2019-2020学年高中英语新教材必修第一册学案+作业：UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS SECTION Ⅲ WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家Section Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking基础知识 预习自检.重点词汇1erupt (vi.&vt.) (火山)爆发；(岩浆)喷出eruption (n.) 喷发，爆发2survive (vi.) 生存；存活 (vt.) 幸存；艰难度过survival (n.) 幸存；残存物survivor (n.) 幸存者3power (n.) 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力powerful (adj.) 强大的；权力大的4calm (adj.) 镇静的；沉着的calmly (adv.) 镇静地；沉

2、着地calmness (n.) 平静；沉静5in_the_open_air 露天；在户外6first_aid_kit 急救箱7on_hand 现有(尤指帮助).教材原句1The couple _ (住在我们隔壁) volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.(教材P52)答案：who live next to us2Here are some of the people _ (家园被摧毁) by the typhoon.(教材P52)答案：whose homes were destroyed3The terrible shaking of the

3、 building woke up all the people _ (那些睡着的)(教材P52)答案：who were asleep4Several days later, most of the buildings _ (那些被毁坏的) by the hurricane were repaired.(教材P52)答案：which had been damaged5The woman wrote a thankyou letter to the soldier by _ (救助她的那个人)(教材P52)答案：whom she was rescued6Whats _ (救援工作人员) doin

4、g？(教材P52)答案：the rescue worker7Shes feeding the baby _ (在地震中幸存的)(教材P52)答案：who survived the earthquake8_ (拨打紧急号码)(教材P53)答案：Call an emergency number9If you find yourself _ (处于的危险中) a forest fire, first of all, stay calm.(教材P53)答案：in danger from10We would suggest always _ (在手边存留) enough water and food f

5、or three days.(教材P53)答案：having on hand重点知识 合作探究As far as I know, the old woman survived her husband by ten years.据我所知，这位老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。These players have to survive_on their abilities. 这些运动员得靠能力才能不被淘汰。This tradition survived_from earlier times.这个传统是从早年留存下来的。Officials said there were no survivors of th

6、e plane crash.官方说这次飞机失事无一人生还。单句语法填空I dont know how you all manage to survive _ your small salary.After the plane crash, what the _ (survive) could do was wait for rescue on this desert island.If he couldnt find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of _ (survive)答案：onsurvivorssurvi

7、val(2017全国卷)I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed_down.我把小鸟放到窝里，它很快平静了下来。Try to keep_calm and just tell me what happened.镇静点，告诉我出了什么事。We admired his calmness under pressure.我们佩服他在压力下的镇静。(1)单句语法填空The most important thing is to keep _ (calm) whatever happens.答案：calm(2)单句写作在紧急情况下，我们应该保持

8、镇静，这点至关重要。We should _ in case of emergency, which matters much.答案：calm ourselves downHe was breathing only with_the_aid_of a ventilator.他只有靠呼吸器呼吸。She believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not come_to_her_aid.如果那些好心人不来帮助她，她相信这个故事会有不同的结局。 Whats this little handl

9、e in_aid_of?这个小把手有什么用？(1)单句语法填空Neighbours aided him _ money when he almost lost everything in the fire.We are collecting money _ aid of the people who have lost their homes.答案：within(2)一句多译在一位路人的帮助下，她设法走到了警察局求助。_ a passerby, she managed to walk to the police station for help. (aid n)_ a passerby, sh

10、e managed to walk to the police station for help. (aid v)答案：With the aid ofAided byLuckily, the volunteers had several ships on_hand,_which could take the people to the safety.幸运的是，志愿者手上还有几艘船，可以把人们转移到安全的地方。In a word, we should on_the_one_hand study hard, and on_the_other_hand,_pay attention to our h

11、ealth. 总之，一方面我们要努力学习，另一方面要注意我们的健康。She always had a great deal of work in_hand,_but no one ever heard her complain.她手头总有许多工作要做，但从没有人听到她发过怨言。In the days to come he will walk hand_in_hand with us. 在未来的日子里，他会跟我们手拉手一起走。单句写作一方面，我能通过做这样的事赚些钱来帮助父母，另一方面，我能从中获得一些经验，这会对我将来的生活有益。_， I can earn some money by doin

12、g it to help my parents, and _， I can gain some experience from it, which will do good to my future life.随时都有急诊服务，并提供医疗咨询。The emergency services were _ with medical advice.答案：On the one hand; on the other handon handGrammar定语从句()单句语法填空1(2018北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists _

13、had been trapped in the mountains for two days.答案：who2The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring _ he had lost on the train.答案：which3The film _ we saw last night is very frightening.答案：that/which4Your sister is the person _ you should care about.答案：who/whom5The number of people _ were ki

14、lled or injured during the earthquake reached 2 thousand.答案：that/who1在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。1who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。Here comes the girl who wants to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语)Danny is a man wh

15、o we should learn from.丹尼是我们应该学习的一个人。(作宾语)2whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is Rose.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是罗丝。(作宾语)3whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表“所属”关系， whose在定语从句中作定语。Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.任何家境贫寒，上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(作定语)

16、He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(作定语)4which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语)The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesnt work.他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)5that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who，whom，指物多用 which。This is

17、 the novel that interests me.这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost.我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)1先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。2先行词是不定代词，如all, lit

18、tle, few, much, everything, anything, nothing，none等时。Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做了。3先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine.我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。The only thing that she could do

19、was to go to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。4当先行词既指人，又指物时。We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。5当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing?你买的书中哪一

20、本对我的写作最有用？ (1)单句语法填空The first thing _ he did after arriving home was doing his homework.Is this the teacher _ rescued several students from the burning building?I bought a new computer _ price added up to more than 5,000 yuan.She told me everything _ she had heard of.答案：thatwho/thatwhosethat(2)用定语从句

21、连接两个句子(使用关系代词)Last week Mary wore the dress. Her father bought it for her._I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music._The old man likes reading the newspaper every day. It contains important information._答案：Last week Mary wore the dress that/which her father bought for her.I have a frie

22、nd who/that likes listening to classical music.The old man likes reading the newspaper which/that contains important information every day.学习效果 随堂演练.单词拼写1Its reported that the _ (台风) will land tomorrow morning. 答案：typhoon2This _ (管子) connects with a smaller one.答案：pipe3She _ (轻敲) the table with her

23、fingers.答案：tapped4The electricity _ (供应) had been cut off.答案：supply5Theyve switched off the _ (电力供应)答案：power.选词填空1Mr Blakes secretary is always _ when he appears in public. 答案：on hand2This door should only be used _.答案：in an emergency3Most families have a _ in their car and another at home. 答案：first

24、 aid kit4Several buildings in the town have _ medieval times.答案：survived from5This piece is not suitable to be played _. 答案：in the open air.单句写作1唐山再次发生了几乎和第一次一样强烈的地震。Another quake _ as strong as the first one shook Tangshan again.答案：which/that was almost2军队组织了一些小组去挖掘那些被困者并埋葬死者。The army organized tea

25、ms to dig out _ and to bury the dead.答案：those who were trapped3为那些房屋被毁的人设立了许多庇护所。Many shelters were set up for _ had been destroyed.答案：those whose homes4地震对桥梁造成了很大的破坏，这对旅行是不安全的。The earthquake did great damage to the bridges, _ for travelling.答案：which was not safe51976年唐山发生的地震震惊了全世界。The earthquake _

26、in 1976 in Tangshan shocked the people all over the world.答案：which happened课后课时作业完形填空Earthquakes are common; thousands of them happen each day. But most are _1_ weak to feel. During a _2_ earthquake, there is often a great noise first. Then the earth _3_ terribly and many houses _4_ down. Railway tr

27、acks break and trains go _5_ lines; a great many factories are _6_； thousands of deaths are caused, and many more lose homes . _7_ the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake _8_， other disasters such as fires often _9_. More buildings are destroyed and more _10_ caused.It is well known of

28、the _11_ of a possible earthquake, and for centuries man has been making researches on earthquakes. More than 2,000 years ago, _12_， a Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng _13_ a machine which could find out from which _14_ the seismic (地震的) waves had come, and this machine is still _15_ by scientists

29、 today. Now we know much more about earthquakes and _16_ they happen, but we still cannot _17_ exactly when and where an earthquake will happen, and cannot _18_ it from happening. So earthquakes are among the _19_ disasters in the world.No one can stop natural earthquakes. _20_， scientists can help

30、stop earthquakes destroying whole cities and causing too many deaths.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了地震给人类造成的损失和伤害。为了避免更多、更大的伤害，古代科学家已经研制出了地动仪来预测地震的发生；而现代科学家也在保护人类财产和人身安全方面做出了很大的贡献。1A.very BtooCquiteDso答案：B句意：但是大多数地震太微弱了，以至于人们感觉不到。too .to . “太而不能”。2A.realBweakCbigDsmall答案：C后文讲述的是强烈的地震，与前面的weak作对比，故应用big。3A.moves

31、 BshakesCburstsDbreaks答案：B由常识可知，发生地震时，地面会剧烈晃动。shake “晃动”，符合语境。4A.getBcalmCsetDfall答案：D地震导致房屋倒塌。fall down “倒塌”，符合语境。get down “下来，写下”；calm down “使平静下来”；set down “记下；写下”。5A.offBonCintoDbeneath答案：A由“Railway tracks break”可知，铁轨断了，火车脱轨了。故应用介词off。6A.burstBstruckCdestroyedDburied答案：C地震导致工厂被破坏。destroy “毁坏”，符合

32、语境。burst “爆发”；strike “袭击，攻击”；bury “埋”。7A.ExceptBBesidesCInstead of DBecause of答案：B由第8空后的“other disasters”可知，此处表示除了地震造成的损失之外，随之而来的还有其他灾难，故B项正确。besides “除了还有”，符合语境。except “除了”；instead of “代替”；because of “由于”。8A.lonelyBlaterCthemselvesDitself答案：D与后面的火灾相对应，此处强调地震“本身”造成的破坏。9A.followBcopyCcomeDenter答案：A此处

33、表示伴随地震而来的灾害，故follow “跟随”符合语境。copy “复制”；come “来”；enter “进入”。10A.quakesBdeathsCdifficultiesDresults答案：B由于火灾随之而来，这势必会增加房屋倒塌和人员死亡的数目。由上文尤其是第8空所在的句子可知B项正确。11A.informationBquestionsCdangersDruins答案：C由常识可知，地震的危险性是众所周知的。12A.as a resultBin factCfor exampleDas well答案：C下面是作者的举例，说明人们为预测地震所做的研究，故选C项。for example

34、“例如”，符合语境。as a result “结果”；in fact “实际上”；as well “也”。13A.inventedBdiscoveredCfoundDbought答案：A由常识可知，张衡发明了地动仪。invent指发明原来世上不存在的东西或事物，符合语境。14A.countryBdirectionCwayDcity答案：B地动仪可以预测地震发生的方向。direction “方向”，符合语境。country “国家”；way “方法，道路”；city “城市”。15A.improvedBrepairedCprotectedDused答案：D现代的科学家仍然在使用张衡发明的地动仪。

35、由still可知D项正确。16A.whereBwhenCwhatDwhy答案：D由后文“我们仍然无法知道地震发生的确切时间和位置”可排除A、B两项。此处指“我们已经知道了地震发生的原因”，故why符合语境。17A.speakBtellCtalkDpoint答案：Btell在此意为“知道，确切地判断”，符合语境。18A.makeBprepareCstopDlet答案：C此处语意为：无法准确预测地震什么时间、在哪里发生，也无法阻止它的发生。stop . from doing sth. “阻止做某事”。19A.worstBbestCmostDfast答案：Aworst “最坏的”；best “最好的

36、”；most “最多的”；fast “快速的”。由于无法预知地震发生的时间、地点，也无法阻止其发生，故认为它是最严重的灾害之一。20A.HoweverBButCAndDSo答案：A前后句为转折关系。故排除C、D两项；but表示转折时，其后不可用逗号。故A项正确。阅读理解Every year thousands of tourists visit Pompeii, Italy. They see the sights that Pompeii is famous forits stadium and theatres, its shops and restaurants. The tourist

37、s do not, however, see Pompeiis people. They do not see them because Pompeii has no people. No one has lived in Pompeii for almost 2,000 years.Once, Pompeii was a busy city of 22,000 people. It lay at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, a grasscovered volcano. Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, s

38、o the people of Pompeii felt safe, but they were not. In August of AD 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted. The entire top of the mountain exploded， and a huge black cloud rose into the air. Soon stones and hot ash began to fall on Pompeii. When the eruption ended, Pompeii was buried under 20 feet of stones a

39、nd ashes. Almost all of its people were dead.For centuries, Pompeii lay buried under stone and ash. Then, in the year 1861, an Italian scientist named Ginseppe began to uncover Pompeii. Slowly, carefully, Ginseppe and his men dug. The city looked almost the same as it had looked in AD 79, There were

40、 streets and fountains, houses and shops, There was a stadium with 20,000 seats, Perhaps the most important of all, there were everyday objects, which tell us a great deal about the people who lived in Pompeii. Many glasses and jars had some dark blue color in the bottom, so we know that the people

41、of Pompeii liked wine. They liked bread, too; metal bread pans were in the bakery. In one bakery there were 81 round, flat loaves of breada type of bread that is still sold in Italy today. Tiny boxes filled with a dark, shiny powder tell us that women liked to wear eyemakeup.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。庞贝是一座被火山吞没

42、的城市。由于火山突然喷发，人们来不及逃避，从而保留了当时人们生活的遗迹。参观者的目的是看一看庞贝人当时是如何生活的。1Why do large numbers of people come to Pompeii each year?ATo find the volcano.BTo shop and eat there.CTo watch sports and plays.DTo see how Pompeians lived.答案：D推理判断题。根据第一段第二句他们看到庞贝以其体育场和剧院、商店和餐馆而闻名的景象，由此可知，参观者的目的是看一看Pompeiians当时是如何生活的，故选D。2W

43、hy had so many Pompeiians remained by volcanic Mount Vesuvius?AThe city nearby offered all kinds of fun.BThe area produced the finest wine in Italy.CFew people expected the volcano to erupt again.DThe mountain was beautiful and covered with grass.答案：C细节理解题。从第二段中的“Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for c

44、enturies, so the people of Pompei felt safe, but they were not.”可以看出“几乎没有人想到火山会重新喷发”。3Why did the city uncovered look almost the same as it had looked in AD 79?AGinseppe and his men dug it slowly and carefully.BThe city was buried alive and remained untouched.CScientists successfully rebuilt the cit

45、y with everyday objects.DNobody had lived in the city ever since the volcano erupted.答案：B细节理解题。从第二、三段可知，Pompeii位于Mount Vesuvius山脚下， Mount Vesuvius是一座火山，但有多个世纪没有喷发了。人们以为它不会再喷发，但是，在公元1979年8月，火山突然喷发，整个城市被埋葬在石头和灰尘下。由于火山突然喷发，人们在毫无思想准备的情况下被埋葬了，所以保留了当时全部的情景。4What do we know about the Pompeians who lived 2,

46、000 years ago?AThey lived more or less the same as Italians now do.BThey liked women wearing all kinds of makeup.CThey enjoyed a lazy life with drinking and eating.DThey went back to Pompeii after the eruption in AD 79.答案：A推理判断题。从第三段所述参观者所看到2,000年前Pompeiians生活的情景可以得出结论，他们当时的生活状况或多或少和现在的意大利人生活的状况相似。1

47、erupt vi. 喷发；突然发生2explode vi. 爆炸；爆破；爆裂3jar n. 罐子；缸at the foot of 在的脚下语法填空An earthquake is a shaking of the ground _1_ (cause) by the sudden breaking and shifting of large sections of Earths rocky outer shell. Earthquakes are among the most _2_ (power) events on earth, and their results can be terrif

48、ying. Rock movements during an earthquake can make rivers _3_ (change) their course. Earthquakes can cause great damage and loss of _4_ (live). Large earthquakes beneath the ocean can create a series _5_ huge and destructive waves called tsunamis _6_ flood coasts for many miles. Earthquakes almost n

49、ever kill people _7_ (direct). Instead, many deaths and injuries in earthquakes result from _8_ (fall) objects and the collapse (倒塌) of buildings, bridges, and other structures. Fire caused from broken gas or power lines is another major danger during _9_ quake. Spills (溢出) of _10_ (harm) chemicals

50、are also a concern during an earthquake.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了地震形成的原因以及地震带来的危害。1caused考查非谓语动词。“地面的晃动”和“引起”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。2powerful考查词性转换。用形容词修饰名词，故填powerful。3change考查使役动词。make在这里作使役动词，后面跟动词原形，意为“使某人或某物做某事”。4life考查词性转换。用名词作宾语。5of考查固定用法。a series of是固定用法，意思是“一系列的”。6that/w

51、hich考查定语从句的引导词。这里含有一个定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，且“指物”，所以填 that/which。7directly考查词性转换。用副词修饰动词。8falling考查非谓语动词。介词之后需要使用动词的ing形式。9a考查冠词。泛指“一次地震”，且quake的首字母发音是辅音，所以填a。10harmful考查词性转换。形容词作定语，修饰名词。概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。A new study warns that about thirty percent of the worlds people may not have enough water

52、 by 2025. A private American organisation called Population Action International (PAI) did the new study. It says more than three hundred and thirtyfive million people lack enough water now. The people live in twentyeight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East. PAI researc

53、her Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three thousand million people are short of water. Eighteen more countries are expected to have serious water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on the earth stays the same.Mr Engelman says the population in countr

54、ies that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase. The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking water is not

55、 safe. Mr Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases like cholera that are carried in water. Lack of water may also lead to more international conflicts. Countries may have to fight for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from o

56、ther countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan and Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need large amounts of water when they are beginning.The Population Action International

57、 study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water of agriculture.The report also says longterm solutions to the water problem

58、 must include controls on population growth. It says countries cannot provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people have.写前导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了全球水资源短缺问题及其解决方法。精彩范文Research shows that about thirty percent of the worlds people may suffer from the short

59、age of water by 2025. Now over 335 million people in 28 countries lack enough water. (要点1) It is expected that 18 more countries will lack water in the years to come, while the amount of water remains the same and the population is growing faster. (要点2) The shortage of water will cause health problems and international conflicts. (要点3) But fortunately, ways are found to settle the problem. (要点4)- 18 - 版权所有高考资源网