初中英语新译林版八年级上册Unit 1 Friendship单词解析（A部分）（2025秋）.doc

1、八年级英语上册Unit 1单词解析（A部分）1.Friendship (名词) 友谊【用法讲解】 friendship为不可数名词。Eg: Friendship is a wonderful thing. 友谊是一件美妙的事情。【常见搭配】 build/ develop a friendship 建立友谊Damage/ break a friendship 破坏友谊Eg: They built a friendship through teamwork.他们通过团队合作建立了友谊。Lies can break a friendship. 谎言会破坏友谊。【即学即用】1._ (友谊) is mo

2、re important than money.答案： Friendship2.Honest (形容词) 诚实的、正直的【用法讲解】 honest在句中常作定语或表语。注意：honest中的h不发音，常与不定冠词an连用。Eg: He is an honest man. = The man is honest. 他是一个诚实的人。Being honest is the first step to make friends. 诚实是交友的第一步。【常见搭配】 to be honest 坦白的说Be honest in (doing) sth. 诚实地做某事Eg: To be honest, I

3、dont like this job.老实说，我不喜欢这份工作。She is honest in her work. 她在工作中很诚实。【派生词】 dishonest为形容词，译为“不诚实的”；honesty为名词，译为“诚实”。Eg: He thinks you are dishonest.他觉得你不够诚实。Honesty is the best policy. 诚实是上策。【即学即用】1.坦白说，我认为这个计划行不通。_ _ _, I dont think this plan will work.2.His _ (honest) is not in question.答案：1. To be

4、 honest 2. honesty3.Cheerful (形容词) 快乐的、高兴的【用法讲解】 cheerful在句中常作定语或表语。Eg: She has a cheerful personality. 她性格开朗。The children were cheerful after the party. 聚会后孩子们很开心。【常见搭配】 be cheerful about sth. 对某事感到愉快In a cheerful mood 心情愉快Eg: We are cheerful about the future prospects. 我们对未来前景充满乐观。We left the city

5、 in a cheerful mood. 我们心情愉快地离开这座城市。【派生词】 cheer为动词，译为“欢呼、加油”；cheer也可为名词，译为“欢呼声”；cheerfully为副词，译为“兴高采烈地”。Eg: They all clap and cheer. 他们都鼓掌和欢呼。A great cheer went up from the crowd. 观众爆发出一阵热烈的欢呼声。“Happy birthday!” everyone said cheerfully to Mr. Zhang. 每个人都兴高采烈地对张先生说：“生日快乐！”【常见搭配】 Cheer (sb.) up （使）变得高

6、兴、振奋起来Cheer on sb./ sth. 为某人欢呼或为某人加油Cheer for . 为某人喝彩Eg: You should cheer him up by taking him to the movies. 你应该带他去看电影让他振奋起来。We all cheered him on during the race. 在比赛期间我们都为他欢呼。We all cheered for him when he scored the goal. 当他得分时我们都为他喝彩。【即学即用】1.His _ (cheer) smile brightened up the room.答案：cheerfu

7、l4.Humorous (形容词) 幽默的【用法讲解】 humorous在句中作表语和定语。Eg: His humorous remarks broke the ice at the party. 他在聚会上的幽默言论打破了尴尬的局面。The movie was humorous and we all enjoyed it. 这部电影很幽默，我们很喜欢。【派生词】 humour为不可数名词；humour还可为动词，译为“迁就、迎合”。Eg: The movie was full of humour. 这部电影充满了幽默。You should humour your boss when hes

8、in a bad mood. 当你老板心情不好时，你应该迁就他。【即学即用】1.The _ (humour) cartoon made everyone in the room burst into laughter.答案：humorous5.Caring (形容词) 关心他人的、体贴人的Eg: She is a very caring person who always looks out for others. 她是一个非常体贴的人，总是关心别人。【常见搭配】 show caring for sb. 对某人表现出关心Eg: She always shows caring for the e

9、lderly in her community. 她总是关心社区里的老人。【派生词】 careful为形容词，译为“小心的、仔细的、认真的”；careless为形容词，译为“粗心的”；care为动词，译为“关心、愿意”；care也可为名词，译为“关心、照顾、忧虑”。【常见搭配】 care for . 喜欢、关心或照顾Care about . 关心、挂念Take care of. 照顾 = look afterbe careful with . 小心.Be careful in doing sth.做某事时要小心Be careful to do sth.小心做某事Eg: She cares fo

10、r her plants like theyre her children. 她像照顾孩子一样照顾她的植物。We should care about the environment. 我们应该关心环境。Can you take care of my cat while Im away? 我离开的时候你能照顾一下我的猫吗？Please be careful with your things. 请小心保管你的东西。Be careful in crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。He is careful to read every sentence. 他小心翼翼地读每一个句子

11、。She is so careless that she didnt pass the exam. 她如此粗心以至于没有通过考试。【即学即用】( )1. He doesnt care _ the result of the exam. He just wants to have a good time.A.with B. for C. about D. at2.Be _ (care) when you cross the road. There are many cars.3.His _ (care) nature made him a beloved figure in the commun

12、ity.答案： 1. C 2. careful 3. caring6.Truth (名词) 事实【用法讲解】 truth作“真理”时为可数名词，其复数形式为truths；truth作“真话、实话”时为不可数名词，常与the连用。Eg: Several truths have emerged from the investigation.调查揭示了几个真相。He spoke the truth.他说了真话。【常见搭配】 (to) tell the truth 实话实说In truth 事实上Eg: Tell the truth, I dont like this place. 说实话，我不喜欢这

13、个地方。In truth, I knew nothing about the plan.事实上，我对计划一无所知。【派生词】 true为形容词，译为“真实的、正确的”；Truly为副词，译为“真实地、确实地”。Eg: The information he provided is true. 他提供的信息是真实的。I dont truly understand what you mean. 我真的不明白你的意思。【常见搭配】 come true 实现、成真For true 确实地、真实地To be true 确实如此、是真的Eg: Her dream of becoming a doctor f

14、inally came true.她成为医生的梦想终于是实现了。I saw it for true with my own eyes. 我亲眼看到了，这是真的。I believe it to be true, but Im not able to certify to that effect. 我相信它是真的，但我不能证实其真实性。【即学即用】 1.The _ (true) is often more complex than it appears.答案：truth7.Joke (名词) 笑话、玩笑【用法讲解】 joke为可数名词，其复数形式为jokes；joke还可为动词，译为“讲笑话”。E

15、g: He told a funny joke.他讲了一个有趣的笑话。She joked about her cooking skills. 她拿自己的厨艺开玩笑。【常见搭配】 tell a joke 讲笑话Play a joke on sb.捉弄某人、开某人的玩笑Make a joke about sth. 拿某事开玩笑No joke 不是闹着玩的Joke with sb.与某人说笑Eg: He likes to tell jokes at parties.他喜欢在聚会上讲笑话。They played a joke on him by hiding his keys.他们藏起他的钥匙捉弄他。

16、He made a joke about the rainy weather to lighten the mood. 他拿雨天开玩笑来活跃气氛。Climbing that mountain is no joke.爬那座山可不是开玩笑的。She often jokes with her colleagues during breaks. 她休息时常和同事们开玩笑。【即学即用】1.他经常告诫我不要和老年人开玩笑。He often tells me not to _ _ _ _ the old people.2.Her _ (joke) always brighten up my day.答案：

17、1. play a joke on 2. jokes8.Laugh (动词) 笑、发笑【用法讲解】 laugh还可为名词，译为“笑声、笑”。Eg: She laughed when she saw the puppy. 她看到小狗时笑了。Her laugh was infectious. 她的笑声很有感染力。【常见搭配】 laugh at sb./ sth. 嘲笑某人/某事Laugh about sth. 因某事而发笑Laugh off. 对.一笑置之Eg: Dont laugh at others mistakes. 不要嘲笑别人的错误。We laughed about the funny

18、incident.我们为那件有趣的事而发笑。He laughed off the criticism. 他对批评一笑置之。【派生词】 laughter为名词，译为“笑声”。Eg: Laughter is the best medicine. 笑声是最好的良药。【常见搭配】 a burst of laughter 一阵笑声Eg: There was a burst of laughter in the room. 房间里传来一阵笑声。【易混辨析】 laugh与laughter区别：laugh通常用于非正式场合或口语中，指代一次笑声或笑声的行为本身；laughter指笑声这一抽象概念，通常描述的是

19、多次笑声的集合或持续的笑声。Eg: A hearty laugh can do wonders for your mood. 开怀大笑对你的心情大有裨益。The room filled with laughter as the guests enjoyed the party.客人们在派对上尽情欢笑，房间里充满了笑声。【即学即用】1.看到他笨拙的跳舞姿势，我忍不住笑了。I couldnt help but _ _ his clumsy attempt to dance.答案：laugh at9.Teenager (名词) 青少年【用法讲解】 teenage为可数名词，其复数形式为teenage

20、rs。Eg: Many teenagers enjoy social media. 许多青少年喜欢社交媒体。【即学即用】1._ (青少年) often face many challenges during their adolescence.答案： Teenagers10.Unhappy (形容词) 不开心的【用法讲解】 unhappy在句中常作定语或表语。Eg: She looked unhappy when she heard the news.她听到这个消息时，看上去很不快乐。The unhappy expression on her face told me she had prob

21、lems.她脸上不快乐的表情告诉我她有问题。【常见搭配】 be unhappy with . 对某事物不满意Be happy about sth. 对某事物感到不快乐/担忧Eg: Im happy with my job. 我对我的工作不满意。She was unhappy about the decision to move. 她对搬家的决定感到不快乐。【派生词】 happiness为名词，译为“幸福、快乐”；unhappiness为名词，译为“不幸”；happy为形容词，译为“开心的、幸福的、快乐的”。Eg: Money doesnt always bring happiness. 金钱并

22、不总是带来快乐。He feels unhappiness because of his job. 他因工作感到不快乐。We are happy. 我们很快乐。【常见搭配】be happy to do sth. 开心做某事Be happy about/at sth. 对.高兴、开心Be happy with sth. 对.满意Eg: He was happy to be coming home. 他很高兴要回家了。We are happy at/about his letter. 收到他的信我们很开心。She is happy with this idea. 她对这个主意很满意。【即学即用】1.

23、He has been _ (happy) in his job for some time.答案：unhappy11.Lie (动词) 撒谎【用法讲解】 lie作动词，译为“说谎”时过去式为lied，过去分词为lied；lie作动词译为“平躺”等时，其过去式为lay，过去分词为lain；lie还可作名词，译为“谎言”。Eg: The cat is lying on the floor. 猫躺在地板上。He lied about his grades. 他撒谎了关于他的成绩。He told a lie to cover up his mistake.他撒谎来掩盖他的错误。【常见搭配】 tell

24、 a lie 说谎Lie to sb. 对某人说话Lie down 躺下Lie in bed 躺在床上The lie of the land 形势、局势Eg: You shouldnt tell a lie. 你不应该说谎。Dont lie to me! 别对我说谎！Lets lie down for a rest. 咱们躺下休息一会儿。He was lying in bed, sound asleep. 他正躺在床上，睡得很香。Before making a decision, we need to know the lie of the land. 在做决定之前，我们需要了解局势。【即学即

25、用】1.别再对我说谎了。我不想听。Dont _ _ _. I dont want to hear them.答案： tell me lies12.Person (名词) 人、个人【用法讲解】 person为可数名词，其复数形式为persons。Eg: Two persons are waiting for you outside. 有两个人在外面等你。【常见搭配】 in person 亲自、当面Eg: The manager will attend the meeting in person. 经理将亲自参加会议。【派生词】 personal为形容词，译为“个人的”。Eg: Thats my

26、personal opinion. 这是我的个人意见。【易混辨析】 person与people区别：Person为可数名词，指代一个具体的人，强调个体性；people为集合名词，指代两个人或更多人的群体，强调群体性。Eg: She is a kind and considerate person.她是一个善良体贴的人。Many people attended the concert last night. 昨晚许多人参加了音乐会。【即学即用】1.Being a perfect p_ is so difficult. We should accept ourselves with short -

27、 comings.答案：person13.Thought (名词) 想法、主意【用法讲解】 thought为可数名词，其复数形式为thoughts，译为“思想、想法”。Eg: He had some interesting thoughts on the future of technology. 他对未来科技有一些有趣的想法。Here are my thoughts on how to improve the project.这是我对于如何改进项目的看法。注意：thought同时也是think的过去式和过去分词。Eg: He thought they needed to know the d

28、irection to it. 他认为他们还需要知道到那里的方向。【常见搭配】 give thought to 考虑In deep thought 陷入沉思Eg: We need to give thought to the project before we start. 在我们开始之前，我们需要考虑这个项目。He was in deep thought for a long time. 他长时间陷入沉思。【派生词】 think为动词，译为“思考”。Eg: What do you think of this book? 你觉得这本书怎么样？【即学即用】1.The _ (think) kept

29、 going round and round in her head.答案：thought 14.Ponytail (名词) 马尾辫【用法讲解】 ponytail为可数名词，其复数形式为ponytails。Eg: The dancer has a shiny black ponytail. 舞者有一条乌黑发亮的马尾辫。【常见搭配】 wear/ have/ tie a ponytail 扎马尾辫Brush hair into a ponytail 把头发梳成马尾辫Eg: She wears a ponytail every day. 她每天都扎马尾辫。Mom brushes my hair in

30、to a ponytail every morning. 妈妈每天早上把我的头发梳成马尾辫。【即学即用】1.She wore her hair in a high _ (马尾辫) for the sports meeting.答案：ponytail15.Seat (名词) 座位【用法讲解】 seat作名词为可数名词，其复数形式为seats，还可译为“所在地、席位”；seat还可为动词，译为“安排座位、容纳人数、安装”。Eg: Please check your boarding pass for your assigned seat. 请查看登机牌上的指定座位。Beijing is the s

31、eat of government of China. 北京是中国政府所在地。Jack will win a seat in an election. 杰克将在选举中赢得一个席位。The protocol officer seated diplomats according to their ranks. 礼宾官按外交官级别安排入座。The amphitheater seats 1,200 with optimal sightlines. 该圆形剧场最佳观演区设1200座。Seat the valve carefully to prevent gas leakage. 仔细安装阀门底座以防气体

32、泄漏。【常见搭配】 take/ have a seat 坐下Seat oneself 自行坐下Book a seat 预定座位Eg: Can I have a seat here? 我可以坐这里吗？Please seat yourself. 请坐。I booked a seat on the high - speed train to Beijing on the Internet. 我在网上预定了去北京的高铁座位。【即学即用】1.Last year its 1431 _ (seat) were 94 percent occupied all year long.答案：seats16.Scho

33、olwork (名词) 学校作业【用法讲解】 schoolwork为不可数名词。Eg: She helps her children with their schoolwork.她帮助孩子完成学业。【常见搭配】 do schoolwork 做作业Heavy schoolwork 繁重的课业Eg: She helps her children do their schoolwork. 她帮助孩子完成学业。She has too much heavy schoolwork to do. 她有太多繁重的课业要做。【易混辨析】 schoolwork与homework区别：Schoolwork更强调学生在校期间需要完成的学习任务，范围更广，包括课堂作业、项目评估等；homework特指教师布置的需要带回家完成的学习任务。【即学即用】1.I need to take a break from _ (课业) and relax for a while.答案：schoolwork8