2020-2021学年新教材高中英语 Unit 3 Environmental Protection Section Ⅲ Using Language .doc

1、Unit 3 Environmental Protection课时作业(九)Unit 3Section Using Language & Assessing Your Progress阅读理解A Tiny microbes (微生物) are at the heart of a new agricultural technique to manage harmful greenhouse gas emissions. Scientists have discovered that microbes can be used to turn carbon dioxide into soilenri

2、ching limestone(石灰岩) with the help of a type of tree that grows in tropical areas, such as West Africa. Researchers have found that when the iroko tree is grown in dry, acidic soil and treated with a combination of natural fungi(真菌) and other bacteria, not only does the tree grow well, it also produ

3、ces mineral limestone in the soil around its roots. The iroko tree makes a mineral by combining calcium from the earth with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Bacteria then create the conditions under which this mineral turns into limestone. The discovery offers a new way to lock carbon dioxide int

4、o the soil, keeping it out of the atmosphere. In addition to storing carbon dioxide in the trees leaves and in the form of limestone, the mineral in the soil makes it more suitable for agriculture. The discovery could lead to reforestation projects in tropical countries, and help reduce carbon dioxi

5、de emissions in the atmosphere in the developing world. It has already been used in West Africa and is being tested in Bolivia, Haiti and India. The findings were made in a threeyear project involving researchers from the University of Edinburgh, Lausanne, Granada and Delft University of Technology.

6、 The project examined several microbiological methods for locking carbon dioxide as limestone, and the irokobacteria way showed the best results. Work was funded by the European Commission under the Future & Emerging Technologies (FET) scheme. Dr Bryne Ngwenya of the University of Edinburghs School

7、of Geosciences, who led the research, said, “By taking advantage of this natural limestoneproducing process, we have a lowtech, safe and easily operating way to lock carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, while improving farming conditions in tropical countries.”1The passage mainly introduces _. Asom

8、e useful natural fungi and bacteria Ba new way to deal with greenhouse gas emissions Ca newly found tree in West Africa Dthe soilenriching limestone created by scientists2Which of the following is TRUE about tiny microbes? AMost tiny microbes like living in dry, acidic soil. BCarbon dioxide can be b

9、roken down by natural fungi and bacteria. CThe more greenhouse gas is, the more active tiny microbes become. DTiny microbes get along well with the iroko tree in special soil.3What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? ACarbon dioxide. BCarbon.CSoil. DLimestone.4According t

10、o the passage, what can we infer? AThe action of the tiny microbes can increase the oxygen in the earth. BResearchers have done the experiment on trees in Africa for three years. CResearchers tend to use natural power to solve their problems. DWest Africa is one of the most polluted areas all over t

11、he world.5According to the passage, the irokobacteria method _. Acan be used to improve the farming land Bcan save a lot of seriously destroyed woods Chas been popularized in Bolivia, Haiti and India Dshould be spread all around the world in the futureB In New Jersey, theres a row of houses with a g

12、reen lawn (草坪) that kids cant enjoy. “Its really frustrating. These lawns are useless to me，” Alice, a suburban mom in New Jersey said. She lives in a beautiful community full of green lawns. Its the middle of summer, but there are no dandelions (蒲公英) in sight. And thats the problem: the lawns are s

13、o green because theyre full of pesticides(杀虫剂). Warning signs urge parents to keep kids off the chemicalladen grass. Alice says that most lawns and parks in her area are like this. There are plenty of them, but her kids cant play in them. “I just want to let my baby experience the grass，” she said.

14、“Also, Im sure its not good for animals. The other day, a woman found a dead deer in her backyard.” In the 1940s, people often mixed clover (三叶草) with grass to keep lawns strong, which benefited the environment. But over the last few decades, pesticides have taken over. In 2012, the world spent $56

15、billion on pesticides. They go into farms, lawns, parks and just about anywhere where humans grow plants. These chemicals keep parks grass and flowers perfect. They just make them useless as actual parks. That may be more than just annoying. New research has shown that play is good for kids. It help

16、s them discover the world and learn how to get along with other people. But its hard to get enough play in when there are so few public spaces where kids can play. And the few that exist are often covered in chemicals that make parents uncomfortable. There are things to take the place of pesticides,

17、 like planting a lawn full of clover. Besides, maybe a dandelion here or there isnt the worst thing.6Why do parents ask their kids to keep off the grass?ATo shelter kids from damage.BTo protect the environment.CTo let kids avoid seeing the dead deer.DTo let kids have more time to study.7What can we

18、infer from Paragraph 4?AClover has been popular all the time.BThe world focuses on building parks.CChemicals help crops grow well in the parks.DNowadays parks arent what they used to be.8New research on kids in Paragraph 5 is mentioned to _.Ashow play is kids natureBadvise planting more cloverCprese

19、nt chemicals bad effects on kidsDencourage kids to get on well with othersC There was one thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy traffic. At present, we realize that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the pro

20、blem is really worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in distant areas away from any industrial cities. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be infected by air pollution.

21、Some scientists consider that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) is creating a “greenhouse effect”keeping heat reflected from the earth and raising the worlds average temperature. If this view is correct and the worlds

22、temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be in water. Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earths temperaturea

23、 result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. Today we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen. Perhaps, if we are luc

24、ky enough, the two tendencies will offset each other and the worlds temperature will stay about the same as it is now. Driven by economic profits, people ignore the damage on our environment caused by the “advanced civilization”. Maybe the air pollution is the price the human beings have to pay for

25、their development. But is it really worthwhile?9People used to think that air pollution _.Acaused widespread damage in the countrysideBaffected the entire eastern half of the United StatesChad a very bad effect on healthDexisted merely in urban and industrial areas10As to the greenhouse effect, the

26、author _.Ashares the same view with the scientistsBis uncertain of its occurrenceCrejects it as being ungroundedDthinks that it will destroy the world soon11The underlined word “offset” in the third paragraph could be replaced by “ _ ”Acounteract Bbreak fromCget along Dcommunicate12If the worlds tem

27、perature lowered just a few degrees _.Ait would not do much harm to life on earthBit would lead major farming areas to disasterCparticular things would increase greatly in the atmosphereDseas and oceans would flood many cities课时作业(九)阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家发现在伊罗科树的帮助下，微生物可以将二氧化碳转化为石灰岩，这种方法可以用来处理温室

28、气体。1答案与解析：B主旨大意题。根据第一段首句可知，微生物是处理有害温室气体的农业新技术的核心，本文介绍的就是利用这种新技术处理温室气体的方法，故B项正确。2答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，当伊罗科树生长在干燥、酸性的土壤中并经过天然真菌和其他细菌的组合处理后，它不仅生长良好，还会在根部周围的土壤中产生矿物质石灰岩。由此可知，在某种特殊的土壤中，伊罗科树能够和微生物相处得很好，故D项正确。3答案与解析：C词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句In addition to storing carbon dioxide in the trees leaves and in the form

29、of limestone, the mineral in the soil makes it more suitable for agriculture.可知，除了在树叶中和以石灰岩的形式储存二氧化碳外，土壤中的矿物质使土壤更适合农业生产。由此可知，it指代的就是前面提到的“土壤”，故C项正确。4答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的The project examined several microbiological methods for locking carbon dioxide as limestone, and the irokobacteria way showed th

30、e best results.可知，该项目研究了多种将二氧化碳锁定为石灰岩的微生物方法，其中伊罗科树与细菌结合的方法效果最好。再结合最后一段内容可知，研究人员倾向于使用自然力量来解决温室气体的问题，故C项正确。5答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据最后一段中Dr Bryne Ngwenya的话可知，通过利用这种天然的石灰岩生产过程，“我们”有了一种不涉及高科技的、安全的、易于操作的方法来阻止二氧化碳进入大气，同时改善热带国家的农业条件。由此可知，这种方法能够用于改善耕地，故A项正确。D项干扰性较强，但文中并未提及这种技术将来应被普及到全世界，故该项不入选。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。现在，草坪等

31、城市绿化常使用杀虫剂等化学药品去除害虫，但草坪杀虫剂的使用也容易给人和动物造成伤害，使得孩子们玩耍的公共空间在不断缩小。6答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And thats the problem：the lawns are so green because theyre full of pesticides(杀虫剂)”可知，草坪上大量的杀虫剂会对孩子造成一定的危害，故父母不愿意自己的孩子在草坪上玩耍。7答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“These chemicals keep parks grass and flowers perfect. They just make t

32、hem useless as actual parks.”可知，化学药品虽然让植物茁壮成长，但是已经让公园变得不再像过去那样适合公众游玩，故选D项。8答案与解析：C推理判断题。第五段提到新的研究表明，玩耍对孩子有益，有利于他们探索未知世界和学会与人交往，但化学物的使用使得孩子玩耍的公共空间在不断缩小，影响极坏，故选C项。C【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了空气污染可能会给我们造成的影响。9答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，人们过去认为空气污染只存在于工厂林立的工业区和交通拥挤的大城市当中。故答案选D。10答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中的“If this view is

33、 correct and.”和第三段中的“Today we do not know for sure.”可知，作者并不确定这种观点(来自化石燃料燃烧的二氧化碳会导致温室效应，使全球变暖)是否正确。故答案选B。11答案与解析：A词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子及其前一句可知，我们不知道这两种可能情况(全球变暖和全球变冷)中的哪种会发生，如果我们足够幸运的话，这两种现象会相互抵消中和，温度依然会保持不变。因此，offset应为“补偿；抵消”之意，故答案选A。12答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，温度降低几度的话，就会出现类似冰川时代的现象，农业将会变得很困难甚至是不可能了。故答案选B。