云南省玉溪市2014高考英语阅读理解二轮训练（4）及答案.doc

1、云南省玉溪市2014高考英语阅读理解二轮训练（4）及答案阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。English is an important global language, but that doesnt mean its easy to learn. Many experts have tried to make English easier for students to learn but they werent always successful.In 1930, Professor CK Ogden of Cambridge Unive

2、rsity invented Basic English. It had only 850 words (and just eighteen verbs) and Ogden said most people could learn it in just thirty hours. The problem was that people who learned Basic English could write and say simple messages, but they couldnt understand the answers in real English! It was als

3、o impossible to explain a word if it wasnt in the Basic English word list. For example, if you wanted a watermelon, you asked for a large green fruit with the form of an egg, which has a sweet red inside and a good taste! RE Zachrisson, a university professor in Sweden, decided that the biggest prob

4、lem for learners of English was spelling, so he invented a language called Anglic. Anglic was similar to English, but with much simpler spelling. Father became faadher, new became nue and years became yeerz. Unfortunately for some students of English, Anglic never became popular.Even easier is the l

5、anguage which ships captains use: its called Seaspeak. Seaspeak uses a few simple phrases for every possible situation. In Seaspeak, for example you dont say, Im sorry what did you say? or I didnt understand, can you repeat that? . its just, Say again. No more grammar!In the age of international com

6、munication through the Internet who knows? . a new form of English might appear. A large number of the worlds e-mails are in English and include examples of NetLingo like OIC (Oh, I see) and TTYL (Talk to you later). In another fifty years, English as we know it might not exist . we will probably al

7、l speak fluent Internetish!61. The best title for the passage would be _.A. Seaspeak B. Basic English C. Easy English D. Internetish【答案】C【解析】标题归纳题。根据Many experts have tried to make English easier for students to learn文章开头就指出主题怎样把英语变得更加简单，下文叙述了人们的不同做法，故选C。62. It will take a person about _ weeks to le

8、arn Basic English if he spends two hours learning it every day. A. six B. four C. three D. two 【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据Ogden said most people could learn it in just thirty hours.花30个小时，一天两个小时所以总共花两周的时间，故选D。63. According to Professor Zachrisson, what was the biggest problem for learners of English? A. Gramm

9、ar. B. Vocabulary. C. Spelling. D. Speaking.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据RE Zachrisson, a university professor in Sweden, decided that the biggest problem for learners of English was spelling, Zachrisson教授说最大的问题是拼写，故选C。64. Which of the following is likely to be Anglic? A. A graet batl. B. IOUC. Long time no see

10、. D. Two five, no lights.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据Anglic was similar to English,可推出选项A的单词拼写上看出近似于英语但又不是英语，故选A。65. What might happen to English in another fifty years? A. It might become a global language. B. It might be replaced by Internetish. C. It might take the place of all other languages. D. It might

11、become more and more difficult.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据In another fifty years, English as we know it might not exist . we will probably all speak fluent Internetish!再过50年有可能出现Internetish语言，故选B。阅读理解课堂练学案（16）Passage Nine (The Program-Federal Government Helps Minority Business) Federal efforts to aid minority

12、 businesses began in the 1960s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses,

13、the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15 years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economys total receipts. Recently federal poli

14、cymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting large, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations partici

15、pate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Businesses that have potential to become future suppliers of customers of the sponsoring

16、 company. MESBICs are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does si

17、mply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following ea

18、rly financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBICs far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBICs are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority

19、enterprises. Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in ter

20、ms of the social responsibility approach and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses sho

21、uld be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBICs and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course if followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing r

22、esults of the original SBA approach.1.Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?A The use of MESBICs for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greater potential for success than does the original SBA approach.There is a crucial difference in point of view between the s

23、taff and directors of some MESBICs.C After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady rate.D Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.2.According to the passag

24、e, the MESBIC approach differ s from the SBA approach in that MESBICs A seek federal contracts to provide market for minority businesses.Encourage minority businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses.C Attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector.D R

25、ely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses.3.Which of the following statements about the SBA program can be inferred from the passage?A The maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.Business loans were considered to be more useful to recipien

26、t businesses than was management and technical assistance.C The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than the rate that actually resulted.D Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business development.4.The author refers to th

27、e financial and operating problems encountered by MESBICs primarily in order toA broaden the scope of the discussion to include the legal considerations of funding MESBICs through sponsoring companies.call attention to the fact that MESBICs must receive adequate funding in order to function effectiv

28、ely.C show that sponsoring companies were willing to invest only $500,000 of government-sponsored venture capital in the original MESBICs.D Compare SBA and MESBIC limits on minimum funding.5.It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some MESBIC staff member toward the investments pref

29、erred by some MESBIC directors can be best described asA disappointing.Indifferent.C Shocked.D Defensive.Vocabulary1.implement 执行，履行2.growth-oriented 增长潜力的，有发展性的3.intermediary company 中介公司，中间公司4.venture capital 风险资本5.entrepreneur 企业家，创业者6.fluctuation 波动，涨落，起伏7.pragmatically 实用地难句译注1. Even 15 years a

30、fter the program was implemented minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economys total receipts.【参考译文】甚至在这个计划执行后15年，少数民族工业的收入还不到全国总收入的2。2. Recently federal policy makers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the supporting large, growth oriente

31、d minority firms through intermediary companies.【参考译文】最近，联邦决策者采取一项措施，旨在加速少数民族工商业的发展，他们不再直接帮助小型的少数民族企业，而是转向通过中间公司来支持规模较大、有发展潜力的少数民族公司。3. By making use of government-sponsored venture capital.利用政府资助的风险资本。4. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to bec

32、ome future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.【参考译文】然后再由MESBIC向那些少数民族企业提供资金、进行指导。这些企业是有成为赞助公司的未来供应商或客户的潜力的。5. MESBIC minority enterprise small business investment company 少数民族小型企业投资公司。6. MESBICs are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevan

33、t management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.【参考译文】MESBIC的建立基于这种信念：为已建公司提

34、供方便，使它更容易获得相关的管理技术更具体的工作经验以及大笔资金要比简单地给予一般管理经验和小笔资金更能使它们获得机会去建立稳固的商业基础。7. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the social responsibility approach and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant.【参考译文】后者高级经理们在有大多数情况下，仍然常常从“社会责

35、任的角度”来考虑问题，因此，他们似乎更倾向于选择那些比正常投资标准更具风险性，而不太引人注目的项目。写作方法与文章大意 文章主要采用因果以及对比的写作方法。先点出SBA计划联邦政府对少数民族去也的赞助（）的失败及其原因。 为此，联邦决策者改变方法，通过中介公司，建立MESBIC。由它来帮助少数民族企业使其获得相应的管理技术、具体工作经验和大量资金，甚至潜在的市场取得了成功。 可内部存在问题，MESBIC的职工和领导者之间的意见分歧，职工的投资观点更切实际，而领导者仍从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题，若不改变，有可能重蹈SBA之覆辙。答案详解1. A 运用MESBIC来帮助少数民族企业似乎比原来S

36、BA的方法更具成功的可能性。文章一开始就点名SBA（小型企业管理局）向少数民族企业提供联邦保证贷款，政府资助管理和技术方面的帮助，结果令人失望。组建成的少数民族新企业由于管理上缺乏经验、地点不佳、资金短缺而导致失败的情况很多。其他见难句译注1、2、3。总之在MESBIC支持下：为它的潜在市场提供大量资金等，使它们在地点和市场流通方面风险小的多，从而带来足够的收入和保持所需的管理质量。这一切都说明MESBIC比SBA的成功可能性大。B.MESBIC中的领导者和职工方面在观点上有着至关重要的分歧。C.经历了早期管理和市场问题后，少数民族企业已开始稳步发展。D.希望组建新公司的少数民族企业家已有好几

37、个成功的联邦计划可依靠。2. D 依靠打工四向少数民族企业投资。见第二段第二句：大公司利用政府资助的风险资本参与成功而又稳固的少数民族企业的发展。参与的大公司用这笔资金建立了“少数民族小型企业投资公司”（MESBIC）A.寻求为少数民族企业提供市场联邦合同。B.鼓励少数民族企业为其他少数民族企业提供市场。C.试图在少数民族部门保持特定的增长率。3. C 预期加入SBA项目中的公司的失败率比实际失败率低得多。文内没有直接点出，而是从（见第一题注释）SBA帮助的企业失败率很高令人失望，从而推断C项结论。A.给企业贷款最高期限为15年。B.商业贷款对企业来说远笔管理和技术帮助重要。D.鼓励接受贷款企

38、业重新寻找利于企业发展的地区。4. B 为的是引人注意这一实际情况：MESBIC必须取得足够的资金才能有效地运转。这在第三段最后一句：在经历了早期财政和运行问题后，赞助公司给MESBIC注入的资金远远超过了50万美元的法定最低限额，以获得足够的收入并保持所需的管理质量。MESBIC现在正成为日益重要的少数民族企业的资金来源。这说明没有足够的资金是难以有效运转的。A.扩大讨论范围以包括通过赞助公司投资MESBIC的合理性。C.表明赞助公司愿意在原来的MESBIC只投资50万政府资助的风险资本。D.对比SBA和MESBIC最低投资限额。5. A 失望。文章最后一段MESBIC的职工一般是拉美和黑人

39、专业人员在少数民族公司的投资上比MEBSIC的领导者更切实际。这些高级经理从社会责任角度看问题，会选择更具风险性，不太吸引人的项目。观点分歧使许多少数民族职工感到不安，他们认为应以公司的业务爆出来评价少数民族企业家及其企业。者充分说明MEBSIC的职工对领导所青睐的投资项目不满意和失望。B.漠不关心。C.震惊。D.持保留态度。【2014高考英语湖北省襄阳市统考试题】E A single tumor（肿瘤）can be made up of many separate cancers needing different treatments, say researchers A team at

40、the Institute of Cancer Research, London, has developed a new technique for measuring the diversity within a cancer They showed extraordinary differences between cancerous cells and say traditional drugs may fail as they may be unable to kill all the mutated （突变）tissueExperts said the fmdings would

41、have far-reaching effects for treatments A tumor starts as a single cell, which acquires mutations and eventually divides uncontrollablyBut that is not the end of the process Cancerous cells continue to mutate and become more aggressive, move round the body and resist drugs This process is disordere

42、d and results in a diverse tumor containing cancerous cells that have mutated in different ways This has huge implications for medicine, researcher Prof Mel Greaves told the BBC His team at the Institute of Cancer Research investigated cancer diversity in five children with leukemiaThey compared mut

43、ations in individual cancerous cells with a known database of mutationsTheir results, published in the journal Genome Research, showed patients had between 2 and 10 genetically distinct leukemiaProf Greaves said:Every patient doesnt have one cancer, they have multiple cancers This is really a techni

44、cal advance to get at this extraordinary complex diversity; it helps explain why we have such difficulty with advanced diseases Scientists compare cancer diversity to a tree The initial mutations the trunk will be common to all cancer cells But then the tumor branches out It means a treatment that t

45、argets one branch or sub-clone of the cancer might slow the disease, but they will never stop it Prof Charles Swanton, who researches diversity at the University College London Cancer Institute, told the BBC:We call it pruning（修剪） the branches not cutting down the tree; treatment will remove some of

46、 the sub-clones, but cutting down the tree is hard to do The bottom line is that we need to understand cancer diversity to limit further adaptations, reduce the pace of evolution and prolong the activity of drugs67 Why do the traditional drugs have no effects on treatment of cancer？ A They are worse

47、ning the condition B They are unable to kill the constantly changing cancerous cells C It takes a long time for them to have effects D They are not powerful enough68 From paragraph 3, we can know that A mutation takes place in body in order B the process of mutation comes to an end soon C the mutati

48、ons are out of control eventuaily D cancerous cells mutate in the same way69 Scientists compare cancer diversity to a tree because A cancers develop quickly just like a tree B treating cancers is as difficult as cutting down a tree C tumor needs nutrition when mutating D new tumor will come out during the mutating process70 The passage mainly talks about A the tumor is constantly mutating in different ways B cancer is impossible to treat C a new drug for cancer will be on sale D why cancers resist drugs【参考答案】67-70：BCDA