2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 21 Human Biology Communication Workshop练习 北师大版选修7.docx

1、Communication Workshop课时过关即时巩固一、单词拼写1.Under no c are you to leave the house.答案:circumstances2.The boys e themselves with food and water,and set off.答案:equipped3.There is growing c about the effects of pollution on health.答案:concern4.All the papers must be s by Monday.答案:submitted5.There is a sharp d

2、 in the population of the town.答案:decline二、选择合适的单词或短语并用其适当形式填空point outbring back tocurescientific basisreverseI read an article in the paper about freezing people when they die of a disease,and then,years later,when weve found a 1. for the disease,we could wake them up and cure them.Will that be po

3、ssible?No,Im afraid not.Id like to 2. that while there are some firms that do this and charge a fortune to keep the bodies frozen,unfortunately theres no 3. behind it.The important thing to remember is that we can change processes,but we cant 4. them.There is no way in which we could 5. life all the

4、 cells of a dead body.It would be like trying to change a hamburger back into a cow.答案:1.cure2.point out3.scientific basis4.reverse5.bring back to三、完成句子1.他的健康(状况)最近开始衰退。His health has recently.答案:begun to decline2.我们的实验室装备精良。Our laboratory is .答案:well equipped3.在任何情况下我们都不能同意这一原则。can we agree to such

5、 a principle.答案:Under no circumstances4.你投了他的赞成票还是反对票?Did you him?答案:vote for or against5.情况很快恢复了正常。Things soon .答案:returned to normal6.他们声称同情穷人,我对此相当怀疑。I am rather their professed sympathy for the poor.答案:sceptical about7.她关注社会福利问题。She social welfare.答案:concerns herself about8.许多年轻人去国外寻找成功的机会。Many

6、young people went abroad to .答案:seek their fortune四、阅读理解AHere is an astonishing and significant fact:Mental work alone cant make us tired.It sounds absurd.But a few years ago,scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳).To the amazement of

7、 these scientists,they discovered that blood passing through the brain,when it is active,shows no fatigue at all!If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer,we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products.But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein,it would show no f

8、atigue toxins at the end of the day.So far as the brain is concerned,it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.The brain is totally tireless.So what makes us tired?Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and

9、emotional(情感的) attitudes.One of Englands most outstanding scientists,J.A.Hadfield,says,“The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.In fact,fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr Brill,a famous American scientist,goes even further.He declares,“One hundred percent

10、 of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired?Joy?Satisfaction?No!A feeling of being bored,anger,anxiety,tenseness and worry,or a feeling of not being appreciatedthose are the emotions that tire sitting workers.Hard

11、 work by itself seldom causes fatigue.We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.1.What surprised the scientists a few years ago?A.Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborers blood.B.Albert Einstein didnt feel worn out after a days work.C.The brain could work for many h

12、ours without fatigue.D.A mental workers blood was filled with fatigue toxins.解析:根据第一段中的“Totheamazementofthesescientists,they.nofatigueatall!”可知,令这些科学家们惊讶的是,大脑活跃时流经大脑的血液并没有表现出疲劳,故C项正确。A项与第一段中的“Ifwetookadropofblood.andfatigueproducts.”意思表达相反,故排除;第一段最后一句指出在一天结束的时候,脑力劳动者的大脑血液中没有疲劳因素,这不是科学家们的惊讶之处,且与D项意思不

13、一致,故排除B、D两项。答案:C2.According to the author,which of the following can make sitting workers tired?A.Challenging mental work.B.Unpleasant emotions.C.Endless tasks.D.Physical labor.解析:根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知,使脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因是情感问题,且最后一段也指出了是哪些情感。答案:B3.Whats the authors attitude towards the scientists ideas?A.He agre

14、es with them.B.He doubts them.C.He argues against them.D.He hesitates to accept them.解析:本文主要介绍了科学家的研究成果,作者对此进行了进一步的分析、论证,对情感态度导致人疲劳的观点持肯定态度,并未对此进行质疑。答案:A4.We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic,sitting workers need to .A.have some good foodB.enjoy their workC.exercise regularl

15、yD.discover fatigue toxins解析:根据最后两段的叙述可知,心理和情感态度是导致脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因,因而保持好的心理状态才会感觉精力充沛。B项意为“喜欢他们的工作”,符合文意,这就避免了导致疲劳的烦躁、气愤等情感。其余几项都与导致疲劳的因素无关,故排除。答案:BBSome obese children and adults who eat excessively(过度地) may be missing a gene for a brain chemical involved in controlling appetite,according to a study.L

16、ow levels of the chemical are also linked to long-term memory loss and difficulties in sensing pain.Researchers at the National Institutes of Health examined 33 children and adults with a rare condition in which groups of genes have been deleted.Called WAGR syndrome,the genetic aberration(反常现象) is f

17、ound in about 250 people in the USA.Half of the people studied lacked one of two genes for a brain chemical called brain-derived neurotropic factor(BDNF).The ones missing the gene had low blood levels of the chemical.By age 10,all of those missing the gene were obese and reported a strong tendency t

18、o overeat.Those who had two working copies of the BDNF gene were no more likely to be obese in childhood or to report unusually high levels of overeating than the general population.Scientists suspected that people within the group had abnormalities with the gene,and they believed a larger segment(部

19、分) of the population had the same problem.The missing gene may explain why some people cant seem to control their eating or lose weight,says Jack Yanovski,head of the Unit on Growth and Obesity at NIHs Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.“We suspect that B

20、DNF has important issues in many parts of the brain,including memory and ability to sense pain,”he says.Yanovski says the brain chemical works in combination with other chemicals in the body,including the hormone leptin(瘦蛋白),to regulate appetite and body weight.More research needs to be done so scie

21、ntists can develop obesity drugs to treat people who dont make enough BDNF,he says.“BDNF is just a small part of the puzzle explaining why some folks have trouble maintaining a normal weight.”5.BDNF is a kind of chemical which lies in the .A.bloodB.hormoneC.brainD.diet解析:根据第三段中的“.lackedoneoftwogenes

22、,forabrainchemicalcalledbrain-derivedneurotropicfactor(BDNF).”可知,这种化学物质存在于大脑中。答案:C6.According to the passage,the role of the BDNF gene is to .A.improve peoples ability of memoryB.control peoples desire to eatC.make people become sensitive to painD.help people lose weight quickly解析:根据第一段第一句中的“Someobe

23、sechildrenandadultswhoeatexcessivelymaybemissingageneforabrainchemicalinvolvedincontrollingappetite.”和第三段的第二、三句可知,一些人吃得过多是因为缺少一种基因,该基因控制是否在大脑中生成控制食欲的化合物。答案:B7.Scientists study BDNF in order to .A.make medicine to cure overweight peopleB.explain why people have the sense of hungerC.keep people from s

24、uffering from high blood pressureD.control the activity of brains of overweight people解析:根据倒数第二段中的“.soscientistscandevelopobesitydrugstotreatpeoplewhodontmakeenoughBDNF.”可知,科学家们研究这种物质的目的是开发一些药物来解决人们的肥胖问题。答案:A8.Whats the main idea of this passage?A.Missing genes may hurt appetite control.B.Overweight people eat too much junk food.C.Your weight is decided by your genes.D.Ones appetite leads to ones weight.解析:本文主要介绍了某种控制大脑生成化合物进而可以控制人们食欲的基因,研究表明它的缺失造成了人们对食欲的失控,从而引发了肥胖问题。答案:A