2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考 专题01 名词专项练习（含解析）.doc

1、名词一、 真题分类1.My daughter helps me cook,but she isnt old enough to be left alone in the _.A.bedroom B.classroom C.lab D.kitchen【答案】：D 【解析】句意：我女儿帮我做饭，但她还没到可以独自待在厨房里的年龄。本题考查名词词义辨析。根据前句中的cook可知，这里应该说的是厨房。故选择D2.The_of this activity is to raise money for a new hospital.A.silence B.purpose C.culture D.langua

2、ge【答案】B 【解析】句意：这个活动的目的是为一所新医院募捐。本题考查名词词义辨析。silence寂静，安静；purpose目的；culture文化；language语言。由句意可知本题答案为B。3.-Sallys favorite_is orange.- I see . Thats why all her sweaters are orange .A. fruit B.color C.juice 【答案】B 【解析】句意：Sally 最喜欢的颜色是橙色。我知道，那就是为什么她所有的毛衣都是橙色的。本题考查名词词义辨析。A选项fruit意为“水果”；B选项color意为“颜色”；C选项jui

3、ce意为“果汁”。由句意可知本题选择B。（知识拓展）注意本题题干中orange一词，orange作名词，意为“橙子，橙色，橙子汁”；作形容词，意为“橙色的”。4. Dad,what is the loudspeaker saying? It is to the _ . The flight to Wuhan is boarding now .A . customers B . passengers C . members D . tourists【答案】B 【解析】句意：爸爸，喇叭里正在说什么？那是对乘客说的飞往武汉的航班正在登机。本题考查名词的词义辨析。A:顾客B:乘客；C:成员；D:游客。

4、根据关键词flight和boarding可知，此处应该是对乘客们说的话，故本题选择B。5.One_of the book is missing,so I cant learn the whole story.A.copy B.page C.writer D.reader【答案】B【解析】句意：这本书的其中一页不见了，所以我无法了解整个故事本题考查名词词义辨析。A:复制品；B:页；C:作者；D:读者。根据句意可知，其中的一页不见了，故选B。6.I go running every day.Wow ! Thats a good _ . It keeps you healthy .A . task

5、B . exercise C . habit【答案】C【解析】句意：我每天都跑步。哇！那是个好习惯。它能让你保持健康。本题考查名词。每天都坚持做一件事应该说是一种“习惯”，故选C易错警示 本题易误选B。但本题强调的重心是“每天跑步”这件事，而并非强调运动类型是“跑步”7.For his sons birthday,Steven is taking him to the new movie as aA.task B . treat C . choice D . visit【答案】B 【解析】 句意：为了庆祝儿子的生日，Steven打算带他去看新电影作为款待。本题考查名词词义辨析。A.任务；B.款

6、待；C.选择；D.拜访。as a treat 作为款待，故选B项。8.I like this song.Its by one of my favorite_.A.singers B.dancers C.painters D.writers【答案】A【解析】 句意：我喜欢这首歌。它是由我最喜欢的歌手之一演唱的。本题考查名词词义辨析。A选项意为“歌手”；B选项意为“舞者”；C选项意为“画家”；D选项意为“作家”。根据句意可知本题选择A。9.Tomorrow is Mums birthday.Lets buy some flowers for her.-OK . I know she likes _

7、 best .A. dresses B.rings C.handbags D.roses【答案】D【解析】 句意：明天是妈妈的生日。我们给她买些花吧。好的。我知道她最喜欢玫瑰。本题考查名词词义辨析。dress连衣裙；ring戒指；handbag手袋；rose玫瑰。根据上文的flowers可知，说话人打算买花，故选D项。10.-Keep quiet,son!I need complete _when Im working .-Sorry, Dad. I wont make any noise again.A. trust B.silence C.control D.strength【答案】B 【

8、解析】 句意：保持安静，儿子！我工作时需要完全的安静。对不起，爸爸。我不会再制造噪音了。本题考查名词词义辨析。trust信任；silence沉默，寂静，无声；control控制；strength力气。complete silence完全没有声音，符合题意。故选B项(思路分析）由题目中的Keep quiet以及I wont make any noise again.可知爸爸工作需要安静，此处可通过上下句的逻辑关系判定，所以考生要注意句子的含义和语境的影响11.Lucy,how about going to the_?- Sounds great ! Reading books can give

9、us much pleasure .A . library B . cinema C . museum D . concert【答案】A 【解析】 句意：露西，去图书馆怎么样？听起来很好！读书能给我们很多乐趣。本题考查名词词义辨析。答语中提到读书的好处，由此可知是提议去看书，应该去图书馆。故选A。library图书馆：cinema电影院；museum博物馆；concert音乐会12.What should we do for the camping trip?Wed better make a _ of things like foods,drinks,medicine and so on.A

10、.list B.card C.report【答案】A【解析】 句意：我们应该为野营旅行做什么？我们最好列一张诸如食物、饮料、药等物品的清单。本题考查名词。list清单；card卡片；report报道。根据后面的like foods,drinks,medicine and so on可知，此处是指列出一张清单。故选A。13.In China,the color red is the of good luck.A.dream B.way C.symbol D.reason【答案】C【解析】 句意：在中国，红色是好运的象征。本题考查名词的词义辨析。dream梦想；way方式，道路；symbol象征，

11、标志；reason理由。；根据句意可知此处应选C。14.Sir,did you enjoy your stay in our _?-Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfastA. hotel B.school C.factory D.company【答案】A【解析】 句意：先生，您在我们酒店过得愉快吗？是的，我睡得很好，我也喜欢你们的早餐。本题考查名词词义辨析。A选项意为“酒店”；B选项意为“学校”；C选项意为“工厂”；D选项意为“公司”。由句意可知本题选择A。15.He rides a bike to work every day in order

12、to keep in_.A.support B.service C.surface D.shape【答案】D 【解析】 句意：他每天骑自行车上班，目的是保持健康。本题考查名词。support支持；service服务；surface表面。keep in shape是固定搭配，意思是保持健康。故选D。知识拓展“保持健康”在英语中有很多固定搭配：keep/stay healthy;keep in good health;keep fit等二、 考点一名词词义辨析1.What is the_of your excellent spoken English ?-Practice makes perfec

13、t!A. result B.influence C.duty D.secret【答案】D 【解析】 句意：你的口语极好，秘诀是什么？熟能生巧！本题考查名词词义辨析。result结果；influence影响；duty职责；secret秘诀。回答的是学习方法，故要问口语说得好的秘诀。知识拓展 practice makes perfect是英语谚语，表示“熟能生巧”。考生要多掌握英语谚语，培养语感。如：no pain,no gain不劳则无获2.The boy has been missing for five days and his parents are worried about his _

14、 .A.attention B.safety C.action D.growth【答案】B【解析】 句意：这个男孩已经失踪5天了，他的父母很担心他的安全。本题考查名词词义辨析。attention注意力；safety安全；action行动；growth成长。根据句意选B项。3.Her smile made me feel warm and lively It was like a hidden_.A.competition B.interview C.treasure D.tradition【答案】C【解析】 句意：她的笑容使我感到温暖和活力。它就像是一个隐藏的宝藏。此题考查名词词义辨析。com

15、petition竞赛；interview面试，采访；treasure宝藏，珍宝；tradition传统。根据句意和名词含义，选择C。解题思路考生要根据上句提示进行理解，比较四个选项名词的含义，故而得出答案4.What was the_of the football match last night?-AC Milan won the gameA. value B.result C.choice D.decision【答案】B【解析】 句意：昨天晚上的足球赛的结果是什么？AC米兰赢得了这次比赛。本题考查名词辨析。value价值；result结果；choice选择；decision决定。解题关键根

16、据题干中“won the game”可知问话人想知道比赛的结果5.My teacher has given me useful suggestions and I want to thank him from the _my heart.A.bottom B.condition C.way D.surface【答案】A【解析】句意：我的老师给了我有用的建议，我想衷心地感谢他。from the bottom of ones heart衷心地，符合语境，故选A项。condition条件；way途径；surface表面。6.If the temperature is below 0water wil

17、l turn into_in the open air.A.ice B.steam C.fog D.rain【答案】A 【解析】 句意：如果温度低于零摄氏度，在户外水会变成冰。本题考查名词辨析和生活常识。根据生活常识可知，设空处意思为“冰”用ice,故选A项。steam水蒸气；fog雾；rain雨，均与题意不符。7.Dont stand too close to North Americans . Youd better give them more personal_.A.time B.system C.space D.pity【答案】C【解析】 句意：别站得离北美人太近。你最好给他们更多的

18、个人空间。本题考查名词词义辨析。A项意为“时间”，B项意为“系统”，C项意为“空间”，D项意为“遗憾”。根据句意应选C项。8.Did the policeman give much_on how to protect personal information?A.note B.tip C.advice D.book【答案】C【解析】 句意：那个警察给出了许多关于怎样保护个人信息的建议吗？本题考查名词词义辨析。note为可数名词，意为“笔记，便条”；tip为可数名词，意为“小费，窍门”；advice为不可数名词，意为“建议”；book为可数名词，意为“书”。由本空前的much可知本空应填不可数名

19、词，故本题选择C。9.You should look into his eyes when you talk to somebody. It shows your_.A.shyness B.politeness C.quietness【答案】B 【解析】 句意：当你和某人交谈的时候，你应该看着他的眼睛。这体现出你的礼貌。本题考查名词词义的辨析。根据常识可知，在与人交谈时，看着对方的眼睛是有礼貌的行为。shyness害羞，羞涩；quietness安静。知识拓展-ness是名词性后缀，没有实际含义，一般在形容词后加-ness构成抽象名词，比如happy快乐的happiness快乐；dark黑暗的d

20、arkness黑暗。10.The New Silk Road will offer a good for more nations to communicate.A.chance B.habit C.question D.price【答案】A【解析】 句意：新丝绸之路将给更多的国家提供一个交流的好机会。本题考查名词词义辨析。chance机会；habit习惯；question问题；price价格。我们知道我国倡导的丝绸之路是给各国提供友好交注的大平台。故选A项11.Your_is very helpful.I guess Ill take it.A.secret B.advice C.promi

21、se D.purpose【答案】B【解析】 句意：你的建议非常有用。我想我会采纳它。本题考查名词辨析。秘密；advice建议；promise承诺；purpose目的。根据句意可知答案12.Who is the person you admire the most?Qian Xuesen, the Father of Chinas Missiles. He is the of China Missiles . He is the _of China.A. leader B.pride C.voice【答案】B【解析】 句意：推是你最钦佩的人？钱学森，中国导弹之父。他是中国的骄傲。本题考查名词词义

22、辨析。leader领导；pride骄傲voice声音。根据句意，应选B13.-Is this photo taken in Tibet?-Yes. You can see beautiful snow mountains in the_ of the photo.A. form B.background C.shape D.introduction【答案】B【解析】 句意：这张照片是在西藏拍的吗？是的，你可以在照片的背景中看到美丽的雪山。本题考查名词词义辨析。form形式；background背景；shape形状；introduction介绍。根据句意可知选择B项。14.-How can I

23、get some_about the2016 Olympic Games?-Why not search the Internet?A. information B.experience C.practice D.success【答案】A【解析】 句意：我怎样能得到一些有关2016年奥运会的信息？你为什么不上网查一下呢？本题考查名词辨析information信息；experience经验；practice练习；success成功。根居句意可知答案为A项。解题关键本题答题的切入点是“search the Internet”，即上同搜索，也就是搜索有关2016年奥运会的信息，不能搜索“经验、练习、

24、成功”，故用排除法和常识可知应选A项15.There are lots of_ that students have to follow in school.A.exercises B.problems C.skills D.rules【答案】D 【解析】 句意：学校里有很多学生必须遵守的规则。本题考查名词义辨析。exercise练习；problem问题；skill技巧；rule规则。根据司意和关键词follow,选择D项。考点二 名词的数和所有格1.The three_upstairs are too small to have enoughA.room;room B.room;rooms

25、C.rooms;room D.rooms;rooms【答案】C【解析】 句意：楼上的三个房间都太小了，没有足够的空间放一张双人床。本题考查名词。room意为“房间”时作可数名词，意为“空间”时作不可数名词，根据句意可知答案为C。知识拓展在英语中，部分名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但两者在意义上是不同的。如：experience作可数名词时意为“经历”，作不可知名词时，意为“经验”；glass作可数名词时意为玻璃杯，不可数名词时，意为玻璃2.Hurry up!Some_and_are on sale in the supermarket.A.tomato;egg B.tomatoes;e

26、gg C.tomatoes;eggs D.tomato;eggs【答案】C 【解析】 句意：快点儿！一些西红柿和鸡蛋正在超市打折销售。本题考查名词复数。tomato和egg为可数名词且由Some修饰，应用复数形式，故选C3.-How time flies!It is two_since we met last.-So it is . I miss you so much .A. months B.monthes C.months【答案】A【解析】 句意：时间过得真快！自从我们最后一次见面经有两个月了。的确如此。我十分想念你。本题考查名词的用法。two为基数词，后加可数名词复数，month变复数

27、直接加-s,故本题选择A。4.There are a lot of _on the grassland._sheep-dog is sitting next to them.A.sheep;The B.sheep;A C.sheeps;The D.sheeps;A【答案】B【解析】 句意：在草地上有大量的羊。一只牧羊犬正坐在它们身旁。本题考查中心的身数形式与完语的用法。sheep的单复数相同C易错警示sheep绵羊，为单复数同形的名词，类似的还有deer,Chinese中国人，fish鱼等，需要引起注意。5.Many_are playing an active part in making K

28、unming a civilized city(文明城市）.A.man B.woman C.volunteer D.volunteers【答案】D【解析】 很多志愿者在使昆明成为一个文明城市上发挥着积极作用。本题考查可数名词复数的用法。根据题干中的Many可知格处应填名词的复数。故正确答案是D。6.Its sports time.Most_students in Class 1 are playing football in the playground.A . boy B . boys C . boys D . boys【答案】A【解析】 句意：到了运动时间了。一班的多数男生正在操场上踢足球

29、。本题考查名词作定语的用法。此处名词作定语修饰其他名词时一般用单数形式。7.Its easy to travel from Urumqi to Lanzhou by taking high-speed railway.-Yes . Its only _ .A. eight hours ride B.eight hours ride C.eight-hours ride D.eight hours ride【答案】D【解析】 句意：坐高铁从乌鲁木齐到兰州旅行是容易的。-是的。仅仅8个小时的旅程。本题考查名词所有格。eight hours ride=an eight-hour ride(解题思路）

30、解答本题要清楚“8个小时的旅程”的两种表达，即eight hours ride=an eight-hour ride 然后再用排除法，A项中hours没有用所有格，排除，B项hour应该先变复数后用所有格，也排除，C项hour不能用复数，D项符合要求。8.Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous_ in American_.A.symbol;culture B.symbol;cultures C.symbols;culture D.symbols;cultures【答案】C【解析】 句意：米老鼠是美国文化中最著名的象征之一。本题考查名词。“one of+th

31、e+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”意为“最之一;in American culture在美国文化中。故选择C项。知识拓展 symbol“象征”，虽然是一个抽象名词，但其实是可数的，culture“文化”，是不可数的。本题选取这两个词来考查名词复数有一定的难度。二、写出下列名词的复数形式1. Japanese_ 2. Foot_ 3. month _4. hero_5.bus_6.leaf_7.radio_8.baby_9. sheep _10. boy _11. Canadian _12. tomato_【答案】 1 . Japanese 2 . feet 3.months 4 . heroes

32、 5 . buses 6 . leaves 7 . radios 8 . babies 9 . sheep 10.boys 11. Canadians 12. tomatoes三、根据汉语提示万念成句子（每空一词）1.You were working too hard. You should keep a_(平衡） between work and relaxation.2.Beth has a lovely singing_（声音）.Listen! She is singing in the next room! 3.We aim to offer good to value and ser

33、vice to all our _(顾客）.4.I want to become a writer to write for international_（杂志）5. There is a _（书店）near our school. We often buy books there .6. Im going to the _（超市）。Let me get you some fruit.7.Im sorry to give you so much_（麻烦）8. My father has just got his driving_(执照）9. There is something excitin

34、g in _(今天的） newspaper.10.I can give you_ _ _ _（三条建议）【答案】 1.balance 2. Voice 3 . customers 4.magazines 5.bookstore/bookshop 6.supermarket 7.trouble 8.licence/permit 9 . todays 10.three pieces of advice四、用下列所给词的适当形式填空diet dog camera seat eye newspaper rest ice cream man teacher universe1. Its hot. Let

35、s have some _2. So far, spaceships without people have reached the moon and some other parts of the_.3 . Have you read the _?5. When I hurriedly got to the station, the lady told me that there were no _left on the train.6 . Could you lend me your _ ? I want to take some photos .7 . There are a lot o

36、f _ in our school . They work very hard.8. Im tired after the long walk. I want to have a(n)_.9 . In order to stay fit , people pay more attention to their _ .10. Something is wrong with my_. I cant see anything around me.【答案】 1 . ice cream 2. Universe 3. newspaper(s) 4.dogs 5.seats 6.camera 7.men t

37、eachers 8.rest 9.diet(s) 10.eyes五、用所给词的适当形式填空1._(child)Day is just around the corner. 2. Computers can work out difficult_(problem) more quickly than humans.3.All the_(hero)are great people. We should remember them forever.4.We will go to my_(uncle) for dinner this Saturday.5. All the women_(teacher

38、) enjoy themselves on March 8th , because it is their own holiday.7. There are many _(rose) in the garden.3.How many_(potato)are there in the basket?9 . My daughter only had three _ ( slice ) of bread for supper .10 . Jack finally finished the race because of his _ ( mother ) encouragement .【答案】 1.

39、Childrens 2.problems 3.heroes 4. uncles 5.teachers6.shelves 7.roses 8.potatoes 9.slices 10.mothers六、将下列汉语译成英语1.玛丽的姑妈_ 2.今天的报纸_3.中国的天气_ 4.世界人口_5.儿童玩具_ 6.一片面包_7.四个德国人_ 8.三杯橙汁_9.你的那辆汽车_ 10.一张建筑物的图画_【答案】 1. Marys aunt 2.todays newspaper3. Chinas weather/the weather of China 4. the worlds population/the population of the world5.childrens toys 6.a slice/piece of bread7.four Germans 8.three glasses/cups of orange juice9.that/the car of yours 10.a picture of a building