吉林省吉林市第一中学校高中英语 Unit4 Body Language Section II Learning about the language练习 新人教版必修4.doc

1、Section II Learning about the language一、课前预习I. 重点短语1. 保卫以免受 _2. 仿佛；好像 _3. 相反 _4. 被深深打动 _5. 从开始 _6. 打扫；清理 _7. 冲向 _II. 完成句子：用上面的短语完成下列句子。1. We should _ a persons ability, not what they wear. 我们应该关注一个人的能力而不是她们的穿着。2. Whenever they had free time, they would _ the computer room to use the machine. 他们一有时间就

2、赶到电脑室去用用那台机器。3. By the way, Im going to _ by tomorrow. 顺便说一下，我将在明天把所有的旧文档都清理掉。4. All the villagers took to the boats to _ arriving by sea.全体村民上了船，抵抗海上的来犯者，保卫他们的海岛。5. Trees _ tiny seeds. 树是从小种子开始生长的。6. You didnt bother me. _, I like your company. 你没有打扰我,相反地,我喜欢有你作伴。7. _ unsure of where she was, she h

3、esitated and looked round. 她彷佛茫然不知身在何处, 犹犹豫豫向四周打量.二、语法突破：非谓语动词 - V-ing形式作定语及状语V-ing 形式V-ing 形式由 “doing” 构成, 其否定形式是 “not doing”, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。主动语态被动语态一般式(not) doing(not) being done完成式(not) having done(not) having been done(一) V-ing 形式作定语1. 单个的V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这时有两种情况。1) -ing形式表示被修饰者的作

4、用或功能, 这类作定语的-ing形式叫动名词。如： No one is allowed to smoke in the reading room.That is a shop dealing in walking sticks.2) -ing形式表示 “的” 意思, 表被修饰者的动作或状态，叫现在分词。如： A barking dog seldom bites.The beginning students should be given more encouragement.2. V-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后。如:They are visitors coming fro

5、m several countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father. The question being discussed seems important. 3. V-ing作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能。如：in the following years = in the years that followed the man speaking to the teacher = the man who is sp

6、eaking to the teacher即境活用：1. The _ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. visiting; add B. visited; adding C. visiting; adding D. visited; added2. The wolf spoke in a _ voice and Mr. Dongguo felt _.A. frightening; frightenedB. frightened; fri

7、ghtened C. frighten; frightening D. frightening; frightening3. Its pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby.A. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept4. The _ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming.A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake 5. They set out _ for the _ boy.A. searching; losing B. s

8、earching; lost C. to search; lost D. searched; losing(二) V-ing做状语1. V-ing在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词或副词，通常和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系，表示时间、原因、方式、结果、条件或伴随情况等。使用时要注意各种形式变化：Hearing the cry for help, they all rushed out.原因状语，hear和rush out几乎同时发生。We sat by the window, talking about what had happened.伴随状语，talk 和sit同时发生。 Thinking it

9、 over, you will not take the job. 条件状语，Not having received the answer, he wrote again.原因状语，receive发生在write之前。Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide. 原因状语，be there在offer之前发生。 Being poor, the little Tom cant continue his school. 原因状语，Being used by me now, the bike cant be lent to you

10、.原因状语，主句从句动作同时发生。2. V-ing作状语相当于一个状语从句的句法功能，如：(1) 时间状语Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.= When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.= While he was waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China

11、 Daily.(2) 原因状语Being ill, he didnt go to school.= Because/As he was ill, he didnt go to school.Being a student, you should study hard.= Since you are a student, you should study hard.Thinking he might be at home, I called him.= As I thought he might be at home, I called him.(3) 方式、伴随情况等状语：He sat on

12、the sofa, watching TV. = He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.He stood leaning against the wall.= He stood and leaned against the wall.(4) 结果状语Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.= Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.The song is sung all over the co

13、untry, making it the most popular song.= The song is sung all over the country, which makes it the most popular song.(5) 条件状语Using your head, you will find a way. = If you use your head, you will find a way.Walking ahead, you will see a white house.= If you walk ahead, you will see a white house.3.

14、V-ing与逻辑主语构成独立主格：分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不构成主谓关系时, 要用独立主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个逻辑主语。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Time permitting, well do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡

15、着了。4. V-ing作独立成分：Judging from (by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。Supposing that something would go wrong, what would you do then? 假如出现什么问题，你打算如何应对？即境活用：I. 根据A句完成B句, 使两句意思不变。1. A: When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.B: _ _ Ms Smith, he touched her s

16、houlder and kissed her. 2. A: The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages.B: The person _ _ _ can speak seven languages.3. A: The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. B: The boy _ _ _ there is reading a book about body language.4. A: Because he comes from J

17、ordan, he moves close to ask you a question.B: _ _ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.5. A: She sat at the desk and did her homework.B: She sat at the desk _ _ _.6. A: After they had done their homework, the children played football. B: _ _ _ _, the children played football. 7. A: If you w

18、ork hard, you will do well in the exam.B: _ _, you will do well in the exam.8. A: The boy fell so that he struck his head against the door and cut it. B: The boy fell, _ _ _ against the door and _ _. 9. A: She sat there and stared at the ceiling. B: She sat there, _ _ _ _. 10. A: Although he is not

19、rich, he helped the poor generously. B: _ _ _, he helped the poor generously. II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Not _ (know) his address, I couldnt go to see him yesterday.2. Look out for cars when _ (cross) the street.3. Not _ (invite) to the party, Mary was greatly hurt.4. He dived into the water, _ (leave) onl

20、y his face exposed.5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _ (read) , “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.”6. _ (take) a deep breath, they dived into the water.7. _ (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.III. 改错1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you

21、what I think of it.2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay.3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful.4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.5. “Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Knocking at th

22、e door before entering, please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.三、课后自测（一）基础知识自测 I. 单词拼写 1. She demonstrated how best to _ (保卫) oneself.2. His _ (声明) made an unprecedented splash.3. At the same time he joined an _ (团体).4. Im sorry, I must _ (

23、奔跑) away now, Im already late for the concert.5. If I am having a holiday, also I possibly travel in _(意大利).II单项选择1. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared2. Whenever

24、he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing.A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said 3. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait 4. _, the more expensiv

25、e the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking generalC. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally5. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. SufferingC. To suffer D. Suffered6. The student sat there, _ what to do.A. doe

26、snt knowing B. didnt knowing C. not know D. not knowing7. _ the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door.A. Playing B. When I was playingC. Repairing D. Examining 8. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when

27、 to be taken9. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.A. Not completing B. Not completedC. Not having completed D. Having not completed10. “We cant go out in this weather”, said Bob, _ out of the window.A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked（二）能力提升自测1. Few of us think

28、 that is an effective _ to deal with this problem.A. way B. means C. method D. approach2. Look, dark clouds are gathering. It is _ to rain soon.A. probable B. possible C. likely D. perhaps3. - Peter has always been spoken highly of by his colleagues.- Thats why he has been elected _ manager of his c

29、ompany.A. generous B. gentleC. generalD. genetic4. The new model is one _ to teaching information literacy skills.A. attitude B. appearance C. approach D. altitude5. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung6. The problem _ at the meeting now

30、is how to help the local economy develop quickly.A. discussing B. discuss C. being discussed D. to be discussed7. _ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized that he had left the cheque in the car.A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited D. To have waited8. _ their hats into the air

31、, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown9. Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made _ in the restaurant. A. working B. work C. to work D. worked10. _ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll

32、 on her bed. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen11. _ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked12. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what I was going to do. A. movedB. moving C. to m

33、oveD. being moved13. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March.A. has been launched B. having been launchedC. being launched D. to be launched14. Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon.A. said B. says C. s

34、aying D. to say15. He is a student at Oxford University, _ for a degree in computer science.A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying（三）智能拓展训练I. 阅读理解 With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, its not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor

35、 just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someones face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps (处于沮丧中), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worke

36、r, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I dont know the person Im joking around with. My Grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest jo

37、b anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy (礼貌) to speak to others that are around you.I know of a few people that dont have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great jo

38、ke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They dont get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke?Laughing is essential to keep your stress level

39、s under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into

40、our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.1. According to the author, humor is useful in the aspect that _. A. it makes people more confident B. it can pick up people s spirits C. it can help get rid of the cruelty in the wo

41、rld D. it can help people get on well with others2. The author answers the question in the second paragraph with _. A. facts and descriptions B. evidence and argument C. examples and conclusion D. stories and persuasion3. The phrase “busting a gut in the third paragraph can be replaced by _. A. expl

42、aining carefullyB. speaking loud C. keeping silent D. laughing hard4. In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to _. A. talk about his own understanding of humor B. encourage people to be humorous in daily life C. introduce a practical way to get through daily life D. convince people of the

43、 power of being optimistic about life5. What is the authors attitude towards the present world? A. Positive.B. Critical.C. Satisfied.D. Indifferent.II. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Students will need to use all of their skills in order to understand the reading selections in Readers Choi

44、ce 1 These selections provide practice on employing different reading skills to get the message of the writerThey also give students practice in four basic reading skills: skimming, scanning, reading for thorough comprehension, and critical readingSkimming involves reading quickly through a text to

45、get an overall idea of its contentsThis kind of rapid reading is suitable when you are trying your best to decide if careful reading is desirable or 2 Like skimming, scanning is also quick readingHowever, in this case the search is more concentrated 3 When you read to find a particular date, or numb

46、er you are scanningReading for thorough comprehension is carefully reading in order to understand the total meaning of the passageAt this level of comprehension the reader is able to summarize the authors ideas 4 Critical reading demands that a reader makes judgments about what he or she readsThis k

47、ind of reedit requires posting and answering questions such as “ 5 ”, “Do I share the authors point of view?” and “Am I convinced by the authors arguments and evidence?A. Does my own experience support that of the author?B. Readers Choice is one of the most popular magazines in the worldC. but has n

48、ot yet made a critical evaluation of those ideasD. The book contains many types of selections on a wide variety of topicsE. To scan is to read quickly in order to find out specific informationF. Do I know about the author?G. when there is no time to read something carefullySection II Learning about

49、the language一、课前预习I. 重点短语1. defend against2. as if 3. on the contrary 4. be impressed with/ by5. begin as 6. clean out7. dash over toII. 完成句子：用上面的短语完成下列句子。1. be impressed with 2. dash over to 3. clean out all the old files 4. defend their island against the attackers 5. begin as6. On the contrary7.

50、as if二、语法突破： (一) V-ing 形式作定语1. C. 考查分词作定语及状语。visiting意为“来访的”，修饰The Prime Minister，表示正在进行的动作，两者为主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。2. A. 考查分词作定语及表语。句意为：狼的声音令人恐惧(frightening)，东郭先生感到害怕(frightened)。3. C. 考查分词作定语。sleeping相当于who is sleeping.4. A. 考查分词作定语。shaking相当于which was shaking. 5. C. 考查非谓语动词。句意为：他们出发去寻找失踪的孩子。第一空为动词不定式充当

51、目的状语。第二空lost为形容词，“丢失的；失踪的”。 (二) V-ing做状语I. 1. When approaching 2. translating the songs3. who is standing4. Coming from5. doing her homework 6. Having done their homework 7. Working hard8. striking his head; cutting it 9. staring at the ceiling 10. Not being richII. 1. knowing 2. crossing 3. having

52、been invited 4. leaving 5. reading 6. Taking 7. Having closed III. 1. Having not - Not having2. worked - working3. Seen - Seeing4. speak - speaking5. pointed - pointing6. Knocking - Knock7. made - making三、课后自测（一）基础知识自测 I. 单词拼写 1. defend 2. statement 3. association 4. dash 5. ItalyII单项选择1. C. 考查分词作状语

53、。compare 与主语 we 为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语，表时间。2. A. 考查分词作状语。say 与主语he 为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语，表伴随。3. C. 考查分词作定语。wait 与所修饰词visitor 为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。4. A. 考查分词的独立成分。generally speaking 为固定搭配，充当句中的独立成分，无形式变化。5. A. 考查分词作状语。suffer与主语it为逻辑上的主谓关系，且发生在谓语动词动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。6. D. 考查分词作状语。sat为谓语动词，句中无连词，因此know要用非谓语动

54、词形式，非谓语动词的否定式为not+ to do/ doing/ done，故选D。7. B. 考查分词的逻辑主语。句中的主语someone与选项中的动词既无逻辑上的主谓关系，也无动宾关系，因此可用从句或独立主格。8. B. 考查分词作状语。take与主语the drug为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语，表时间。9. C. 考查分词否定式作状语。complete与主语they为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词，B项错误；complete动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，应用完成式，A项错误；not应放在非谓语动词前，D项错误，故选C。10. A. 考查分词作状语。look与主语Bob为逻辑上的主

55、谓关系，故用现在分词作状语，表伴随。（二）能力提升自测1. A. 考查名词词义及用法。句意为：几乎没人想到这是解决这一问题的有效途径。选项中只有way后接to do，approach后接to doing。2. C. 考查形容词辨析。句意为：看哪，乌云密布，可能要下雨了。此句为表面上看来有可能发生，且主语为it，指天气，故用likely。3. C. 考查形容词辨析。general manager意为“总经理”。4. C.考查名词辨析。attitude to / towards指“对的态度”；appearance指“出现”；approach指“方法；途径”，后常接to；altitude指“海拔；高

56、度”。根据句意，这里指一种“教学方法”，所以用approach。5. B. 考查分词作定语。句意为：挂在墙上的画是我侄子画的。hang与所修饰的名词the picture为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。6. C. 考查分词作定语。being discussed 表示正在进行的被动动作。7. C. 考查分词作状语。wait发生在谓语动词动作之前，且与主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词的完成式作状语，表时间。8. C. 考查分词作状语。throw与主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，且与谓语动词动作同时发生，故用现在分词。9. A. 考查分词作状语。Lucys new job 是句子的主语，paid

57、 为谓语动词，其宾语是原级比较中的twice as much as , 因此该空应使用非谓语动词，work与主语she之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。10. A. 考查分词作状语。See与主语I为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。11. B. 考查分词作状语。主语是he与动词walk之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语，表示伴随状态。12. B. 考查分词作状语。在as引导的时间状语从句的主句中，and连接主句的两个谓语动词stood与asked，moving在这里是非谓语动词，作stood的方式状语，故答案选B。13. B. 考查独立主格形式。此句前后句没连词，只有

58、逗号是不能连接两个句子的,所以后边the most recent _ at the end of last March就是独立主格的形式，在句中做伴随状语。14. C.考查分词作定语。句意为“彼特刚刚收到一封来信，信上说他的祖母不久将要来看望他”。say的主语应该是前文中的letter，两者为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。15. B. 考查分词作状语。句意为：他是牛津大学的学生，攻读计算机科学学位。在这里，is表明他现在是牛津的学生，是一种持续的现在进行状态，所以，用studying表示正在进行。（三）智能拓展训练I. 阅读理解 面对世上的战争、斗争和悲伤，如何才能让自己快乐地生活呢？

59、学会幽默，你就可以做到这一点。作者通过自己的很多亲身经历，说明了幽默的作用，鼓励人们学会幽默，以积极的态度面对生活。1. B. 细节推断题。根据第一段中的“Putting a smile on someones face when you know they arefeeling down in the dumps, as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart.”可知幽默可以让那些情绪低落的人脸上露出微笑，由此判断幽默的作用在于提高人们的情绪。2. C. 推理判断题。在第二段中作者提到了自己和奶奶在日常生活中非常幽默，这是

60、在举例说明；第二段的最后一句话是在总结幽默在日常生活中的作用，故选C。 3. D. 词义推断题。根据第三段中“Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke, but they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They dont get the joke that makes others laugh.”可知并不是所有的人都能理解一个笑话的可笑之处，有些人会笑得不得了，而有些人却无动于衷；然后作者再根据

61、自己亲身体会进一步说明：他大笑的时候，而那些人却只是坐在那里，像看着外星人一样地看着他，由此可判断用D项代替bust a gut。4. B. 主旨推断题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段最后一句“So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.”可知作者是在说明幽默的作用后来鼓励人们在日常生活中学会幽默应对这个压力重重的世界。5. B. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today .”以及末段的“There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy.”可知作者对当前的世界持批判的态度。II. 1-5 DGECA