called National Red Scarf Daya day

28、when people donate $20 and wear red scarves in support of Canadas 13and homelessThere is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannahs Place”, something that Hannah is very 14 of. Hannahs Place is divided into several areas, providing shelter for people when it is so cold that 15outdoors can mean

29、 death. In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of 16 For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the 17 of young people to change the world. But 18 all this, Hannah still has the 19 life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regu

30、lar visits to homeless people.Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a20in the world. You can, too!1.A.jumpingB.eatingC.cryingD.waving2.A.annoyedB.nervousC.ashamedD.upset3.A.behaveB.manageC.helpD.work4.A.pushingB.carryingC.buyingD.holding5.A.goodsB.bottlesC.foodsD.bags6.A.exci

31、tedB.determinedC.energeticD.grateful7.A.sinceB.unlessC.althoughD.as8.A.soundB.getC.feelD.look9.A.exchangeB.leaveC.keepD.spread10.A.sellB.deliverC.hostD.pack11.A.contributeB.leadC.applyD.agree12.A.campaignB.tripC.procedureD.trial13.A.elderlyB.hungryC.lonelyD.sick14.A.awareB.afraidC.proudD.sure15.A.go

32、ingB.sleepingC.travelingD.playing16.A.praisesB.invitationsC.repliesD.appointments17.A.needsB.interestsC.dreamsD.efforts18.A.forB.throughC.besidesD.along19.A.healthyB.publicC.normalD.tough20.A.choiceB.profitC.judgementD.difference答案1答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.D; 4.C; 5.A; 6.D; 7.A; 8.C; 9.D; 10.B; 11.A; 12.D; 13

33、.B; 14.A; 15.C; 16.D; 17.B; 18.A; 19.D; 20.C解析：1.本文是一个情感故事,讲述了作者迟到引起了妻子的不满与误解,后来接受朋友的建议,认清问题所在才真正改善了两人的关系。前文讲与妻子约好吃饭,所以同意在餐馆见面。2.由后一句“I had a good excuse”可得出答案。3.run over本意“溢出”,此处是“超时”的意思。4.由空1后的“to meet at the restaurant”可知答案。5.could此处为“能够”,“我”能看出她生气了。6.我很抱歉,但是这是不可避免的。avoidable可以避免的;movable可移动的;com

34、fortable舒适的;acceptable可以接受的。7.此处表示转折。然而我的解释似乎使事情变得更糟。8.这也开始把我逼得发狂。由句中的as well可确定答案为me而不是her.9.因为是跟朋友Ken Hardy讲起这件事,所以选D。describe描述;spread传播,散布;translate 翻译。10.考查动词。make a mistake犯错误。11.考查介词。be stuck in陷入。12.此处与上文第二段第一句中的I didnt mean to be late照应。故选D。intend to do打算做。13.在你的表达中最为重要的是你的迟到行为对Eleanor造成了怎样

35、的影响。14.此处表示两个对比的方面。我注重意图而Eleanor注重结果。15.因此,我们两个都感到被误解了并且都感觉要发疯。16.我逐渐地意识到这种争吵的根源。因为受到朋友的启发,所以想法逐渐改变。gradually逐渐地;usually通常; merely只不过,仅仅;hardly几乎不。17.行为的结果才是真正重要的。本句为强调句。It is.that really matters. 才是真正重要的。matter要紧,有关系;inspire启发思考,赋予灵感;improve提升;challenge 挑战。18.通过表达我的行为是如何影响到了Eleanor。how引导宾语从句。19.我本该

36、留到以后,再晚些说我的意图,或者甚至不说我的意图。save.for保留20.后来,在与Eleanor交流和真正理解了她对我迟到后果的感受之后,我设法经常做到准时了。understand理解。2答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.A; 4.D; 5.D; 6.C; 7.B; 8.D; 9.C; 10.B; 11.C; 12.A; 13.C; 14.B; 15.A; 16.D; 17.B; 18.A; 19.D; 20.A本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了我在大二学的免费课程下棋及它对我生活的指导意义。1. 考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时,学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程,这个课程3个学分。我急

37、于接收这个课程,是因为我想节省点钱。A. put forward提出;B. jumped at急于接收;C. tried out尝试;D. turned down拒绝。故选B。2. 考查动词辨析。我在大二时,学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程,这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程,是因为我想节省点钱。A. waste浪费;B. earn赚钱;C. save节省;D. pay付钱。故选C。3. 考查形容词辨析。我总是想学象棋,即便是我对免费的学分不激动,单是我们导师的信息就足以吸引我。A. excited激动的;兴奋的;B. worried担心的;C. moved感动的;D. tired劳

38、累的。故选A。4. 考查名词辨析。我总是想学象棋,即便是我对免费的学分不激动,单是我们导师的消息就足以吸引我。A. title头衔;题目;B. competitor竞赛者;C. textbook教科书;D. instructor导师。故选D。5. 考查动词辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。A. urged督促;B. demanded要求;C. held握住;D. meant意味着。故选D。6. 考查词义辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。A. fastest最快的;B. easiest最容易的;C. best最好的;D. rarest最稀少的。故选C。7. 考查动词词义辨

39、析。我迫不及待地想见到他。A. interview面试;B. meet见面;C. challenge挑战;D. beat击败。故选B。8. 考查名词词义辨析。一位先前的毕业生回校教书,这项工作对他来说根本不是游戏。A. chance机会;B. qualification合格;C. honor荣誉;D. job工作。故选D。8. 考查形容词辨析。在他的介绍中,他明确指出这些学分不容易得到。A. real真实的;B. perfect完美的;C. clear清楚的;D. possible可能的。故选C。10. 考查动词词义辨析。为了通过考试,我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的东西应用于未来的职业

40、中。A. attend参加;B. pass通过;C. skip跳跃;D. observe遵守。故选B。11. 考查动词词义辨析。我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的知识应用于未来的职业中。apply把运用于12. 考查副词词义辨析。最终,把我们在课堂里学的知识应用到我们的生活中。A. eventually最终;B. naturally自然地;C. directly直接地;D. normally正常地。故选A。13. 考查名词辨析。我设法在这个课程中获得了个A。A. game游戏;B. presentation介绍;陈述;C. course课程;D. experiment实验。故选C。14.

41、考查名词辨析。我还学习了课堂之外对我很有用的生活课程。A. criterion标准;B. classroom教室;C. department部门;系;D. situation情况。故选B。15. 考查动词词义辨析。和Ashley学了象棋课程之后10年里,我仍在应用他教我的东西。A. taught教;B. wrote写;C. questioned提问;D. promised承诺。故选A。16. 考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候,学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。A. fact事实;B. step步;C. manner方式;D. skill技能。故选D。17. 考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋

42、的时候,学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。A. grades等级;B. decisions决定;C. impressions印象;D. comments评论。故选B。18. 考查动词词义辨析。每一步你都必须分析形势,审视对手要做什么。A. analyze分析;B. describe描述;C. rebuild重建;D. control控制。故选A。19. 考查动词词义辨析。从你所有的选择中,评估出最好的一步。A. announce宣布;B. signal发信号;C. block阻塞;D. evaluate评估。故选D。20. 考查名词词义辨析。现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然是

43、正确的。A. role角色;B. desire欲望;要求;C. concern涉及,关系到;D. behavior行为。故选A。点睛:高考复习时,注意熟词生意的短语是很重要的。本文的中的jump at意为:急于接收。此处jump是一个熟词,但这个短语的意思学生比较陌生,这样就会导致学生不知道意思而束手无策。3答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.A; 5.D; 6.C; 7.C; 8.D; 9.A; 10.B; 11.B; 12.C; 13.A; 14.D; 15.B; 16.A; 17.C; 18.B; 19.A; 20.D解析：1.根据下文中多次出现的help及文章第一句可知,作者认为有

44、人天生乐于助人,所以用hand。 give sb. a hand 帮助某人”为固定搭配。2.有人只是(just)价好在恰当的时间出现在恰当的地点。3.结合下文安德伍德帮助被困夫妇的事件可知,此处意为约翰安德伍德就是这样的例子。case事例,实例。4.结合上文内容可知,此处指暴风雨在他家附近降临(broke) 了。5.安德伍德正在去帮助他的妹妹的路上,这时道路被洪水淹没了。下文中的the water was rising fast是提示。 clear清除,疏通;complete完成,结束;repair修理,修补;flood为水所淹,被淹没。6.如果我有能力去做好事,我就应该去做”,这是安德伍德的

45、信念(belief)。7.安德伍德认为做好事不应该有任何借口。excuse借门,理由,辩解。8.根据上文中的 He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help可知,此处vehicle 符合语境。9.此处指有人高声喊(screaming):”我父母!我父母!”10.根据下文的when the walls. fell down可知,一个12岁的男孩跑向安德伍德,说他的父母被困住了。trap“困住, 使陷于危险中。11.Hammunds夫妇去地下室拿东西,墙壁不能够承受雨水的重量,倒塌了,两人无法脱身。fa

46、il未能(做到)”。12.参见上题解析。reunite重逢,再次相聚;escape逃脱,摆脱” survive”生存,存活。13.根据上文中的the water was rising fast和go Underwood took action at once可知,时间(Time)至关重要,于是他立即行动起来。14.在这种情况下,任何不当的操作都会增加危险。幸运的是,安德伍德有承包商经验(experience)15.安德伍德认为在客厅地板上挖一个洞是个安全的(safe)方法。此处safe与前面的dangers形成对比。16.根据下文中的“Underwood saved ihdr lives和An

47、n Otto,who was in charge of the 23 rd Annual Acts of Courage Awards. Underwoocl可知,安德伍德因勇敢的行为获奖。 他凭借体力,耐心和勇气救了Hammonds夫妇。bravery 勇敢,勇气;encouragemenl”鼓舞,鼓励;anxiety焦虑, 忧虑;responsibility责任,负责”。17.根据空前的He said he did what anyone would do, but thats not necessarily true”可知,要把自己置于危险的境地去救别人是很难做到的(hard)。18.这

48、是美国红十字会把奖项授予他的原因。honor给荣誉,表彰符合语境。19.这个奖应该颁给那邱像安德伍德那样在紧急情况下表现得英勇无私的英雄。go to归于,被给予 ;come to突然被某人意识到;turn to向求助(或寻求指教等);pass to”转移给,遗留给(继承人等)。20.参见上题解析。信息词Courage可提示答案,courageously”勇敢地”。4答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A; 5.D; 6.B; 7.A; 8.C; 9.D; 10.C; 11.A; 12.A; 13.B; 14.C; 15.B; 16.A; 17.D; 18.B; 19.C; 20.D解析：1

49、.下文语境题。根据后面的the man was homeless and hungry可知,那个人无家可归,并且很饿,所以他应该是从垃圾桶里找东西吃的。jump跳;eat吃;cry哭;wave挥手。2.下文语境题。根据后面的“She couldnt understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food. ”可知,她不能理解为什么一些人没有庇护之所,没有足够的食物,这让她很难过(upset)。第二段最后一句出现的sad是近义词复现,也可由此印证答案。annoyed生气的;nervous紧

50、张的;ashamed内疚的,惭愧的;upset不快的,心烦意乱的。3.下文语境题。根据后面的there is not a lot one five­year­old can do to solve(解决) the problem of homelessness可知,Hannah想尽一己之力帮助(help)无家可归者,不过一个5岁的女孩毕竟能力有限,可做的事情不多。behave表现;manage设法完成;help帮助;work工作。4.下文语境题。根据后面的an old shopping trolley(购物车)可知,她碰到的那个妇女推着(push)一辆旧的购物车。push推;c

51、arry运送;buy购买;hold抓住。5.下文语境题。根据后面的“It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them. ”可知,那个女人所有的家当好像都在包里,所以购物车里应该堆满了包(bags)。goods商品;bottle瓶子;food食物;bag包。受shopping trolley(购物车)的干扰,此题容易错选A项。6.上下文语境题。根据第一段的内容可知,Hannah在5岁时就想帮助无家可归者,根据第三、四段的内容可知,Hannah做了一些事情来帮助他们,所以此处表示,碰到这个无家可归的女人,她很伤心,这更坚定了(determi

52、ned)她要做点儿事情的决心。excited兴奋的;determined坚定的;energetic精力充沛的;grateful感谢的,感激的。7.上文语境题。根据第一段的内容“She asked her mother why he did that. . . ”可知,自从(since)她们第一次碰到那个无家可归的人,Hannah就和她的妈妈一直讨论他们的生活。since“自以来”,可引导时间状语从句。unless“除非”,引导条件状语从句;although“虽然”,引导让步状语从句;as“因为;当的时候”,引导原因状语从句或时间状语从句。8.上文语境题。根据空前的made her sad可知,

53、碰到无家可归的人让Hannah很伤心,所以她的妈妈告诉她,如果她能做点儿什么来改变这个问题,那么她就不会感觉(feel)这么糟糕了。sound听起来;get变得;feel给人感觉;look看起来。9.上文语境题。根据此段第一句中的began to speak out 可知,Hannah开始在公开场合做些关于无家可归的人的演讲,想呼吁人们关注他们。她希望把希望传播(spread)下去,并提升人们的意识。exchange交换,互换;leave留下;keep保持;spread扩散,流传。10.下文语境题。根据此空句子的后半句可知,她会在午餐期间尽力说服当地的商界领袖为这一事业做出贡献,所以Hanna

54、h是主办(host)了“大老板”午餐,这是她组织的一种活动。sell卖;deliver递送;host主办;pack(把)打包。11.上文语境题。Hannah举办“大老板”午餐活动,是为了让他们为这一事业出一己之力(contribute)。contribute to为做贡献,为出力;lead to导致;apply to申请;agree to同意(计划、安排、方案等)。12.上下文语境题。空格前的another提示,前面已经出现过一个同类型的名词,而前文提到的与募捐有关的活动,是一个零钱月(“Make Change”month),another后面是另一个活动(campaign)National

55、Red Scarf Day,人们在当天捐献20美元并戴上红围巾以支持加拿大的饥饿和无家可归的人。campaign活动,运动;trip旅行;procedure程序,步骤;trial审判,试验。13.上文语境题。第一段中提到了the man was homeless and hungry,和本空相对应,是单词复现。elderly年老的;hungry饥饿的;lonely孤单的;sick生病的。14.下文语境题。根据下文的描述,Hannahs Place分布在好几个区,为流浪者提供了栖身之处,所以Hannah已经给很多流浪者提供了帮助,这是她感到骄傲的(proud)事。be aware of意识到;b

56、e afraid of害怕;be proud of 为感到骄傲,以为荣;be sure of对有把握。15.上下文语境题。Hannah给流浪者提供了栖身之处,让他们在严寒的天气有地方可住。在寒冷的天气,睡(sleep)在户外就可能死亡。go去,到;sleep睡觉;travel旅行;play玩耍。16.下文语境题。根据本段中的she received the 2007 BRICK Award可知,Hannah曾获得2007年盘石奖,所以可以判断她因自己的善行获得了很多赞扬(praise)。praise表扬,赞扬;invitation邀请;reply回复;appointment约会。17.上下文语

57、境题。Hannah获得了2007年盘石奖,这个奖项是对年轻人为改变世界所做出努力(effort)的认可。need需要;interest兴趣;dream梦想;effort努力。18.上下文语境题。但是在这期间,Hannah依然过着正常的校园生活。for因为;through在整个期间;besides除之外(还);along沿着。19.上下文语境题。根据上下文可知,在做慈善的过程中,她依旧过着普通(normal)校园女孩的生活,和其他女孩并无区别,只是常常要去探望无家可归的人。healthy健康的;public公共的;normal平常的,正常的;tough困难的。20.上文语境题。根据上文内容可知,Hannah是通过自己的努力改变世界的年轻人之一。make a difference使变得不同,有影响,符合语境。make a choice做出选择;make a profit赚取利润;make a judgement做出判断。