2020版新高考英语二轮复习京津鲁琼版讲义：专题一 阅读理解 第二部分 第一讲　理解文中具体信息——细节理解题 WORD版含答案.doc

1、第二部分题型应对策略|精通四种题型解题技巧，有的放矢多拿分第一讲理解文中具体信息细节理解题细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解中非常重要的一种题型。细节理解题题干针对原文的具体叙述进行提问，主要考查考生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节、文章的主要事实或文中个别词句的理解能力，一般包括查找信息题、数字计算题等。高考全国卷细节理解题题量统计考纲解读年份卷别201920182017(1)文章细节对于理解全文内容来说至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。(2)命题人员会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。(3)这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间

2、接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右。全国卷677全国卷1095全国卷1096【考查特点】.把握细节理解题常见的命题方式：(1)特殊疑问句形式：以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。(2)填空题形式：通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节。(3)就文中数字、排序等提问。.掌握细节细解题的考查角度：(1)高频考点：直接信息题；综合细节题。(2)低频考点：数字计算题；正误判断题；细节排序题。直接细节题精准定位判细节直接细节题即事实认定类细节题，该题型在原文中可直接找到答案，不要求考生对事实做出解释或者判断

3、，只需要从阅读材料中直接获取信息(有时需要跨段落查找细节信息)。正确选项和原文在表述上没有太大的变化。常见的设问方式：Which activity will you choose if.?What will you/the students do on Tuesday/on the Capital City Bike Tour?When can you see a play in Hebrew?Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?At which place can people of different ages en

4、joy a good laugh?Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames?典例(2019全国卷A片段)Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 1518

5、years old in select communities(社区)Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with handson business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 1529, returning to school in the fall.21What is special about Summer Company?AIt req

6、uires no training before employment.BIt provides awards for running new businesses.CIt allows one to work in the natural environment.DIt offers more summer job opportunities.第一步确定题干中的关键词Summer Company第二步根据关键词定位信息句Summer Company provides students with handson business training and awards of up to $3，

7、000 to start and run their own summer businesses.第三步比对选项确定答案Summer Company的特别之处在于 “它为经营新业务提供奖励”。自主解答：B第一步看题目，从题干中提取关键信息。第二步采取速读技巧快速定位原文信息，仔细比对选项和文中细节，进而确定答案。 综合细节题推理归纳定选项综合细节题要求考生在原文中找到有关的信息，但同时需要将选项信息与原文句子进行语义上的转换， 例如使用同义词、近义词或反义词表达相同的意思， 这需要考生综合考虑，把握出题人的考查意图。常见的设问方式：Which of the following best des

8、cribes.?Why was.a success?How does the writer recommend.to readers?典例(2019全国卷C片段)“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often

9、works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.29Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?ATo meet with her coworkers.BTo catch up with her

10、work.CTo have some time on her own.DTo collect data for her report.第一步确定题干中的关键词prefer to go out，lunch第二步根据关键词定位信息句用prefer to go out和lunch寻读，可以定位在第三段，在第三段找到I just wanted some time to myself.第三步比对选项确定答案根据信息句可知，Bechtel更喜欢出去吃午饭的原因是想拥有自己的时间。自主解答：C第一步看题目，从题干中提取关键信息。第二步采取速读技巧寻找原文信息，将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，将确定

11、的文章信息进行加工处理，进行进一步的辨别，进而确定答案。 数字计算题“加减乘除”巧破解数字计算题要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。常见的设问方式：How much should a couple with a kid pay a visit.?How long does.last?How much may they pay.?典例(2018全国卷C片段)At present, the world has about 6，800 languages. The distribution of these lang

12、uages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1，000; Africa 2，400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200,

13、 of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.30How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present?AAbout 6，800.BAbout 3，400.CAbout 2，400

14、. DAbout 1，200.第一步确定题干中的关键词less than 6，000 people at present第二步根据关键词定位信息句At present, the world has about 6，800 languages.及The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000，which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 第三步整合推算运用数学公式计算由原文信息句可知，目前全球不同语言使用人数的中位数仅是6 00

15、0，这就意味着世界上有一半语言的使用人数不到6 000；结合At present，the world has about 6，800 languages.可知，目前大约3 400种语言的使用人数不到6 000。自主解答：B第一步仔细分析题干，抓牢关键信息。第二步从文章中找出包含该信息的段落，运用数学公式计算。对于离散的数字计算题，需要先找到与之相关的事实或数据，然后再进行分析整合。 (2019全国卷C)As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量

16、) technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private espaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely meas

17、ures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine

18、peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types diffe

19、rently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the

20、 keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plasticlike parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.【解题导语】本文介绍了一种用智能键盘进行身份识别的技术。28Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?ATo reduce pressure on keys.BTo improve accuracy in

21、 typing.CTo replace the password system.DTo cut the cost of espace protection.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第二句“At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.”可知，现有的生物识别技术价格昂贵。根据第二段的第一句“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device(装置) that gets around this prob

22、lem: a smart keyboard.”可知，同样能够保护私人电子空间的智能键盘成本较低，故选D。29What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?AComputers are much easier to operate.BFingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.CTyping patterns vary from person to person.DData security measures are guaranteed.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，智能

23、键盘能够准确地测量人们打字的节奏和力度，而打字模式因人而异，因此，智能键盘通过分析用户的打字模式进行身份识别，故选C。30What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?AItll be environmentfriendly.BItll reach consumers soon.CItll be made of plastics.DItll help speed up typing.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”

24、可知，该研究团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B。31Where is this text most likely from?AA diary.BA guidebook.CA novel. DA magazine.D解析：文章出处题。本文是一篇科技类说明文，可能出自杂志。diary“日记”；guidebook“旅行指南”；novel“小说”；magazine“杂志”，故选D。“两关注”“一防范”巧解细节理解题1两关注：关注正确选项的特征：一是同义词替换或释义， 即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面， 来表达相同的意思； 二是对文章信息的综合理解推断归纳。2一防范：防范干扰选项的逼真性，

25、稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。在做间接信息题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，避免误选答案。必要时要对原文信息进行归纳，然后比对选项，进而选出正确答案。A(2019河南部分重点中学阶段性测试四)Great American Song ContestContest Rules & Entry：This annual event is designed for amateur and semipro(半职业) songwriters only. Songwriters who earn over $10，000 annually from song publishing roy

26、alties(版税) do not have qualifications.Amateur and semipro songwriters from all nations of the world are invited to participate in the Great American Song Contest. Song lyrics(歌词) may be in any language. Please include an English translation.All participants will be sent an entry confirmation and a j

27、udging schedule when their songs are received and processed.This years deadline is March 5. Online submissions must be received by this date. Mailed submissions must be postmarked(盖邮戳) by this date.An entry fee of $30 is required for each entered song. After the first two entries, the entry fee drop

28、s to $25 for each additional song.If the same song is entered in multiple categories, each requires a separate entry fee.Prizes & Benefits：Grand Prize Winner receives $1，000 in cash; each First Prize Winner receives $500 in cash. In addition, all winners receive a free membership to TAXI Independent

29、 A&R Company$300 value!Unlike those highly competitive “big cash prize” contests, which receive 20，000 to 30，000 entries each year but reward only a few, the Great American Song Contest offers a clear benefit to everyone who enters. Songwriters can get their songs heard and get feedback from knowled

30、geable musicindustry professionals. Thats because the Great American Song Contest offers this opportunity and unique guarantee: All participating songwriters receive written opinions on their songs from experienced musicindustry professionals!【解题导语】本文是一则广告。文章主要介绍Great American Song Contest的规则、参赛费用和奖

31、励。1What can we know from the contest rules?ASong lyrics must be written in English only.BNot all songwriters can take part in the contest.CAll submissions must be received by the deadline.DNot all participants will receive a judging schedule.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“This annual event is designed for amateur

32、and semipro(半职业) songwriters only. Songwriters who earn over $10，000 annually from song publishing royalties(版税) do not have qualifications.”可知 ，只有业余和半职业歌曲作者可以参赛，即并非所有歌曲作者都能参赛。故正确答案为B。2How much should a songwriter pay for his three entries?A$75.B$80.C$85. D$90.C解析：细节理解题。根据Contest Rules & Entry部分倒数第二

33、段“An entry fee of $30 is required for each entered song. After the first two entries, the entry fee drops to $25 for each additional song.”可知，三首参赛歌曲需付(30225)85美元。故正确答案为C。3Whats an advantage of the Great American Song Contest?AMore cash for every prize.BQuicker confirmation.CA larger number of entrie

34、s.DWritten comments on entries.D解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“All participating songwriters receive written opinions on their songs from experienced musicindustry professionals！”可知，每个参赛者的歌曲都可以得到有经验的音乐界专业人士的书面评价。故正确答案为D。长难句分析Songwriters who earn over $10，000 annually from song publishing royalties(版税) do not

35、 have qualifications. (Contest Rules & Entry部分第一段第二句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词Songwriters。译文：每年从歌曲出版版税中赚取一万美元以上的歌曲作者没有参赛资格。B(2019山西五地市高三联考)Scientists have recreated a 1985 study of birds in Peru that shows climate change is pushing them from their natural environment. Thirty years ago, research

36、ers studied over 400 kinds of birds living on a mountainside in Peru. In 2017, researchers looked again at the bird populations. They found that almost all had moved to higher places in the mountain. Almost all had decreased in size. And, the scientists say at least eight bird groups that started at

37、 the higher elevations(高地) had died out completely.The researchers say the birds might have moved up the mountain because of temperature changes. Or changes to food sources may have forced them to go higher. The findings were published in a science journal. The 1985 research has documented birds and

38、 other animals moving up in elevation in reaction to warming temperatures. Mark Urban, a biologist at a university, said this recent study was the first to prove that rising temperatures and moving to avoid them can lead to extinction.In 2016, Fitzpatrick, director and a cowriter of the study passed

39、 his notes, photos and other records to Benjamin Freeman. Freeman has been researching tropical birds for more than 10 years. He set out in August and September of 2017 to copy Fitzpatricks study. His team used the same methods, searching the same places in the same time of year.Freemans team wanted

40、 to see how things had changed for the bird groups since 1985. The average temperatures on the mountain had risen 0.42 degrees Celsius. His team placed 20 sound recording devices on the mountain to record the sounds of birds that might not easily be seen. Freeman said that the birds moved an average

41、 of 98 meters further up the mountain. He believes that temperature is the main cause of the birds movement. Fitzpatrick noted that birds used to living in areas with little temperature change may be especially at risk because of climate change. He said, “We should expect that whats happening on thi

42、s mountain top is happening more generally in the Andes, and other tropical mountain ranges.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，温度上升会让鸟类向海拔更高的地方迁徙，而这会导致鸟类的灭绝。4How many kinds of birds lived in Peru 30 years ago?AAt least eight bird groups.BMore than 400.COver eight bird groups.DLess than 400.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Thir

43、ty years ago, researchers studied over 400 kinds of birds living on a mountainside in Peru.”可知，在三十年前，有400多种鸟类生活在秘鲁。故正确答案为B。5Why did the birds move up the mountain?ATo avoid temperature changes.BTo find more food sources.CTo adapt to extreme temperature.DTo react to the increase of other kinds of ani

44、mals.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The researchers say the birds might have moved up the mountain because of temperature changes.”可知，它们是为了避开温度的变化。故正确答案为A。6How did Freeman and his team record the sound of birds not easily being seen?AThey had the temperature rise 0.42 degrees Celsius.BThey moved an average of 9

45、8 meters further up the mountain.CThey placed 20 sound recording devices on the mountain.DThey kept on listening to the sound happening on this mountain top.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“His team placed 20 sound recording devices on the mountain to record the sounds of birds that might not easily be seen.”可知，

46、他们是通过在山上放置20个录音设备来记录那些不容易被看见的鸟类的声音的。故正确答案为C。7What is the main idea of the text?ATwo teams used the same methods to do researches.BScientists documented birds and other animals moving up in elevation.CScientists have been researching tropical birds for more than 10 years.DRising temperature causes so

47、me birds in Peru to become extinct.D解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究成果，即温度上升会让鸟类向海拔更高的地方迁徙，而这会导致鸟类的灭绝。D项体现了这项研究的结果，概括了本文的主要内容。故正确答案为D。长难句分析Mark Urban, a biologist at a university, said this recent study was the first to prove that rising temperatures and moving to avoid them can lead to extinction.(第二段

48、最后一句) 分析：本句是一个复合句。a biologist at a university是Mark Urban的同位语；this recent study was.是省略了that的宾语从句，作said的宾语；rising temperatures.can lead to.是that引导的宾语从句，作prove的宾语。译文：Mark Urban，一所大学的生物学家，说最近这项研究首次证明，气温上升和为避免高温而进行的迁徙可能会导致物种的灭绝。细节理解题直接细节题(建议用时：25分钟)A(2019河北石家庄二中高三模拟考试)Born in the State of New York on Ma

49、y 14th, 1984, Mark Zuckerberg was an instant success. In his high school years, he was considered one of top students in the class, before moving into the arts, sciences, and literature, again picking up high marks and receiving academic praise. It earned him admission to Harvard University.As a reb

50、ellious yet relatively quiet student, he created a website called Facemash in the universityan instantly controversial website that encouraged students to rate each other based on appearance.The site was controversial for several reasons. The first was its illegal use of photographs, which the unive

51、rsity and students took issue with. The second was its controversial naturenot every student likes being ranked based on their appearance. The third was its huge resource usewhile it was hosted on Harvard servers, it was the most popular page in the universitys entire network.Zuckerberg was soon for

52、ced to shut the site down, but its popularity and controversy had made him consider its future potential. He soon turned the simple site into a personal one for Harvard students, encouraging them to network with their peers at the college. It was then, together with his two friends, that they launch

53、ed “The Facebook”， which immediately spread to other colleges and grew into a public service that anyone could access in the United States, whether to network with friends and family, or to play games.The company has been criticized frequently, nevertheless, Zuckerberg has remained true to his initi

54、al visionto create a website that the entire world can use to communicate openly and easily with one another and to keep the user experience clean and pure. The end result is one of the worlds biggest online businesses.Although its true value is debatable, its safe to say that Facebook, and its crea

55、tor Mark Zuckerberg, are two of the twentyfirst centurys most influential, controversial, and potentially powerful figures.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Facebook网站的创始人Zuckerberg创建网站的过程以及他努力克服所遇困难的故事。1What can we know about Mark Zuckerberg when he was a student?AHe was often praised by teachers for the websi

56、te he created.BHe had good academic performance.CHe alone created a website called Facebook.DHe encouraged students to set up business like him.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“In his high school years, he was considered one of top students in the class, before moving into the arts, sciences, and literature, agai

57、n picking up high marks and receiving academic praise.”可知，Mark Zuckerberg在学生时期就有良好的学业表现。故B项正确。2.Why did Zuckerberg shut the site down?ABecause his website was not popular.BBecause he was doubted for the way he used photographs.CBecause he needed time to reconsider his choice.DBecause he stole resour

58、ce on Harvard server.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The first was its illegal use of photographs, which the university and students took issue with.”可知，他关闭该网站的第一个因素就是照片的非法使用。故B项正确。3Which words can best describe Zuckerberg?AEasygoing and smart.BQuiet and shy.CTalented and outgoing.DRebellious and creative.D解析：推理

59、判断题。根据第二段中的“As a rebellious yet relatively quiet student, he created a website called Facemash in the university”可知，Zuckerberg是一个叛逆的学生，并且在学生时期就创建了网站。由此可推知，Zuckerberg是叛逆的和有创造性的。故D项正确。4What is the best title of the passage?AMark Zuckerberg and His FacebookBThe Foundation of FacebookCA Talent from Harv

60、ard UniversityDThe Development of FacebookA解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Zuckerberg在创建网站的过程中遇到的困难以及他努力克服所遇困难的过程，A项适合作本文的标题。故A项正确。长难句分析It was then, together with his two friends, that they launched “The Facebook”， which immediately spread to other colleges and grew into a public service that anyone could ac

61、cess in the United States, whether to network with friends and family, or to play games.(第四段第三句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。It was.that 构成强调句；which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“The Facebook”；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a public service。译文：就在那时，他和两个朋友一起推出了“The Facebook”。Facebook迅速传播到其他大学并发展成为一项公共服务。在美国，任何人都可以使用这一服务，无论是用来与朋友和家人联系，还是玩游戏

62、。B(2019河南六市高三第一次联考)While weather forecasters can make fairly accurate predictions, theres always the risk that youll be caught out while driving in the rain. But the days of having to quickly close your sunroof could soon be a thing of the past thanks to Jaguar Land Rovers latest technology.The firm

63、 is developing cars that can adapt automatically by closing windows and roofs or starting the heater if they detect bad weather is on the way. The weather forecasting system uses a set of air pressure, humidity(湿度) and light sensors(传感器) to help its vehicles predict changes in conditions and adapt t

64、o them. Cars equipped with the system could make slight changes to the air conditioning if it finds the weather is getting warmer during a journey or increase the cabin temperature if it will get colder.The forecast may indicate there is a possibility of one or more weather conditions, such as rain,

65、 within a period of time, such as five minutes. The vehicle may then adapt to the local weather conditions. In particular, it may close one or more windows, or close a roof of the vehicle in response to a forecast of rain. Similarly windows could be darkened using electrochromic(电致变色的) glass to impr

66、ove visibility if bright sunshine is forecast.Although its unclear whether this technology will make its way to a production vehicle anytime soon, such a system would be advantageous on autonomous vehicles. Since theres no human driver present, the system will allow the vehicle to make it comfortabl

67、e for its passengers, based on current weather conditions. It can also make the vehicle safer if it knows rain or snow is coming.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了捷豹路虎最新的技术天气预报系统。该系统使用了一整套气压、湿度和光线传感器，帮助车辆预测大气状况的变化并加以适应。5How will Jaguar Land Rovers latest technology benefit drivers?AVehicles can automatically driv

68、e themselves.BVehicles can find positions and routes themselves.CVehicles can act as mobile weather forecasting stations.DVehicles can open windows and sunroofs automatically.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The weather forecasting system uses a set of air pressure, humidity(湿度) and light sensors(传感器) to help its

69、 vehicles predict changes in conditions and adapt to them.”可知，捷豹路虎的最新技术可以让车辆像可移动的天气预报站一样，帮助车辆预测天气状况的变化并加以适应，从而造福于驾驶员。故选C。6What is the feature of the glass of a vehicle with the new technology?AIt can help adjust the temperature.BIt can still be clear in rainy days.CIt is too strong to break into pie

70、ces.DIts colour can change with the sunshine.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Similarly windows could be darkened using electrochromic(电致变色的) glass to improve visibility if bright sunshine is forecast.”可知，采用新技术的汽车玻璃的颜色会随着阳光而改变。故选D。7What can we know about the weather forecasting system from the text?AIt is intell

71、igent enough to stop raining.BIt makes the driver more comfortable.CIt cant predict the weather accurately.DIt makes autonomous cars safer in bad weather.D解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“It can also make the vehicle safer if it knows rain or snow is coming.”可知，天气预报系统会使无人驾驶汽车在恶劣天气下更安全。故选D。8Where might the text b

72、e taken from?AA book review.BA science report.CA science fiction. DA travel brochure.B解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了捷豹路虎最新的技术，因此本文最可能出自科学报道。故选B。长难句分析While weather forecasters can make fairly accurate predictions, theres always the risk that youll be caught out while driving in the rain.(第一段第一句)分析：本句是一个主从复合

73、句。while引导让步状语从句；youll be caught out while driving in the rain是同位语从句，说明risk的内容。译文：虽然天气预报员可以做出相当准确的预测，但你还会有在雨中开车时会淋雨的风险。C(2019昆明高三复习诊断)Whore happier, men or women? Research shows its a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isnt really that helpful, because basically, ha

74、ppiness is different for women and men.Womens happiness has been declining for the past 30 years, according to recent statistics. And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Gender(性别) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have fou

75、nd that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the differences.Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings. Women are more likely to express happiness, warmth and fear, which help with social bonding and appear more cons

76、istent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver, while men display more anger, pride and disrespect, which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially, but also genetically related. Studies have looked into thes

77、e findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons(镜像神经元) than males when they process feelings. Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other peoples view, to understand their actions and intentions. This may explain why women can exper

78、ience deeper sadness. Women tend to experience more negative feelings, such as more guilt, shame and to a lesser degree, embarrassment.Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings. With the exception of anger, women experience feelings more strongly and

79、share their feelings more openly with others. Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciationwhich has been linked to greater happiness. This supports the theory that womens happiness is more dependent on relationships than mens.【解题导语】本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。9Which feel

80、ing are men more likely to show compared with women?AWarmth. BDepression.CHappiness. DDisrespect.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger, pride and disrespect”可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D。10What factors cause women to share feelings more openly?APsychological factors. BBiological factors.CEduc

81、ational factors. DSocial factors.A解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。11One can probably read the text from_Aa science fiction Ba culture brochureCa nursery guide Da health magazineD解析：文章出处题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故选D项。12Wh

82、at is the text mainly about?AMen and women differ in biology and psychology.BMen and women experience happiness differently.CSocial roles have a great effect on men and women.DWomens happiness has declined in the past years.B解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。长难句分析Gender(性别) di

83、fferences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the differences.(第二段第三句)分析：本句是一个由and连接的并列句。that biological，psychological and social factors contribute to the differences为that引导的宾语从句。译文：抑郁症的性别差异已得到充分证实，而且研究发现，生理、心理和社会因素

84、造成了这些差异。细节理解题综合细节题(建议用时：25分钟)A(2019合肥高三第二次质量检测)A simple project to help a family in need stopped Luke Mickelson in his tracks. In 2012, he and his family were inspired to build and donate a bunk bed, one bed on top of the other, after learning there were local children who slept on the floor. Shocke

85、d to discover how widespread this need was in his community, Mickelson founded Sleep in Heavenly Peace, a nonprofit that builds and delivers beds to children in need.Born and raised in Idaho, Mickelson, now 41, had a thriving career. He coached his kids sports teams and fished in the nearby river. B

86、ut when he met children who were sleeping on the floor, his peaceful life changed course.Using safety guidelines and his daughters bunk bed as a model, Mickelson started buying wood and supplies to build beds with his own money. He recruited friends and family members to help around the holidays. As

87、 the word spread, interest and involvement from his and other communities floodedalong with Mickelsons bunk bed output. “That first project, we built 11 bunk beds in my garage，” he said. “The next year, we did 15. Then it doubled every year. In 2017, we built 612 bunk beds.”With the motto “No kid sl

88、eeps on the floor in our town”， the nonprofit and its more than 65 branches have built and delivered more than 1，500 free beds to children across America. But along with the rapid growth, Mickelson was faced with a tough choice: advancing his career or his nonprofit. He chose the latter and went fro

89、m making “great money to zero money”. Hes never looked back. “I found that the need I have isnt financial，” he said. “The need I have is seeing the joy on kids faces, knowing that I can make a difference.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Mickelson为了让自己社区的无床可睡的孩子们能够有床睡觉，成立了一个公益组织“Sleep in Heavenly Peace”。1Why did Mick

90、elson set up Sleep in Heavenly Peace?ATo help the poor children.BTo make a big fortune.CTo inspire his community.DTo get more donations.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段，尤其是最后一句中的“Mickelson founded Sleep in Heavenly Peace, a nonprofit that builds and delivers beds to children in need”可知，Mickelson创建这个非营利组织是为了帮助贫困儿童。2W

91、hat do we know about Luke Mickelson?AHe had his own fish farm.BHe changed his career from time to time.CHe used to sleep on the floor when he was a kid.DHe originally had a relaxing and pleasant life.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段，尤其是最后一句“But when he met children who were sleeping on the floor, his peaceful life c

92、hanged course.”可知，Mickelson一开始过着轻松、舒适的生活。3How did other people react to Mickelsons project?AThey showed little interest in it.BThey were supportive and involved in it.CThey were doubtful about the safety of the bunk bed.DThey volunteered to buy beds with their own money.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He recruite

93、d friends and family members to help around the holidays. As the word spread, interest and involvement from his and other communities flooded”可知，Mickelson的朋友和其他家庭成员都来帮忙，随着消息的传播，更多人参与进来，由此可知，人们对Mickelson创建的这个组织非常支持，并且积极参与。4What is Mickelsons attitude to the nonprofit?AAmbiguous.BDefensive.CCautious.

94、DPositive.D解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段，尤其是“The need I have.make a difference.”可知，Mickelson想要看到孩子们脸上的喜悦，他知道他在做一些有影响的事；由此可推知，他对这个组织持积极的态度。长难句分析Shocked to discover how widespread this need was in his community, Mickelson founded Sleep in Heavenly Peace, a nonprofit that builds and delivers beds to children in need

95、.(第一段最后一句)分析：本句是一个复合句。句中含有how引导的从句，作discover的宾语；“that builds and delivers beds to children in need”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“a nonprofit”， that在从句中充当主语。译文：Mickelson震惊地发现，这种需求在他的社区如此普遍，于是他创建了Sleep in Heavenly Peace一个为有需要的儿童建造并运送床的非营利组织。B(2019安徽六校教育研究会高三第二次联考)The American dream is the faith held by many peop

96、le in the United States of America that through hard work, courage, creativity and determination, they can achieve a better life for themselves. More specifically, they agree on how to get ahead in America: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house. But do Americans still

97、 believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?The most recent National Journal poll asked participants about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goal, and whether or not they felt the control over their ability to be successful. Obviously, the results show that today, the id

98、ea of the American dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century. Generally speaking, people felt that their actions and hard worknot outside forcedeciding their lives. But the participants had definitely mixed feelings about what actions make for a

99、 better life in the current economy.In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic(悲观的) about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority52 percentthink that young people do not need a 4year college educatio

100、n in order to be successful.Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a masters degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability(稳定) his parents and grandparents never did. While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of

101、 degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective highschool education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook(支票簿), are the necessary elements for a su

102、ccessful life in America.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项民意测验表明，美国人现在不像以前那么相信美国梦了，有一半多的美国人认为不接受大学教育也可以成功。5It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have _Aa sense of drive and purposeBan advanced academic degreeCa firm belief in their dreamDan ambition to get aheadB解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二

103、句“More specifically, they agree on how to get ahead in America: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house.”可知，过去在美国，人们通常认为一个人要成功必须获得大学教育、有大学文凭。故正确答案为B。6What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?AMore and more Americans are findi

104、ng it hard to realize.BIt remains alive among the majority of American people.CAn increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.DAmericans idea of it has changed over the past few decades.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Obviously, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream and what it t

105、akes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century.”可知，这次民意调查发现在过去的几十年里，美国人对美国梦的看法已经改变了。故正确答案为D。7What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?AIt still remains open to debate.BIt has proved to be beyond doubt.CIt is much better understo

106、od now than ever.DIt is no longer as important as it used to be.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，现在美国人对大学教育能引领成功这一看法越来越悲观，有一半多的美国人认为成功并不需要大学教育。由此可推断出，现在美国人认为大学教育对于成功来说并不像过去那么重要。故正确答案为D。8How do some people view college education these days?AIt helps broaden their minds.BIt needs to be strengthened.CIt widens cult

107、ural diversity.DIt promotes gender equality.A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences.”可推断出，如今一些人认为大学教育能帮助扩展他们的视野。故正确答案为A。长难句分析The American dream is the

108、faith held by many people in the United States of America that through hard work, courage, creativity and determination, they can achieve a better life for themselves.(第一段第一句)分析：本句是一个复合句。“held by many people in the United States of America”是非谓语动词结构，在此作后置定语，修饰faith; that引导同位语从句，解释说明 faith的具体内容。译文：美国梦

109、是许多美国人的信念，他们认为通过努力工作、勇气、创造力和决心，他们可以为自己创造更好的生活。C(2019南昌一模)Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world. Who doesnt long for a favorite Chinese dish? But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West, and which is becoming increasingly

110、 ignored by the youth of the Eastthe ancient custom of tonic food.Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve ones wellbeing or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil hotpot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that t

111、his dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach(菠菜), are seen as“hot”， while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radishes(小萝卜), are seen as “cold”. One should be careful not to eat too much of eith

112、er “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individuals health.The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese her

113、bal medicines, such as the wolfberry(枸杞子), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff, in need of a modest pickmeup.So, whether you need to boost your strength with a large he

114、lping of chicken soup, or increase your mental powers with a serving of pig brain soup, you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic you were looking for.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了中国滋补食物的相关内容。9What is the present situation of tonic food?AIt is catching less attention.BIt is enjoyed by ma

115、ny young people.CIt is well known worldwide.DIt is becoming increasingly popular.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the Eastthe ancient custom of tonic food.”

116、可知，目前滋补食物不再受到追捧。故选A。10What is believed to benefit new mothers?AChinese cabbage. BFruit tea.CSesame oil hotpot. DPig brain soup.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil hotpot every day for the first month after giving birth.”可知，人们认为麻油焖罐对新妈妈有益。11Whic

117、h of the following best explains “catering” underlined in paragraph 3?AMedicine. BRestaurant.CEducation. DFashion.B解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句“Chinese herbal medicines, such as the wolfberry(枸杞子), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish.”可推知，滋补食物

118、对餐饮业有一定的影响，故“catering”与restaurant意思相近。12What can be a suitable title for the text?AThe Charm of Chinese CuisineBThe Popularity of Tonic FoodCAn Introduction to Chinese Tonic FoodDDifferences Between Hot Food and Cold FoodC解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段第一句“Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve ones wellbei

119、ng or avoid sickness.”和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要对中国的滋补食物进行了简要的介绍。长难句分析However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individuals health.(第二段最后一句)分析：本句是一个复合句。第一个how引导主语从句；第二个how引导宾语从句，在从句中作状语；what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语。译文：然而，一个人应该吃多少“热性”或“凉性”的食物因一年中的时间、食物的烹饪方式、食物的搭配以及个人的健康状况而异。