2019-2020学年人教版英语必修一讲义：UNIT 4　SECTION Ⅰ WARMING UP .doc

1、1976年7月28日，唐山市发生了强度里氏7.8级的地震，这是20世纪死伤率最大的地震之一。1976 Tangshan EarthquakeAt 3：42 am, an earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 magnitude on the Richter scale flattened Tangshan, a Chinese industrial city with a population of about one million. As almost everyone was asleep in their beds, instead of o

2、utside in the relatively safe streets, the quake was especially costly in terms of human life. Its estimated that about 242，000 people in Tangshan and surrounding areas were killed, making the earthquake one of the deadliest in recorded history.In the days before the earthquake, wellwater levels ros

3、e and fell. Rats were seen running in panicked(恐慌的) packs in broad daylight. Chickens refused to eat. During the evening of July 27 and the early morning hours of July 28, people reported flashes of colored light and roaring(轰鸣的) fireballs.At 3：42 am, most people were sleeping quietly when the earth

4、quake struck. It lasted for 1416 seconds and leveled 90 percent of Tangshans buildings. At least a quarterofamillion people were killed and 160，000 were injured. The earthquake came during the heat of midsummer, and many frightened survivors climbed out of their ruined houses naked, covered only in

5、dust and blood. The earthquake started fires and lit explosive and poisonous gases in Tangshans factories. Water and electricity were cut off and rails and roads accessible to the city were destroyed.The Chinese government was illprepared for a disaster of this scale at that time. The day following

6、the quake, helicopters and planes began dropping food and medicine into the city. About 100，000 soldiers of the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army were ordered to Tangshan, and many had to march on foot from Jinzhou, a distance of more than 180 miles. About 30，000 medical personnel were called in, alon

7、g with 30，000 construction workers. In the decisive first week after the disaster, many people died from lack of medical care.Tangshan was eventually rebuilt with sufficient earthquake precautions.Section Warming Up & ReadingComprehending重点单词写作词汇1.earthquake n地震2.burst vi.爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发3.million n.百

8、万4.event n.事件；大事5.ruin n.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产6.destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭7.rescue n& vt.援救；营救8.trap vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境9.disaster n.灾难；灾祸10.bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏11.shelter n.掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处12.electricity n.电；电流；电学拓展词汇13.nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.国家的；全国性的14.suffering n苦难；痛苦suffer v遭受15.extreme adj.极度的extremely adv.极端地；很；非常地

9、16.injure vt.损害；伤害injury n伤害17.useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的useful adj.有用的use n用途 v使用18.shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊shocked adj.震惊的；震撼的shocking adj.令人震惊的19.dirt n污垢；泥土dirty adj.脏的， 肮脏的20.mine n矿；矿山；矿井miner n矿工阅读词汇21.well n井22.crack n.裂缝；噼啪声vt.& vi.(使)开裂；破裂23.smelly adj.发臭的，有臭味的24.farmyard n.农场；农家25.pi

10、pe n.管；导管26.canal n运河；水道27.steam n.蒸汽；水汽28.brick n.砖；砖块29.dam n.水坝；堰堤30.track n.轨道；足迹；痕迹重点短语1.right away立刻；马上2.as if仿佛；好像3.at an end结束；终结4.in ruins严重受损；破败不堪5.dig out掘出；发现6.a (great) number of许多；大量的重点句型1.tooadj.to.由于太而不In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat(由于太紧张而不吃东

11、西).2.It seems/seemed as if.看起来似乎It seemed as if(看起来似乎) the world was at an end！3.everywhere引导让步状语从句Everywhere they looked(无论他们朝哪里看) nearly everything was destroyed.4.not与all连用表示部分否定All hope was not lost(不是所有的希望都破灭了). FastreadingSkim the text and choose the best answer.1Whats the main idea of the tex

12、t?AA terrible earthquake of Tangshan.BBefore the earthquake of Tangshan.CDuring the earthquake of Tangshan.DDamages of the earthquake of Tangshan.答案：A2Find out the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1 AThe earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.Para.2 BThe earthquake happened and cause

13、d deaths or injuries in Tangshan.Para.3 CHelp came soon after the quakes.Para.4 DNo one paid attention though strange things happened.答案：DBAC CarefulreadingRead the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.1The first paragraph implies that _Apeople didnt think too much of the

14、earthquakeBpeople were made to lose their sense by the sudden big earthquakeCpeople didnt realize that a terrible earthquake happened in such a short timeDpeople didnt think an earthquake could bring such great damage2The title “A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP” means _Athe earth was awake all night lo

15、ngBa terrible earthquake happened that nightCpeople on the earth couldnt fall asleep that nightDanimals on the earth couldnt fall asleep that night3Which of the following words can best describe the feelings of the writer?APitiful and hopeless.BSorrowful and hopeful.CHopeful and shocked.DMerciful an

16、d delighted.答案：13.CBB StudyreadingAnalyze the following sentences in the text that may be difficult to understand.1Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.翻译老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方躲藏。2But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.翻译但是，

17、唐山市的100万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。3People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 翻译人们开始疑惑，这场灾难还会持续多久。4The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 翻译部队组织小分队将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。wellweln.井riserazvi.上升；增加(不及物动词，不用于被动语态)crackkrkn.裂缝；噼啪声vt.&vi.(使)开裂；破裂smellysmel

18、adj.发臭的；有臭味的farmyardfmjdn.农场；农家pipepapn.管；导管burstbstvi.(burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发n突然破裂；爆发millionmljnn.百万think little of认为没什么了不起，对满不在乎eventventn.事件；大事as if仿佛；好像at an end结束；终结directly adv.正好，恰好nationnenn.民族；国家；国民cut across 横穿；抄近路穿越canalknln.运河；水道steamstimn.蒸汽；水汽dirtdtn.污垢；泥土ruinrunn.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产in ruins严重

19、受损；破败不堪sufferingsfrn.苦难；痛苦6extremekstrimadj.极度的7twothirds 三分之二当分数的分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。8injurendvt.损害；伤害9the number of. 的数量a number of很多，许多，大量:survivorsvavn.幸存者；生还者；残存物;destroydstrvt.破坏；毁坏；消灭destructiondIstrknn.破坏；毁灭coverkv(r)vt.覆盖；报道；行走(一段路程)?damdmn.水坝；堰堤tracktrkn.轨道；足迹；痕迹Auselessjuslsadj.无用的；无效的；无益的Bten

20、s of thousands of 数以万计的Cshocked adj.惊愕的，受震惊的shockkvt.& vi. (使)震惊；震动n休克；打击；震惊Dquakekwekn.地震Erescuereskjun.&vi.援救；营救Ftraptrpvt.使陷入困境n陷阱；困境be trapped in被困在中Gelectricitylektrstn.电；电流；电学Hwonderwnd(r)v.琢磨；想知道n奇观；惊奇Idisasterdzstn.灾难；灾祸Jdig out 掘出；发现Kburybervt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏Lto the north of. 相当于north of.，意为“位于以北”

21、。Mminermann.矿工N be rescued from. 被从中解救出O minemann.矿；矿山；矿井P sheltereltn.掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处【核心素养链接文化采风】地震是造成人员死亡最多的自然灾害。全球每年发生约500万次地震，有感地震占1%。在有感地震中，仅100次左右造成灾害，而且全球85%的地震发生在海洋中，15%发生在大陆上。全球地震主要分布在环太平洋地震带和欧亚地震带，集中了80%的7级以上地震。中国、日本、伊朗、土耳其、美国、印尼等国都是地震灾害严重的国家。A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEPStrange things were hap

22、pening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells roseand fell，rose and fell.Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracksin them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.In the farmyards， the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.Mice ran out

23、 of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds.At about 3：00 am on July 28，1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some bu

24、ildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events， were asleep as usual that night.现在分词短语looking for places to hide作伴随状语。when引导时间状语从句，even用在when前起加强语气的作用。who在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the one million people of the city。At 3：42 am everything began to shake.I

25、t seemed as ifthe world was at an end！Eleven kilometres directly below the city one of the greatest earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometres away. Onethird of the nationfelt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty

26、 metres wide cut acrosshouses, roads and canals.Steamburst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.The sufferingof the people was extreme6. Twothirds7of them died or were injured8during the earthquake.Thousands of famili

27、es were killed and many children were left without parents.The number of9people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400，000.which在此引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Beijing。that在此引导定语从句，先行词为A huge crack, that在从句中作主语，不可省略。But how could the survivors:believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked near

28、ly everything was destroyed;. All of the citys hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gonethe ground like red autumn leaves.No wind，however，could blow them away. Two dams?fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling.The railway trackswere no

29、w uselessApieces of steel.Tens of thousands ofBcows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were shockedC.Then，later that afternoon, another big quakeD which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tan

30、gshan.Some of the rescueE workers and doctors were trappedFunder the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricityGwere hard to get. People began to wonderHhow long the disasterIwould last.Everywhere在此用作连词，引导地点状语从句，相当Wherever。Water, food, and electricity were hard to get为“主语系动词adj.动词

31、不定式”结构，其中Water, food, and electricity是get的逻辑宾语，动词不定式to get用主动形式表达被动含义。All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.The army organized teams to dig outJthose who were trapped and to bur

32、yK the dead. To the north ofL the city, most of the 10，000 minersMwere rescued fromN the coal minesO there. Workers built sheltersP for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.All.not.相当于Not all.，表

33、示部分否定，意为“并非所有的都”。who在此引导定语从句，先行词为those。当先行词those指人时，只用who引导定语从句，不用that。关系代词whose引导定语从句，whose在从句中作homes的定语。其中whose homes可换成of whom the homes。地球的一个不眠之夜河北省东北部的农村不断有怪事发生。三天来，村子里的井水升升降降、起起伏伏。农民们注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒出臭气。农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪由于太紧张而不吃东西。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方躲藏。鱼缸和池塘里的鱼往外跳。1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，有人看到空中出现一道道亮光。即使空中没有

34、飞机，在唐山市外也可以听到飞机的声音。在市内，有些建筑物里的水管出现裂缝并爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的100万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来。仿佛到了世界末日！20世纪最大的地震之一就在唐山市正下方11千米处爆发了。在200多千米以外的北京也感觉到了震动，全国三分之一的地方都有震感。一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房屋、道路和水道。蒸汽从地上的洞里冒了出来。坚硬的岩石山变成了泥沙河。在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就成了废墟。人们遭受了极大的苦难。三分之二的人在地震中丧生或受伤。成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。死亡和重伤人数达到40

35、多万。然而，幸存者又怎么能相信这是自然的呢？人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。市内所有的医院、75%的工厂和建筑以及90%的住宅都不复存在了。砖块就像秋天的红叶一样覆盖着大地，不过风没法刮走它们。两座水坝垮了，大多数桥梁不是塌了，就是无法安全通行了。铁轨如今变成了一块块废钢。数以万计的奶牛再也不能产奶了，50万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。接着，那天下午晚些时候，强度几乎和第一次地震一样的又一次大地震在唐山爆发了。一些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。更多的建筑倒塌了。水、食物和电都很难获得。人们开始疑惑，这场灾难还会持续多久。不是所有的希望都破灭了。地震发

36、生后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山协助救援工作。数十万的人得到了救助。部队组织小分队将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。在唐山市以北的地区，1万名矿工中的大部分被从煤矿中救了出来。救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者建了避难所。火车、卡车和飞机给这座城市运来了淡水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。 阅读理解AThe trouble started at 9：30 pm last New Years Eve, in Newmark. When the fire engines(消防车) arrived at the fire, a very old woman was sitting in a thi

37、rd floor window. The firefighters placed a ladder(梯子) against the wooden house, and 26yearold Marcus Reddick climbed 35 feet to the third floor.The woman, 60 years old and very fat, was sitting with both feet out of the window. When Marcus reached the top of the ladder, the woman, afraid and nervous

38、, put her two legs around him. Suddenly Marcus fell backwards off the ladder, with the large woman sitting on him. Marcus landed firsthitting a wall beside the front stairsand broke the womans fall. She fell no more, but he fell another ten feet down the stairs. When the fire officer reached him, Ma

39、rcus was unconsciousWithin an hour, a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead, and would only get worse. Doctors talked of turning off the lifesaving machine and asked if the family would like to give away his heart. The answer was “yes”On January 6, firefighters lifted Marcus coffin(棺

40、材)covered with an American flagonto a yellow fire engine. Hundreds of firefighters from all over the state joined the procession(行列) through Newmark streets. Children watched silently from school windows. The day Marcus died, his heart was given away to a young girl. His family said that it was the

41、second life Marcus had saved.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位消防员在救人的过程中不幸牺牲的故事。1What happened last New Years Eve in Newmark?AAn old woman was killed.BA fire engine was missing.CA firefighter was murdered.DA wooden house caught fire.D解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的the fire engines(消防车) arrived at the fire和The firefighters p

42、laced a ladder(梯子) against the wooden house可知，一座木制房屋着火了，故选D项。2After reaching the top of the ladder, Marcus_Awas very afraid and nervousBcouldnt see anything clearlyCfound it difficult to get downDwas knocked off and got hurtD解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的Marcus fell backwards off the ladder和第三段中的a doctor told the

43、men that Marcus was nearly brain dead可知，Marcus从梯子上摔下来后受了重伤，故选D项。3The underlined word “unconscious” in Paragraph 2 means “_”Ahomeless BsenselessCbreathless DhelplessB解析：词义猜测题。由第三段中的Within an hour, a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead可知，Marcus当时失去了意识，故选B项。4We can infer from the end

44、of the text that Marcus family might feel _Asad but proudBshy but excitedCangry and doubtfulDworried and surprisedA解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的The day Marcus died, his heart was given away to a young girl.His family said that it was the second life Marcus had saved.可推知，Marcus的家人对他的离世感到很伤心，不过对于将他的心脏捐赠给一个女孩这件事感到很

45、自豪，故选A项。BA series of small earthquakes have shaken central Nebraska and become the talk of the area. According to the information on a website, there have been several quakes since the 9th this month in the heart of the state, centered on the town Arnold, which is about 225 miles west of the capital

46、 Lincoln. The first, a 3.3magnitude(震级) quake, happened early that morning, followed by three on the following day, another on Sunday, and then the most recent earthquake on Monday. The strongest quake was the first one that struck on the 10th, which reached a magnitude of 3.7. The earthquakes were

47、found about three miles below the surface. There havent been any reports of human injury or damage of buildings caused by the quakes, according to KWBE, a radio station.“It is just kind of strange，” Becky Dailey, treasurer of the Arnold Chamber of Commerce, told that station, adding that people arou

48、nd town are running around and talking about the frequent quakes. Actually small quakes like these are not unusual. Just two minutes before Nebraskas most recent earthquake, a separate one shook a city in the Dominican Republic, reaching a magnitude of 2.5. A couple of hours later, a 2.7magnitude ea

49、rthquake hit an area near Aguanga, in Southern Californias Riverside County. There were two more that day in different areas of Puerto Rico: a 2.9magnitude quake and a 3.1magnitude quake. Those were all small, but stronger quakes regularly rock the worldjust not so often.Earthquakes are usually caus

50、ed when rock underground suddenly breaks. This sudden release of energy causes the waves that make the ground shake. Two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing(摩擦) against each other. After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that is built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake

51、happens.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。在美国的内布拉斯加州一连发生了六次小地震，本文介绍了这些地震的相关情况。5What do we know about the quakes in Nebraska?AThere were six quakes in all.BThey all happened within 24 hours.CThey were centered on the capital Lincoln.DThe biggest one reached a magnitude of 4.0.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“The first, a 3.3magnitude(

52、震级) quake, happened early that morning, followed by three on the following day, another on Sunday, and then the most recent earthquake on Monday.”可知，一共爆发了六次小地震。6According to KWBE, the quakes in Nebraska most probably _Acaused many buildings to fallBcaused damage to the cropsCwere not felt by the loc

53、alsDwere not dangerousD解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“There havent been any reports of human injury or damage of buildings caused by the quakes, according to KWBE”可知，这些小地震都不危险。7What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?AThat no human got injured in the quakes.BThat quakes happened there

54、so frequently.CThat an earthquake took place in the state.DThat people kept talking about the quakes.B解析：代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“.adding that people around town are running around and talking about the frequent quakes.”可知，“It”指的是频繁发生地震的现象。这种现象在Becky Dailey看来是很奇怪的。8What does the author want to show by mention

55、ing the quakes in Paragraph 2?ASo many quakes happened on the 9th.BSmall quakes can be easier to find now.CNo big earthquakes happened these days.DSmall quakes are actually very common.D解析：写作意图题。根据第二段的“Actually small quakes like these are not unusual.”可知，后面提到那些小地震都是为了证明这一点。 完形填空When I was little, my

56、 mom read me a bedtime story almost every night. However, one night, my mom found she had _1_ to read to me, so she _2_ a copy of Charlie Browns Cyclopedia. She started to read the questions and answers in the book. The book _3_ the knowledge from the human body to the space in a way even a 5yearold

57、 child could _4_. From then on, I couldnt _5_ to read the next volume(册)As I grew older, I read more _6_ of this kind. I read them not because they were as _7_ as stories, but because they offered much knowledge I had never _8_ before. In high school, I was interested in biology, physics and math _9

58、_ politics or computer science. Most students liked travelling or playing outside after _10_. For myself, I was still immersed in(沉浸于) the _11_ of science. I was _12_ to have an excellent biology teacher through high school, who saw my _13_ in biology, and told me that good students like me ended up

59、 doing something called “research”. So I _14_ took biotechnology(生物技术) in college. I worked hard in a research lab, which _15_ me a lot in my career._16_ I graduated from college, I wanted to _17_ a famous research institute. Luckily, I was _18_. I am always thinking that if my mom had not read the

60、science book to me that night, I could not have become a biologist. So never _19_ every little event! Maybe the event will change your _20_ in life.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。在作者小时候，母亲有一次无意给他读了一本百科全书系列的书籍，这让他喜欢上了科普书籍。这次偶然的事件改变了作者的人生轨迹。1A.everything BnothingCsomething DanythingB解析：根据下文的“.a copy of Charlie Browns

61、Cyclopedia. She started to read the questions and answers in the book.”可知，母亲发现“没有什么”可以读给作者听的。2A.talked about Bwrote aboutCpicked up Dheld upC解析：根据语境可知，于是母亲“挑选”了查理布朗的百科全书这本书。3A.explained BusedCchose DdividedA解析：根据语境可知，这本书用五岁孩子可以理解的方式“解释”了从人体到太空的知识。4A.prove BunderstandCdescribe DpredictB解析：根据语境可知，这本书用

62、五岁孩子可以“理解”的方式解释了从人体到太空的知识。5A.expect BaffordCwait DstopC解析：根据上下文内容可知，从那以后，作者“等”不及想要读下一册。6A.questions BadvertisementsCstories DbooksD解析：根据上文的“.in the book.”可知，随着年龄的增长，作者读了更多此类的“书”。7A.simple BinterestingCknowledgeable DshortB解析：根据语境可知，作者读这些书并不是因为它们和故事一样“有趣”。8A.known BcomparedCtranslated DtaughtA解析：根据语境

63、可知，这些书里有作者以前从不“知道”的知识。9A.in addition to Binstead ofCbecause of Din line withB解析：根据语境可知，作者高中时对生物、物理和数学感兴趣，“而不是”对政治和计算机科学感兴趣。10A.lunch BdinnerCresearch DschoolD解析：根据上文的“.travelling or playing outside.”可知，大多数学生喜欢“放学后”游览或在外面玩。11A.love BviewCmoment DmemoryA解析：根据语境可知，作者却仍然沉浸于对科学的“喜爱”中。12A.confused BupsetC

64、afraid DfortunateD解析：根据下文的“.have an excellent biology teacher through high school.”可知，作者很“幸运”高中时有一个非常好的生物老师。13A.challenge BdoubtCtalent DprogressC解析：根据语境可知，老师看到了作者在生物方面的“天赋”。14A.mistakenly BfinallyCactually DwiselyB解析：根据语境可知，所以“最终”作者大学时选择了生物技术专业。15A.helped BimpressedCpuzzled DtouchedA解析：根据“I worked

65、hard in a research lab.”可知，这对作者的职业生涯“帮助”很大。16A.Although BIfCAfter DOnceC解析：根据下文的“.I graduated from college, I wanted to.”可知，大学毕业“后”，作者想要进一家著名的研究所。17A.build BintroduceCjoin DattractC解析：根据语境可知，作者想要“加入”一家著名的研究所。18A.influenced BinvitedCforgotten DacceptedD解析：根据Luckily可知，作者被“录取”了。19A.ignore BattendCjudge DperformA解析：根据语境可知，所以不要“忽视”每一件小事！20A.state BluckCfeeling DpathD解析：根据上下文内容可知，也许这件小事会改变你的人生“道路”。