2019-2020学年人教版英语必修三新素养同步讲义：UNIT 4 ASTRONOMY SECTION Ⅱ　WARMING UP .doc

1、Section Warming Up & ReadingLanguage Pointsviolentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的(教材P25)The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.(此后)地球(活动)变得如此剧烈以至于(人们)不知道这个(固体)形状是否会继续存在下去。(1)violent crimes/behaviour暴力犯罪/行为a violent storm暴风骤雨(2)violently adv.猛烈地；凶狠地(3)violence n.暴力，暴行；(

2、感情)强烈He was caught in a violent storm yesterday.他昨天碰上了暴风雨。She had a violent quarrel with her husband because of the housework.因为家务活她与丈夫发生了激烈的争吵。即学即练单句语法填空We firmly believe that war never settles anything.It only leads to violence(violent)(2018北京卷)However, anger can easily turn violent(violence), and

3、 it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.in time及时；终于；迟早(教材P25)They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earths atmosphere.(爆炸)最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。on time准时at times有时in no time立

4、刻，马上at no time决不at a time每次；一次at one time一度，曾经You will succeed in time as long as you dont give up.只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时赶到来抢救他的生命。即学即练用time的相关短语填空You will benefit from reading in timeThe rescue teams were sent to the spot in no timeAll these gifts must be maile

5、d immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.At one time,I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be free from them.unlikeprep.与不同；不像(教材P26)Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.在像火星这样的其他行星上也出现过水，但和地球不同的是

6、，这些水后来都消失了。(1)Its unlike sb. to do sth.做某事不像某人平常的样子(2)unlikely adj.不可能的Unlike her younger brother, she is more hardworking.和她弟弟不同的是，她更刻苦。It is unlike her to be so patient with children.对孩子那么有耐心不像她平常的样子。即学即练单句语法填空Its unlike(like) him to be late, he is usually on time.I have learned that Mr. Brown dis

7、agrees with you. Your suggestion is unlikely(like) to be accepted under present condition.链接写作高考小作文(2018全国卷)如果你不懂中国的餐桌礼仪，你有可能使你的朋友感到尴尬。It is likely that you will make your friends feel embarrassed if you dont know Chinas table manners.harmfuladj.有害的；造成伤害的(教材P26)What many scientists believe is that t

8、he continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(1)be harmful to对有害(2)harmless adj.无害的，不致伤害的be harmless to对无害的(3)harm n.伤害；危害vt.对有害do harm to sb.do sb.harm对某人有害There is no harm in doing sth.不妨做某事。

9、Its harmful to your eyes to read books in the sun.在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。In my opinion, the bacteria are harmless to humans.依我看来，这种细菌对人类无害。即学即练单句语法填空As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful(harm) to ones health.As far as Im concerned, there is no harm in making an apology to him first.链接写作一句多译有些男生对玩电脑游戏

10、简直到了痴迷的程度， 这对他们的健康非常有害。Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful to their health(定语从句；harmful)Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, and it does great harm to their health(harm)existvi.存在；生存(教材P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the ea

11、rth for more than 140 million years.它们也产卵，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(1)exist in.存在于中exist on.靠生活/生存There exists.某地有(2)existence n.存在；生活come into existence产生；成立；开始存在We cant exist without air, food or water.没有空气、食物和水我们就不能生存。He finds it hard to exist on the money hes earning.他发现靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。即学即练单句语法填空The parking

12、 place for bikes was an existing(exist) problem for a long time in our school. As is known to us, there exists(exist) a generation gap between the young and the old.Nowadays, there are still many people wondering when the earth came into existence(exist)in ones turn轮到某人(教材P26)Thus they have, in thei

13、r turn, become the most important animals on the planet.于是，他们接着成了这个星球上最重要的动物。(1)in turn依次地；轮流地；转而；反过来by turns轮流；交替地(2)take turns doing/to do sth.轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。When it was in my turn, I was too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动得说不出话来。They, in their turn, accounted for the reason why

14、 the plan was a failure.他们接着解释了这项计划失败的原因。即学即练单句语法填空They took turns to look (look) after their parents.I think its my turn to drive(drive) the kids to school this week.The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns.Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.prevent.from.阻止；制止(

15、教材P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。(1)prevent/stop/keep.from doing sth.阻止做某事(2)protect.from保护不受侵袭；挡住；防御(3)keep.doing sth.使一直做某事His advice prevented/kept/stopped me from mak

16、ing a serious mistake.他的忠告使我避免犯一个严重的错误。No one can prevent this plan from being carried out.谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。即学即练单句语法填空He wears sunglasses to protect his eyes from the sunlight.We should take effective measures to prevent the river from being polluted(pollute)They were stopped from entering(enter) the b

17、urning building.(1)在主动语态中keep.from.中的from不可省，prevent.from.和stop.from.中的from可省。(2)在被动语态中，这几个短语中的from都不可省。puzzlen谜；难题；困惑vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难(教材P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球上生命的起源是科学家们难以解决的最大疑惑之一。(1)be in a puzzle感到困惑be a puzzle to sb.对某

18、人来说是个谜(2)puzzle about/over苦苦思考(3)puzzled adj.困惑的，迷惑不解的puzzling adj.令人迷惑不解的What puzzled me was how the accident could have happened.令我感到困惑的是怎么会发生这样的事故。Im in a puzzle as to how to get along with him.对于如何和他相处使我感到困惑。即学即练单句语法填空You must have been troubled by when to say “I love you” because it is one of t

19、he greatest puzzles(puzzle) in our life.Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.These scientists have been puzzling about/over how to solve the environmental problem.The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling maths problem.(puzzle)what引导主语从句(教材P25)What it was

20、 to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.它将变成什么还不确定。直到45亿38亿年前，这团尘埃稳定下来变成了固态的球体。(1)what引导主语从句，主干句是What it was to become was uncertain。(2)此处“be不定式”结构表示将来注定会发生的事。What I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my pare

21、nts.我想告诉你的是我对父母深深的爱和尊敬。He was to become interested in economy as he was brought up in a businessmans family.他注定会对经济感兴趣，因为他在一个商人的家庭中长大。即学即练单句语法填空What made her happy was that she won the game in such an important match.He was to regret(regret) that decision for the rest of his life.“make it(adj.)to do

22、”结构(教材P26)This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。句型make itadj./n.for sb. to do，其中it作形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。(1)makeit形容词/名词to do不定式makeit形容词/名词that从句(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有think, consider, find, feel等。We have made it a habit to walk after supper.我们每天晚饭后散步已

23、成习惯。I must make it clear that Ill always support you.我必须说清楚我会一直支持你。即学即练单句语法填空I find it hard to remember (remember) these words in a short time.He makes it a rule to get(get) up at six every day.链接写作完成句子你在从事志愿者工作方面有丰富的经验， 我认为你申请这份工作是个好主意。You have much experience in voluntary work so that I find it a

24、good idea for you to apply for_the position.学生用书P72 品句填词1The computer system(系统) broke down and we need to have it repaired.2As is known to us all, there are different kinds of religions(宗教) in the world.3The atmosphere(氛围) of the picnic is very friendly. Children are having fun with each other.4Che

25、mical pollution will pose a threat to agriculture, food chain(链) and human health.5Eating too much sugar is harmful(有害的) to your teeth.6What puzzles(使困惑) me is why the couple had a violent quarrel last night. I have the impression that they always get along well with each other.7Opportunities exist(

26、存在) in our company for experienced engineers.8He is quite patient with his children, unlike(不像) his wife.9Fresh air is fundamental(基础的) to good health, so we should make every effort to improve air quality.10He has broken the world record, thus(因此) winning his first gold medal. 完成句子1我们一定要采取措施使这样的事不再

27、发生。We must take steps to prevent such things from happening again.2他在音乐方面很有天赋，注定会成为一名优秀的音乐家。He has a great gift for music and is to become an excellent musician.3很多在线学校能让学生根据自己的节奏学习。Many online schools allow students to study at their own pace.4此外，阅读使我们思想充实，使我们过上有意义的生活成为可能。Whats more, reading enrich

28、es our minds and makes it possible for us to live a meaningful life.5这些船捕捞大量的鱼类，根本不让它们有产卵的时间。These boats caught a lot of fish without giving them time to lay eggs6只有努力学习，你才能在考试中取得优异的成绩。Only by studying hard can you get excellent grades in your exams. 课文语法填空Its widely accepted that the universe began

29、 with a “Big Bang”. For several billion years after 1.the “Big Bang”， the earth was still just a cloud of dust, 2.which settled into a solid globe between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago. The earth became so 3.violent(violence) that it exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time 4.to produc

30、e(produce) carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases. They were to make the earths atmosphere. When the earth cooled down, water began to appear on the earth, which made it possible for life to develop.Many millions of years later, the first 5.extremely(extreme) small plants began to ap

31、pear on the surface of the water. They produced oxygen, which encouraged the later 6.development(develop) of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. With green plants 7.appearing(appear) on land, insects, amphibians and reptiles appeared one 8.after another. After that, dinosaurs appeared. However, t

32、hey suddenly disappeared 65 million years ago. 9.Their(they) disappearance made mammals rise on the earth.Finally about 2.6 million years ago, humans appeared on the earth. They have caused the earth to become hot. 10.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend

33、on whether global warming can be solved.学生用书P127(单独成册) 单句语法填空1The plant Professor Li is studying exists(exist) only in Australia.2The course is designed to help students to understand the structure of those two systems(system)3Scientists developed several theories(theory) on what else might determin

34、e which hand you write with.4Because of the violent(violence) wind, many people couldnt go to work.5The fouryearold Russian girl has drawn global(globe) attention for her great gift for languages.6Unlike(like) the tradition in the West, the family name in China is put first, which is followed by the

35、 given name.7The air is harmful(harm) to health, so you mustnt enter the room.8Over the past ten years, Mr. Green has multiplied(multiply) his money many times.9We were puzzled(puzzle) about the sudden disappearance of our guide at that moment.10The government is spending billions(billion) of dollar

36、s on new rail projects. 阅读理解AIf parents bring up a child with the aim of turning the child into a genius(天才), they will cause great damage to him. According to several leading educational experts, this is one of the biggest mistakes that some parents make. Generally, the child will understand very w

37、ell what the parents expect, and will fall. Unrealistic(不现实的) expectations of the parents can cause great damage to children.However, if parents are not unrealistic about what they expect their children to do, but are hopeful in a sensible(明智的) way, the child may succeed in doing very wellespecially

38、 if the parents are very supportive to their children.Michael Lis is very lucky. He is very fond of music and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and let him attend piano and violin lessons. Although Michaels mother knows very little about music, his father is a good musician. Howev

39、er, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling.Michaels friend, Winston Chen, however, is not so lucky. Although both his parents are successful musicians, they set too high a standard for Winston. They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him for

40、every piano competition held. They are very unhappy when he does not win.“When I was your age I used to win every competition I enter.” Winstons father tells him. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要论述的是父母在抚养孩子的过程中，对孩

41、子期望过高会对孩子的成长和发展造成伤害，并举了两个例子来说明父母的正确做法是什么，对孩子有什么好处，而错误做法会对孩子造成什么样的伤害。1The main idea of the passage is _Awhat differences there are between parentsBwhat aim of a child can be easier to reachCwhat parents should make a child a musicianDhow parents should bring up their childrenD解析：主旨大意题。本文主要论述的是父母在抚养孩子

42、的过程中，对孩子期望过高，会对孩子的成长和发展造成伤害，并举例说明了父母的正确做法，故D项为本题答案。2Michael is lucky because _Ahis parents help him in a sensible wayBhis family is rich enough to have a carChis father is a successful musicianDhe is free to do anything he likes bestA解析：推理判断题。从第二段的“but are hopeful in a.supportive to their children”可

43、知，这是好的父母的做法，而第三段接着举例说明了这个好的做法。因此A项为本题答案。3Winstons parents set so high a standard for him that _Ahe has to do his best to do everythingBhe had made greater progress in musicChe is afraid he may disappoint themDhe often wants to kill himself somedayC解析：推理判断题。从文章的最后一句“Winston is always afraid that he w

44、ill disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.”可知答案。4It is one of the parents worst mistakes if they _Awant their child to be a musicianBmake their child try to achieve too muchCdont care their childs education muchDhelp their child to win music competitionsB解析：细节理解题。从第一段的“If par

45、ents bring up a child.that some parents make.”可知答案。BThe car can be a killer. In the US, 36, 675 people died in traffic accidents in 2014. The year before, 2.3 million people were injured in traffic accidents. And during the past ten years, electronic monitoring(监控) programs have been widely used in

46、order to reduce the number of accidents. It is mainly aimed at drivers who run red lights.In a study I coauthored with Paul J. Fisher, we examined all policerecorded traffic accidents in three large Texas cities over a 12year periodhundreds of thousands of accidents. We found they didnt reduce the t

47、otal number of car accidents as well as the total number of people injured in accidents.In a red light camera program, a camera is placed in a location where it can take photos or videos of cars as they pass through the intersections(十字路口). City employees then examine the photos. If a car is in the

48、intersection when the light is red, the driver will be fined(罚款). Evidence clearly shows that camera programs really help reduce the number of cars running red lights. In one study in Virginia, red light cameras reduced the number of total drivers running red lights by 67 percent.However, cameras ca

49、n have negative effects on traffic safety. Some drivers who intend to continue to cross the intersection when the light is yellow or red will now try to stop. That means that the number of accidents caused by cars not stopping at a red light will likely decrease. But the number of accidents from sto

50、pping at a red light is likely to ascend. In order to avoid being fined, some drivers will try to stop, causing a higher risk of other accidents.The increased number of traffic accidents at intersections in cities is a serious problem. But our study shows that the camera program in Texas was helples

51、s in improving traffic safety. Therefore, electronic monitoring is not the real solution.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者主要是通过自己的研究说明在十字路口装摄像头并不能有效阻止交通事故的发生，因此需要更好的方式来改善交通安全。5The author did the study most probably to know whether _Ared light cameras really worked as expectedBtraffic accidents mainly happened at in

52、tersectionsCred light cameras helped drivers obey the traffic rulesDtraffic accidents were mainly caused by running red lightsA解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的We found they didnt reduce the total number of car accidents as well as the total number of people injured in accidents.可知，这个是调查的结果，其中they指的是摄像头，因此可推测作者做这个调查是

53、为了知道装更多的摄像头是否真的像所预期的(对于减少交通事故)那样管用。6What does the underlined word “ascend” in Paragraph 4 mean?AFall.BRise.CChange.DDiffer.B解析：词义猜测题。根据转折词But可知，此句与前一句构成转折关系，再根据本段第一句However, cameras can have negative effects on traffic safety.可推测，该词意为“上升”。7What can we infer from the authors study?ARed lights may hav

54、e negative effects on traffic safety.BBetter ways should be found to improve traffic safety.CMore red light cameras should be used at intersections.DTraffic accidents at intersections are difficult to avoid.B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的But our study shows that the camera program in Texas was helpless in improvi

55、ng traffic safety. Therefore, electronic monitoring is not the real solution.可知，作者通过研究发现，安装摄像头并不是有效改善交通安全的措施，所以可推测，为了改善交通安全，还需要找到更好的办法。8What might be the best title for the passage?ARed light cameras dont really make streets safer.BElectronic monitoring is widely used at intersections.CThe number of

56、 traffic accidents remains high in the US.DAccidents caused by running red lights shouldnt be ignored.A解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，作者主要是通过自己的研究表明，装更多的摄像头并不能有效减少交通事故。 完形填空Stephen, a 14yearold boy, was walking alone on the streets. It was almost 10 pm.This evening, Stephens mom asked him about his low grades in

57、 the recent _1_. Stephen had a careless attitude and did not _2_ in a nice way. She scolded(责备) him, but Stephen quarrelled with her without _3_ he was also at fault. The _4_ ended so bad that Stephen left their _5_ in a storm with his eyes filled with tears(眼泪)He walked for more than two hours, exh

58、austed and hungry. Suddenly, he was _6_ by a sweet smell from a small noodle shop.He realised there was not even a coin in his pocket. With a(n) _7_ face, he decided to leave. The shop owner saw him and _8_ him to have some food.Stephen explained he had no _9_， but the shop owner smiled and said he

59、wouldnt ask him for any.He _10_ a hot bowl of delicious noodles for Stephen. Stephen _11_ him from his heart and promised him that he would return his _12_. Stephen was in tears when he ate the noodles.The shop owner asked Stephen what had happened. Stephen told him about the quarrel with his mother

60、.The shop owner asked Stephen，“Do you _13_ you owe(欠) me something？”Stephen said，“Yes. Of course! This is a great _14_. I was very hungry as I ate _15_ from the noon！”The shop owner smiled，“Good my dear! Now think about your mom. She cooked for you. She played with you. She _16_ you with all her hea

61、rt. She was always there for you when you _17_ her. Even now, she has fought with you for your own good.Dont you feel you owe a lot to her？”Stephen realised his _18_. He thanked the shop owner and rushed to his home. He saw his mother _19_ him on their street with tears in her eyes.He hugged her and

62、 begged her _20_【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了一个男孩和母亲争吵后离家出走，后来，他在一位面馆老板的帮助下认识到自己的错误，最后回家与母亲和好的故事。1A.examBcourseCjudgementDcompetitionA解析：根据上文的his low grades可知，Stephen的妈妈询问他近期“考试(exam)”分数低的事。2A.greetBreplyCshowDstartB解析：根据上文的a careless attitude可知，Stephen并没有好好“回答(reply)”妈妈的询问。3A.insistingBexplainingCremember

63、ingDrealisingD解析：根据文中的Stephen quarrelled with her及he was also at fault可知，Stephen并没有“认识到(realising)”自己也有错。4A.fightBdiscussionCdinnerDmeetingA解析：根据文中对Stephen与妈妈争吵的描述可知，这场“争吵(fight)”很激烈。5A.cityBhouseCschoolDcommunityB解析：根据第一段中的Stephen, a 14yearold boy, was walking alone on the streets.可知，Stephen和妈妈争吵后离

64、“家(house)”出走了。6A.affectedBsurprisedCattractedDamusedC解析：根据本段中的He walked for more than two hours, exhausted and hungry.及by a sweet smell from a small noodle shop可知，Stephen走得累了，饿了，突然被一阵从面馆飘出的香味所“吸引(attracted)”。7A.sadBuglyCstrangeDseriousA解析：根据文中的He realised there was not even a coin in his pocket.及the

65、 shop owner smiled and said he wouldnt ask him for any可知，Stephen很“难过(sad)”，准备离开。面馆老板看见了他，叫“(asked)”他进店吃点东西。Stephen就解释他没有“钱(money)”，但是面馆老板却笑着说他不要钱。8A.preferredBpaidCorderedDaskedD解析：参见上题解析。9A.rightBtimeCideaDmoneyD10A.boughtBfoundCpreparedDcollectedC解析：根据对面馆老板邀请Stephen吃面的描述可知，面馆老板为Stephen“准备(prepared

66、)”了一碗热气腾腾的美味面条。Stephen很“感谢(thanked)”他，而且承诺会回报他的“善行(kindness)”。11A.praisedBthankedCacceptedDcongratulatedB解析：参见上题解析。12A.enthusiasmBfriendshipCpatienceDkindnessD13A.meanBfeelCbelieveDworryB解析：根据对面馆老板邀请Stephen吃面的描述及文中的promised him that he would return可知，面馆老板问Stephen是否“觉得(feel)”自己对他有所亏欠。14A.funBdealChel

67、pDproblemC解析：根据本段中的Yes. Of course.可知，Stephen觉得面馆老板“帮(help)”了自己一个大忙。他很饿，因为他从中午开始就“什么都没(nothing)”吃。15A.nothingBeverythingCsomethingDanythingA解析：参见上题解析。16A.took hold ofBkept up withCtook care ofDlooked forward toC解析：根据本段中的She cooked for you. She played with you.可知，Stephen的妈妈全心全意地“照顾(took care of)”他。而且在

68、Stephen“需要(needed)”她的时候，她永远都在。17A.caughtBvisitedCneededDforgotC解析：参见上题解析。18A.mistakeBdreamCchangeDimportanceA解析：根据上一段面馆老板对Stephen的劝说可知，Stephen终于认识到了自己的“错误(mistake)”。19A.running afterBwatching overCseeing offDsearching forD解析：根据下文的on their street with tears in her eyes可知，Stephen看到他的妈妈正眼含泪水，在街上“寻找(searching for)”他。20A.supportBforgivenessCtrustDpermissionB解析：根据上文的begged可知，Stephen拥抱了妈妈，并乞求她的“原谅(forgiveness)”。