初中英语新人教版八年级上册Unit 2 Home Sweet Home单词解析（B部分）（2025秋）.doc

1、八年级英语上册Unit 2单词解析（B部分）1.Until (介词) 到.时、直到.为止【用法讲解】 until通常用于描述一个动作或状态持续到某一特定时间点才结束。用于肯定句，表示持续到某一时间点；用于否定句中，与not连用，表示“直到.才”。Eg: They talked until one oclock in the morning. 他们一直谈到半夜一点钟。He didnt leave the office until he finished his work.他完成工作才离开了办公室。【易混辨析】 until与not.until区别until表示某一动作或状态一直持续到until短语

2、所表示的时间为止；Not.until表示动作在until短语所表示的时间之后才开始发生。Eg: I will stay here until you come back. 我将待在这里直到你回来。He didnt leave the office until he finished his work. 他完成工作才离开了办公室。 【即学即用】 ( )1.I watched the World Cup in a bar and I _ home _ 1:00 in the morning.A.go; until B.didnt go; until C.went; until D.have gon

3、e; until答案： B2.Be careful with 注意、当心Eg: You have to be careful with people you dont know. 对不认识的人得当心。【知识拓展】 careful为形容词，译为“小心的、仔细的、认真的”。【常见搭配】 be careful of/ about sth. 当心.Be careful to do sth. 小心做某事Eg: Be careful of dog, it sometimes bites people.当心那条狗，它有时候咬人。You must be careful to avoid being caugh

4、t. 你必须小心，不要被抓到。【派生词】 carefully为副词，译为“认真地、仔细地”；careless为形容词，译为“粗心的、马虎的”；care为动词，译为“关心”。Eg: He read the letter carefully. 他仔细阅读了那封信。He is a careless driver. 他是一个粗心的司机。I dont care that hes late. 我不在乎他迟到。【即学即用】1.请小心保管好你的东西。Please _ _ _ your things.2.If you look _ (careful) you can just see our house fro

5、m here.答案：1.be careful with 2.carefully3.Movie (名词) 电影【用法讲解】 movie为可数名词，其复数形式为movies。Eg: Have you watched the new movie that just came out? 你看过新上映的电影了吗？【常见搭配】 The movies 电影院、电影产业Go to the movies 去看电影Movie theater/ cinema 电影院 Eg: Life isnt like in the movies, you know. 你知道，生活不像在电影里那样。Whats on at the

6、movies? 电影院在上演什么片子？Lets go to the movies. 我们去看电影吧。There are five movie theatre/ cinema in this town.这个镇里有五座电影院。【即学即用】1.上周日我和朋友们一起去看电影了。I _ _ _ _ with my friends last Sunday.答案：went to the movies4.Dead (形容词) 不运行的、死的【用法讲解】 还可译为“麻木的、失去知觉的、没电的、死气沉沉的”等。Eg: His father is deaD. 他的爸爸已经去世了。My arm had gone de

7、aD. 我的手臂麻木了。The battery is deaD. 电池没电了。The town is dead after the mine has closeD. 井矿关闭后，镇上一片死气沉沉。【派生词】 die为动词，译为“死去、去世”。【常见搭配】 die from 死于（外部原因）Die of 死于（内部原因）Die for . 为.而死Die out 灭绝Die away 逐渐消失Eg: He died from a heart attack. 他死于心脏病。She died of cancer. 她死于癌症。Many soldiers died for their country.

8、 许多士兵为国捐躯。Many species are dying out due to habitat loss. 许多物种因栖息地丧失而灭绝。The sound of the waves died away as we waled further into the forest.随着我们走进森林，海浪的声音逐渐消失了。【易混辨析】 die、dead、dying、death区别die为动词，译为“死亡”；Dead为形容词，译为“已故的、死的”；dying为形容词，译为“奄奄一息的”；death为名词，译为“死亡”。Eg: His father died last year. 他的父亲去年去世了

9、。The cat is deaD. 猫死了。A dying man is lying on the street. 一个奄奄一息的人躺在街上。His mothers death was a great shock to him. 他母亲的去世对他是一个巨大的打击。【即学即用】1.They are still grieving for their _ (die) chilD.( )2.The old man died _ heart trouble.A.of B.from C.with D.by答案： 1.dead 2.A5.Note (名词) 笔记、记录、便条；(动词) 注意、指出【用法讲解】

10、 note为可数名词，其复数形式为notes。【常见搭配】 take notes 记笔记Make a note of sth. 把某事记下来Leave a note 留一张便条Eg: She often takes notes carefully in class. 她经常在课堂上认真记笔记。He left a note on the fridge saying he would be home late. 他在冰箱上留了便条说他晚点回家。The song started with a high note. 这首歌曲以高音开始。He paid with a ten - pound note.

11、他用十英镑付款。Please note that the office will be closed on Friday.请注意周五这个办公室将关闭。I shall make a note of your statement. 我们将把你的发言记录下来。【即学即用】1.今天下午开会你能做记录吗？Can you _ _ at this afternoons meeting?答案： take notes6.Clean up 清扫Eg: Im always having to clean up after the children. 孩子们离开以后，我总得打扫一番。【知识拓展】 clean可为形容词

12、，译为“干净的、无污染的”；clean还可为动词，译为“清除、整理”。Eg: The room is clean. 房间是干净的。Clean energy is better for the environment. 无污染能源对环境更好。I need to clean the kitchen before dinner. 晚饭前我需要打扫厨房。Lets clean up this mess. 我们来收拾一下这个烂摊子。【常见搭配】 clean out 彻底打扫、清空Clean off 清理平面Clean away 清理某个混乱的地方Keep clean 保持清洁Eg: She decided

13、 to clean out her closet and get rid of some old clothes. 她决定把衣柜腾空，扔掉一些旧衣服。Clean off the table before you start working. 开始工作前先把桌子清理干净。Clean away the mess before the inspection. 检查前清理干净。You should keep your hands clean before eating. 吃饭前你应该把手洗干净。【派生词】 cleanly为副词，译为“干净地”。Eg: She cleans the window cle

14、anly. 她干净地打扫窗户。【即学即用】1.你应该经常清理房间。You should always _ _ the room.答案： clean up7.Community (名词) 社区、社团【用法讲解】 community为可数名词，其复数形式为communities。Eg: Our community organizes a lot of events for people to get to know each other.我们社区为人们组织了很多活动，以便大家互相了解。【即学即用】1.The two _ (community) are now on a collision cour

15、se.答案： communities8.Rubbish (名词) 垃圾【用法讲解】 rubbish为不可数名词；rubbish也可作动词，译为“贬低”；rubbish也可为形容词，译为“毫无价值的、技术差劲的”。Eg: Dont leave rubbish on the floor. 不要把垃圾仍在地板上。His book is full of rubbish. 他的书里全是废话。He always rubbishes my ideas. 他总是贬低我的想法。Im rubbish at cooking. 我烹饪技术很差劲。【常见搭配】 talk rubbish 胡说八道Eg: Dont tal

16、k rubbish.Im being serious. 别瞎说，我在说正经的呢。【即学即用】1.The streets were littered with _ (rubbish).答案：rubbish9.Almost (副词) 差不多、几乎【用法讲解】 almost常位于行为动词前修饰动词；也可修饰形容词或副词，此时放在所修饰词前面；亦可与否定词not、never、none等连用，表示“几乎不”。Eg: She almost missed the bus. 她差点错过了公交车。It was almost perfect. 它几乎是完美的。I almost didnt recognize hi

17、m. 我差点没认出他。【常见搭配】 almost always 几乎总是Almost never 几乎从不Almost there 差不多到了Almost impossible 几乎不可能Almost immediately 几乎立刻Eg: He is almost always on time. 他几乎总是准时。I almost never eat fast fooD. 我几乎从不吃快餐。We are almost there with the project. 我们的项目快完成了。Its almost impossible to find a parking spot here. 在这里几

18、乎不可能找到停车位。She responded almost immediately. 她几乎立刻回复了。【易混辨析】 nearly和almost区别nearly表示接近但未达到完成的程度；Almost表示接近，但更强调接近完成的状态。Eg: He very nearly dieD. 他差点死了。He almost crieD. 他差点哭出来。【即学即用】( )1.It is _impossible to finish so much homework.A.nearly B.about C.almost D.near答案： C10.Journey (名词) 旅行、历程；(动词) 旅行【用法讲解

19、】 journey为可数名词，其复数形式为journeys；还可作动词，译为“旅行”。Eg: He planned a journey across Europe by train. 他计划乘火车穿越欧洲旅行。They journeyed through the desert for weeks. 他进行为期几周穿越沙漠的旅行。【常见搭配】 on the journey 在旅行中 Have a pleasant journey 一路顺风Have a good journey 旅途愉快Journey to 地点名词 旅行到某地The journey of life 人生旅程Eg: They ar

20、e on a journey to discover new cultures. 他们在旅行中探索新的文化。Journey to the West. 西游记The journey of life is like a bus trip. 人的一生，像乘坐一辆公交车。【易混辨析】 Journey, trip, travel与tour区别：journey着重指“长距离的、陆上的旅行”Trip 指“任何方式的短途旅行”travel泛指旅行的过程，尤指出国旅行tour常指“以游览、视察、购物等为目的的旅行”【即学即用】( )1.Its a long _ from Beijing to Hainan.A.

21、journey B.trip C.travel D.tour答案： A11.Pull (动词) 拉、拖、拔【用法讲解】 pull也可作名词，译为“拉力、牵引力”。Eg: He pulled the door open. 他拉开了门。The drawer pulls easily. 这个抽屉很容易拉开。The pull of the tide is very strong. 潮水的拉力很强。【常见搭配】 pull apart 分开、拉开Pull at sth. 用力拉Pull down 摧毁Pull out 抽出、拔出Pull over 停在路边Pull through 度过难关、恢复健康Pul

22、l together 齐心协力Eg: The teacher pulled the two fighting boys apart. 老师把两个打架的男孩拉开了。He pulled at the rope with all his strength. 他用尽全力拉绳子。The storm pulled down several houses in the village.暴风雨摧毁了村庄里的几所房子。The dentist pulled out the bad tooth. 牙医拔掉了那颗坏牙。The police officer asked the driver to pull over.

23、警察让司机靠边停车。With the doctors help, he finally pulled through.在医生的帮助下，他终于康复了。We need to pull together to finish this project.我们需要齐心协力完成这个项目。【派生词】 push为动词，译为“推”。Eg: He waded into the water to push the boat out. 他蹚进水里把船推出来。【即学即用】( )1.- Oh, I had a terrible toothache!- Youd better go to see a dentist and

24、have your tooth _ out.A.pull B.pulled C.push D.pushed答案： B12.Luggage (名词) 行李【用法讲解】 luggage为不可数名词，表示“行李”的总称；luggage也可引申为“精神负担”等。Eg: The airline lost my luggage. 航空公司弄丢了我的行李。Luggage must be checked in at least two hours before departure.行李必须在起飞前至少两小时办理托运。【常见搭配】 a piece of luggage 一件行李The contents of t

25、he luggage 行李里的东西Luggage rack 行李架Eg: Attach a label to each piece of luggage. 每件行李上都加上标签。He put his bag on the luggage rack. 他把包放在行李架上。【即学即用】1.There is room for one more piece of _ (luggage).答案： luggage13.Share sth.with sB. 把.与.分享Eg: I am willing to share my experience with you. 我愿意与你分享我的经验。【知识拓展】 s

26、hare用法share为动词，译为“分享、公用、分配、分担”；share也可作名词，译为“份额、股份”。Eg: Can I share the umbrella with you? 我可以和你公用一把伞吗？Now lets share the sweets. 现在让我们分糖果吧。She always shares her mothers troubles. 她总是帮妈妈分担忧愁。Your share is 50 dollars. 你的份额是50美元。Share price is increasing. 股价正在上升。【即学即用】1.我和我的朋友分享了我的想法。I _ my thoughts _

27、 my friends.答案： shared; with14.Familiar (形容词) 熟悉的【用法讲解】 familiar作形容词，也可译为“随和的、常见的”；familiar也可为名词，译为“密友、熟人”。Eg: Im familiar with the citys streets. 我熟悉这座城市的街道。He spoke in a familiar tone with his old friends. 他与老朋友说话时语气很随和。This problem is quite familiar in our industry.这个问题在我们行业中很常见。He is one of my f

28、amiliars. 他是我的密友之一。【常见搭配】 be familiar with . 对.熟悉Be familiar to . 对.所熟知Eg: Scientists must be familiar with the latest research datA. 科学家必须熟悉最新研究数据。These traditional customs are familiar to all villagers.这些传统习俗为所有村民所熟知。【派生词】 familiarize为动词，译为“使熟悉”；Unfamiliar为形容词，译为“不熟悉的”；familiarity为名词，译为“熟悉度、亲密感”。E

29、g: Youll need time to familiarize yourself with our procedures.你需要时间熟悉我们的程序。I was alone in an unfamiliar city. 我在一个陌生的城市里形单影只。When she saw the house, she had a feeling of familiarity.她见到这座房子就有一种熟悉感。【即学即用】1.到了这个时候，你应该熟悉了文章的内容。By this time, you should _ _ _ the text.答案： be familiar with15.Joke (名词) 笑话

30、；(动词) 开玩笑【用法讲解】 joke为可数名词，其复数形式为jokes。Eg: He told a funny joke. 他讲了一个有趣的笑话。She joked about her cooking skills.她拿自己的厨艺开玩笑。【常见搭配】 tell a joke 讲笑话Play a joke on sB. 捉弄某人、开某人的玩笑Make a joke about sth. 拿某事开玩笑No joke 不是闹着玩的Joke with sB. 与某人说笑Eg: He likes to tell jokes at parties. 他喜欢在聚会上讲笑话。They played a j

31、oke on him by hiding his keys. 他们藏起他的钥匙捉弄他。He made a joke about the rainy weather to lighten the mooD. 他拿雨天开玩笑来活跃气氛。Climbing that mountain is no joke. 爬那座山可不是开玩笑的。She often jokes with her colleagues during breaks. 她休息时常和同事们开玩笑。【即学即用】1.他经常告诫我不要和老年人开玩笑。He often tells me not to _ _ _ _ the old people.答

32、案： play a joke on16.Several (代词) 几个、一些；(形容词) 各自的【用法讲解】 several后面即可接可数名词也可接不可数名词；也可以作代词指代已经提及的人或物。Eg: I saw several birds in the garden. 我在花园里看到了几只鸟。She has several pieces of advice for you. 她有几条建议给你。I didnt know which key to use, so I tried several. 我不知道用哪个钥匙，所以我试了好几个。【常见搭配】 several + of + 限定词 + 名词复

33、数Several times 几次Eg: Several of my friends dont have cars. 我的几个朋友没有车。I have tried to call her several times, but she didnt answer.我试着给她打了几次电话，但她没接。【即学即用】( )1.There are several _ of books on the table in the classroom.A.pair B.pairs C.piece D.pieces答案： B17.Nod (动词/名词) 点（头）Eg: He nodded in agreement.

34、他点头表示同意。He gave a nod of approval. 他点头表示赞成。【常见搭配】 nod ones head 点头Nod off 打瞌睡、小睡Give a nod to . 点头示意Eg: She nodded her head in understanding. 她点头表示理解。He nodded off during the movie. 他在看电影时睡着了。The teacher gave a nod to the student who raised his hanD.老师向举手的学生点了点头。 【即学即用】1.当他建议去公园时她点头同意。She _ _ _ in a

35、greement when he suggested going to the park.答案： nodded her head18.Writer (名词) 作者【用法讲解】 writer为可数名词，其复数形式为writers。Eg: Lu Xun is a famous writer. 鲁迅是一位非常著名从作家。【派生词】 write为动词，译为“写、写作”；其过去式为wrote。Eg: He is writing a novel. 他正在写一部小说。【常见搭配】 write to sB. 给某人写信Write down 写下、记下Write off 注销、取消Eg: She often writes to her parents.她经常给父母写信。Please write down your name and address.请写下你的名字和地址。The company decided to write off the losses from the failed project.公司决定注销失败项目造成的损失。【即学即用】1.He is a _ (write) first and a scientist seconD.答案： writer10