2020-2021学年新教材高中英语 Unit 3 The world of science Developing ideas素养练习（含解析）外研版必修第三册.doc

1、Unit 3Developing ideas. 单句语法填空1. The woman injured (injury) in the car crash is still under treatment in hospital. 2. Only then did he realize the significance(significant) of protecting wild animals. 3. A chemical experiment conducted(conduct) in the classroom greatly interested all the pupils. 4.

2、On returning home, she found a note attached(attach) to the door, reading “Call in later”. 5. Id like to make it clear that I had nothing to do with this. 6. I have no idea what we can do with these waste materials in the future. 7. The flight was put off on account of bad weather, so I had no choic

3、e but to wait at the airport. 8. Presently, a minority(minor) of the students at this school cheats during exams. 9. More than one student has passed (pass) the examination up to now. 10 He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately(accurate). . 完成句子1. The teacher, along with all his stud

4、ents, is going to have a picnic this weekend. 老师打算这个周末与所有学生一起去野餐。2. Anne raised her voice in order to be heard. 为了让他人能听得见, 安妮提高了嗓门。3. Neither you nor he knows the answer. 你和他都不知道答案。4. She came up with a new suggestion to solve the problem as well. 她也提出了一种解决这个问题的新建议。5. I have no idea why he refused t

5、o discuss these things further. 我不知道他为什么拒绝进一步讨论这些事。6. Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on some heavy time-consuming housework. 除了照顾孩子, 她还要承担一些耗费大量时间的家务。. 阅读理解A(2020济南高一检测)Every year, over 7. 72 trillion kilograms of plastic is washed into the oceans. There are five huge areas in t

6、he worlds oceans that are a “soup” of floating rubbish. One of these areas, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP), is three times as large as France. Over a year ago, a group called Ocean Cleanup began using a huge floating screen to try to clean up plastic pollution in the ocean. After several fai

7、lures, the group is now collecting plastic in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. But the plastic is spreading out over a large area, so its impossible to collect it piece by piece. So, the Ocean Cleanup had a plan. They got a long floating U-shaped tube with a screen hanging below it. As the tube and

8、screen are pushed by the water and the winds, the U is meant to collect plastic rubbish, making it easy for a ship to collect and remove the plastic. The system uses the power of the wind and ocean, so it doesnt need fuel. The group began testing the first version, called “System 001”, last Septembe

9、r. But it soon became clear that the screen was just moving with the plastic, not collecting it. Sometimes plastic would wash over the top of the tube. Even worse, System 001 got broken by surging seas and had to be towed to Hawaii for repairs. But Mr Slat, who got the idea for the Ocean Cleanup sys

10、tem, sees the project as an experiment, which means a failure is a chance to learn. The team collected and studied lots of information about what worked well and what didnt. Then they changed the design. In June, an improved version, called “System 001/B” was towed back to the GPGP. The new version

11、has a parachute (降落伞) attached to it. This makes the system move slightly slower than the plastic, allowing the plastic to be collected inside, as planned. But this success is still just the beginning of the work of the Ocean Cleanup. They want a better and larger system. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了每年有大量塑料垃

12、圾被冲入海洋并漂浮在海面上, 一个叫Ocean Cleanup的团队研制出了收集塑料垃圾的工具并不断地进行完善。1. What does the author want to show in Paragraph 1?A. Humans should try to prevent plastic waste. B. The GPGP is facing different kinds of pollution. C. Plastic pollution in the oceans has become a serious problem. D. A series of problems has

13、been caused by plastic pollution. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段可知每年有超过7. 72万亿千克的塑料被冲进海洋。世界上有五个巨大的海洋区域是漂浮垃圾的“汤”。其中的大太平洋垃圾带(GPGP)的面积是法国的三倍。由此可推知, 在第一段中, 作者通过列数字的方式是想表达海洋中的塑料污染已经成为一个严重的问题。故选C。2. What was the groups plan?A. To make use of the water and the winds. B. To create a ship to collect waste in the oceans.

14、 C. To collect the floating plastic waste piece by piece. D. To gather up the floating plastic waste in the oceans. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段可知一年多前, 一个名为海洋清理的组织开始使用一个巨大的浮动屏来清理海洋中的塑料污染。经过几次失败后, 该组织现在正在大太平洋垃圾带收集塑料。由此可知, 这个团体的计划是收集海洋中漂浮的塑料垃圾。故选D。3. What can we know about the “System 001”?A. It was a failure.

15、B. It was a great success. C. It worked with a parachute. D. It needed to be fueled regularly. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段可知, 这块屏只是随着塑料的移动而移动, 而不能收集垃圾。有时塑料会从管子的顶部冲洗出来。更糟糕的是, System 001被汹涌的海浪打破, 不得不被拖到夏威夷进行维修, 以及由第四段可知, 产生海洋清理系统想法的Slat认为, 这个项目是一个实验, 也就是说, 失败是一个学习的机会。由此可知, System 001失败了。故选A。4. What does the un

16、derlined word mean in Paragraph 3?A. Vast. B. Rough. C. Calm. D. Peaceful. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据上文Even worse, System 001 got broken(更糟糕的是, 系统001被汹涌的海浪打破)可知, 画线单词意思为“汹涌的, 猛烈的”。故选B。BFoldable future has arrivedTablets are really useful devices, but their big screens always make them as a burden to carry arou

17、nd without a bag. Wouldnt it be great if there were a phone with the powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit into the hand?Now something like a tablet-shaped but foldable phone is about to show up. In February, Republic of Korean electronics company Samsung and Chinas Huawei both produced

18、 foldable phones, The Galaxy Fold and Huawei Mate X. Mobile phone use has entered the “foldable future”, The Verge said. The technology could change our lives in meaningful ways. These devices, because of their bendable screens, give us the larger screens we want. Meanwhile, they still fit easily in

19、to the pocket. The technology could change other devices too. For example, we could make TVs that stick to walls like posters, or fold up easily to hide away in drawers. In crowded modern cities, they will help us to make full use of space. In a speech, Samsungs senior vice president of mobile produ

20、ct marketing, Justin Denison, called the foldable screen “the base for the smartphone of tomorrow”. “Its a white paper for us to do something beautiful together, ” he said. According to tech news website Android Authority, the necessary parts of foldable phones were difficult to produce. In 2012, ni

21、ne out of every 10 OLED screens produced were not perfect. Today, that 10 percent rate has been improved to between 50 and 90 percent. However, at present these foldable devices are expensive. For example, the price of Huawei Mate X is 17, 500 RMB. Thats a price that few people will be able to affor

22、d. But if the foldable device isnt going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming. Patrick Moorhead, an industry analyst told The Verge, “Few are debating if foldable mobile screens are the future of smartphones; the only question is when and by whom. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了可折叠

23、手机时代即将到来。5. What is the main idea of Paragraphs 3 and 4?A. Possible advantages of the foldable screens. B. Where the idea of foldable screens came from. C. Popular foldable screen devices on the market. D. Peoples words on the foldable screen. 【解析】选A。段落大意题。由第三段第一句The technology could change our live

24、s in meaningful ways. (科技可以以有意义的方式改变我们的生活)和第四段第一句The technology could change other devices too. (这项技术也可以改变其他设备)可知, 三、四两段主要讲述了可折叠屏幕可能存在的优点。故选A项。6. What can we learn from Denisons words?A. The Galaxy Fold still has many problems. B. The foldable screen has bright future. C. The production of foldable

25、phones will soon increase. D. Companies need to work together to develop foldable phones. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第五段的In a speech. . . Justin Denison, called the foldable screen “the base for the smartphone of tomorrow”. “Its a white paper for us to do something beautiful together, ” he said. (Justin Denison在

26、一次演讲中称, 可折叠屏幕是“未来智能手机的基础”。“这是一份白皮书, 让我们一起做一些美好的事情, ”他说。)可推断出, 可折叠屏幕会有光明的未来。故选B项。7. Which statement is TRUE about the problem of foldable phones now?A. 90 percent of their screens are not perfect. B. Their screens are difficult to produce. C. They are too expensive for most families. D. They are not

27、as useful as thought. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由倒数第二段的However, at present these foldable devices are expensive. For example, the price of Huawei Mate X is 17, 500 RMB. Thats a price that few people will be able to afford. (然而, 目前这些可折叠装置价格昂贵。例如, 华为Mate X的价格是人民币17 500元。这个价格很少有人能负担得起。)可知, 可折叠产品价格昂贵, 很少人负担得起。故选C项。8

28、. What is the authors attitude toward the future of the foldable screen?A. Positive. B. Unconcerned. C. Worried. D. Cautious. 【解析】选A。观点态度题。由最后一段第一句But if the foldable device isnt going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming. (但如果这个可折叠装置不会一夜之间改变世界, 那也毫无疑问, 总有一天这会到来)可知, 作者对

29、可折叠产品持有积极态度。故选A项。. 阅读填句Americans spend a lot of money in their daily lives. Working people spend money on transportation to and from work and on various expenses throughout the day. Americans enjoy shopping and buy many things that they need and want. 1 They buy sports equipment, go to the movies an

30、d do many things that cost money. However, many Americans dont pay cash or write checks for these things. 2 Credit cards are small, rectangular plastic cards. It is very convenient to carry them about. 3 When the customer buys something at a store, he shows his card at the store. This permits the st

31、ore to charge the bank for the customers purchase. The bank collects all the charges for each customer. Then once a month the bank requires the customer to pay the charges for that month. 4 It allows the customer to pay for the charges in several payments over a period of time. However, the bank req

32、uires the customer to pay interest(利息)on the unpaid part of the charges. In this way the bank allows customers to buy things they cannot afford at one time. People can use the card to buy what they want and pay for it over a period of time. 5A. It brings great benefits to the rich. B. Banks give the

33、se cards to their customers. C. They spend a lot of money on entertainment. D. They also do not need to carry a lot of money. E. People may spend less money in this way. F. More and more Americans pay for things with credit cards. G. The bank does not force the customer to pay the full amount. 【文章大意

34、】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要叙述美国人喜欢购物且喜欢用信用卡支付, 以及说明信用卡的特点。1. 【解析】选C。根据后句They buy sports equipment, go to the movies and do many things that cost money. “他们买一些运动设备、去看电影和做许多花钱的事情。”可知, 他们花很多钱在休闲娱乐上面。故选C。2. 【解析】选F。根据后句Credit cards are small, rectangular plastic cards. 对信用卡进行解释的提示可知, 越来越多的美国人选择用信用卡付款。故选F。3. 【解析】选B。根据

35、后句When the customer buys something at a store, he shows his card at the store. “当顾客在商店买东西的时候, 他出示他的信用卡。”可知, 银行首先把信用卡给客户符合语境。故选B。4. 【解析】选G。根据前句Then once a month the bank requires the customer to pay the charges for that month. 和后句It allows the customer to pay for the charges in several payments over

36、a period of time. 提示可知, 银行并不强制客户全额付款, 客户只要在一段时间内偿还所有金额即可。故选G。5. 【解析】选D。根据前两句In this way the bank allows customers to buy things they cannot afford at one time. People can use the card to buy what they want and pay for it over a period of time. 可知, 人们可以使用这种卡购买他们想要的东西, 还可以在一段时间内慢慢支付, 由此可知, D项“他们也不需要带大

37、量的现金。”符合语境。故选D。阅读理解They say music is universal, and it seems to be true since wherever we go, we see people listening, playing or dancing to it. We tend to think that music is larger than our cultural differences and shows the deeper connections between us. But according to a recent study published

38、in the journal Current Biology, music doesnt speak to everyone. There is a condition, the researchers argue, called “musical anhedonia”. They say that those who have this condition lack the ability to experience pleasure from music. For the study, 30 people listened to the same, mostly classical mus

39、ic pieces. They were then asked to complete a questionnaire on how they felt about the music. At the same time, the researchers measured their heart rate and skin reaction, which are considered physiological measures of emotion. According to the researchers, most of the people in the study got pleas

40、ure from the music. They had a quicker heartbeat and sweated more. However, a small number had very little and even no pleasant feeling while they listened. These people had none or very few of the physical signs the others in the study experienced. The researchers say that this means people have di

41、fferent abilities to enjoy music and that “there are people who specifically cant enjoy music at all”, study author Josep Marco-Pallres of the University of Barcelona in Spain told Live Science. To study the condition further, another group of scientists, at Columbia University, US, researched brain

42、 activities. They found that the key is the blood flow to the reward system in the brain. “People who got less pleasure from music had lower blood flow to areas involved in the reward system of the brain when listening to music, ” reported the Daily Mail. The lower blood flow makes it more likely th

43、at the brains “reward system” will not be active. Thus, it will produce less of the “pleasure chemical” dopamine. As a result, people get less pleasure from music. If the research is correct, according to National Public Radio, there are simply people who just dont get music. They may get pleasure f

44、rom many things, but a good song isnt one of them. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项研究显示音乐快感缺失的人不能从音乐中体会快感, 并介绍了研究原因和过程。1. What do we know about people with musical anhedonia?A. They usually avoid listening to music. B. They like to listen to certain types of music. C. They believe cultural differences are la

45、rger than music. D. They cant feel the pleasure that music brings to others. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“他们说那些有这种情况的人缺乏从音乐那里体验快感的能力。”可知, 音乐快感缺失的人不能感受到音乐所带来的快乐。结合选项可知, 选项D正确。2. What was the purpose of the study?A. To learn how music influences peoples emotions. B. To understand the relationship between mus

46、ic and the body. C. To learn what music people love the most. D. To see whether music works in the same way for all people. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第二段的第一句“但是根据一项最近发表在现代生物学杂志上的研究, 音乐并不是对每个人都适合。”及第五段“研究人员说这意味着人们有不同的能力享受音乐, 并且尤其是有一些人根本不能享受音乐。”可知, 这项研究的目的是研究音乐对每个人是否一样。结合选项可知, 选项D正确。3. What happened to the partic

47、ipants when they listened to music?A. Those who enjoyed music had more dopamine produced. B. Those who enjoyed music had slower blood flow. C. All of them had faster heartbeat and sweated more. D. They showed different physical signs as the music changed. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第八段后两句“所以, 它会产生更少的“快乐化学物质”多巴胺。

48、结果是人们从音乐那里获取更少的快乐。”可判断出, 当人们听音乐的时候, 多巴胺产生得越多, 人们从音乐那里获取的快乐越多。结合选项可知, 选项A正确。4. Which is the best title of this passage?A. How people get pleasure from music?B. Why music isnt for everyone?C. What brain produces with music?D. A new research of listening. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。由全文内容可知, 文章是在讲述音乐并不是每个人都适合, 有些人就无法享受音乐的快乐以及导致其这样的原因。所以短文的最佳标题为为什么音乐不适合每个人。选项B正确。