2020-2021学年高中英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars Learning about Language .doc

1、Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars课时作业14Learning about Language & Using Language.根据汉语或首字母提示填空1Spaceships make it possible for us to travel into space.2The small boat is floating on the calm lake.3I hope you will recover soon in this mild climate (气候)4Television stations around the world are l

2、inked with satellites (人造卫星)5There was a car crash on the road this morning.6Newton is a famous physicist,_who discovered three important laws.7At the rate of decline, many of the rainforest animals may become extinct (灭绝的) in less than 10 years.8The young man is so gentle that everyone in the neigh

3、bourhood likes him.9Could you help me move this bookcase over there? You pull (拉) and Ill push.10The force of gravity (重力) pulls things towards the earths centre.选词填空(可变换形式)step forward， break out， cheer up， die out， pull down， block out， watch out， crash into 1The little boy cheered_up immediately

4、when he saw his mother entering the room.2When World War broke_out he joined the navy and went to war.3Watch_out! Theres a cat on the road in front of your car.4Plans have been put forward to pull_down the old buildings here and rebuild the area.5Unfortunately, he drove his car so fast that it crash

5、ed_into a front car.6I saw him step_forward first but then hang back, nervously waving his hands.7We hung a curtain across the window to block_out the sunlight.8It is reported that this style of music died_out a hundred years ago.用所给词的适当形式填空1Mary is interested in biology and wants to be a biologist

6、(biology) when she grows up.2We will try our best to make our country more powerful (power)3Unlike us, astronauts work in weightless (weigh) conditions.4If something gets into your eye, you can lift the upper lid gently (gentle) and get it out.5This is exhausting (exhaust) work, but I manage to keep

7、 going somehow.6Her presence (present) greatly brightened up the evening party.7He liked stars and wished to be an astronomer (astronomy) when he was a child.8There are some religious (religion) schools in the United States at present.单句语法填空1The system suddenly crashed (crash) and I forgot to store

8、documents.解析：考查时态。句意：系统突然崩溃了，我忘记保存文档了。根据后面的 forgot 可知，此处要用一般过去时。2Watch out for cars when you cross the road.解析：考查固定用法。句意：你过马路时注意车。watch out for “密切注意，当心”，符合句意。3Scientists are wondering whether there is life existing (exist) on Mars.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们想知道火星上是否存在生命。分析句子结构可知，此句包含 there be 句型，life 和 exis

9、t 是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用动词ing 形式。4Immediately (immediate), I raised my hand to answer the question.解析：考查词形转换。句意：我立即举起了手来回答这个问题。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰后面的动词 raised。5According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global (globe) fertilizer consumption.解析：考查词形转换。句意：根据世界银行(的数据)，中国大约占了全世界化肥总消耗

10、量的30%。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词和 total 一起修饰名词短语 fertilizer consumption。6You wont get confused once you get the hang of it.解析：考查冠词。句意：一旦你掌握了它的要领，你就不会感到困惑了。get the hang of “掌握的要领，了解的用法”，符合句意。7How we could cross the river without a boat remains a question.解析：考查主语从句。句意：没有船我们如何过河仍然是个问题。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处应该填 How 表示方

11、式。8While the teacher was teaching, he noticed some students looking (look) puzzled at what he said.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：老师教课时注意到一些学生看起来对他说的话很困惑。此处是“notice宾语宾补”结构，根据句意可知，此处表示动作正在发生，故应填 looking。9Learning (learn) that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I a

12、m writing to put forward some advice.解析：考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语 I，即两者之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用动词ing 形式。10It is clear that he will go to the concert tomorrow.解析：考查 it 作形式主语。句意：很明显他明天要去听音乐会。分析句子结构可知，that 引导的从句为真正的主语，故用 It 作形式主语。.阅读理解Humans have launched themselves into the outer space. Theyve landed on the

13、moon. Theyve built habitable space stations that orbit the earth. The next giant leap for mankind is to reach another planetMars.The problem is that its no easy task. The planet is 586 times further away from the earth than the moon and itll take about 180 to 220 days to reach Mars, depending on whe

14、re each planet is in its orbit. Such long periods in space have suggested many potential health problems, including hormonal changes, skin conditions, muscle and bone deterioration.Heres where some furry friends are. A wide range of animals have been in space, from fruit flies and spiders to cats an

15、d dogs. Such experiments began as far back as the late 1940s in first tests to see if living things could withstand the extreme gravity (重力) of a rocket launch.Mice continue to play a very important part in space experiments, mainly because the animals make excellent test subjects. Theyre small, whi

16、ch makes them inexpensive and easy to care for. In addition, their size and short lifespan make it possible to do the equivalent of several human years of tests in a much shorter time. Finally, because mice are mammals, they share many common characteristics with humans in terms of genetics, biology

17、 and behavior.Astromice, as a team of scientists led by Betty Nusgens, professor of biology at the University of Liege in Belgium, found that the mice suffered a 15 percent thinness of their skin after 91 days aboard the International Space Station (ISS)This experiment was part of a wider NASA missi

18、on (任务) called the Mice Drawer System (MDS). The Italian Space Agency developed the facility, which allows six mice to be housed, monitored, and automatically fed and watered aboard the ISS, among which three survived during the mission.The mice have participated in 20 separate experiments, to study

19、 such effects as osteoporosis (骨质疏松症), anemia (贫血) and heart health.Results for the 20 experiments are coming in gradually. But its clear that mice continue to play an important role in the ongoing quest to conquer the final frontier.本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了小白鼠是如何为人类探索火星铺平道路的。1We can infer from Paragraphs 23

20、that _.AMars is the farthest planet away from the earth discovered so farBthe journey to Mars could put humans health at riskCit was in the late 1940s that animals were first sent to the ISSDanimals that have been sent into space have mostly survived答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Such long periods in space have

21、 suggested many potential health problems.”可知，在太空如此长的时间对人来说是有潜在的健康问题的。2The underlined word “withstand” in Para. 3 means “_”Aset up Bhold upCwork out Dcome across答案：B解析：词义猜测题。这句话所表达的意思是首次这样的实验可以追溯到二十世纪四十年代后期，是为了证实活着的生物是否能承受住火箭发射的巨大重力。set up 意为“建立”；hold up 意为“承受住，支撑得住”；work out 意为“计算出”；come across 意为“

22、偶然遇到”。故选B项。3The main purpose of the article is to _.Adescribe the role mice play in scientific researchBreport on the results of the Mice Drawer SystemCanalyze how mice could pave the way to MarsDchange peoples traditional attitudes toward mice答案：C解析：主旨大意题。文章主要说明了为检测人类在去往火星探索的旅程中可能受到的身体损害，需要用小动物来做实验

23、，而在众多小动物中，老鼠被认为是最合适的，因此老鼠为人类通向火星奠定了基础，故选C项。.七选五Becoming Refreshed Without SleepingSometimes there are just not enough hours in the day to get everything done and get a good nights rest. _1_ Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals

24、 and activities._2_ The last thing you want to do when you are tired is to get warm and cozy, because this will cause you to fall asleep. Keeping the air conditioner on will make you feel much more alert and refreshed.Eat small amounts. Eating small amounts of healthy food will help refresh you. Fru

25、it and nuts are good choices because they are nutritious and will energize you. _3_ Try to stick to low carbon meals to keep fit. Chewing gum after your snack or small meal will also help keep you awake.Keep it bright. _4_ Turn on lots of lights, which will trick your body into waking up and feeling

26、 better. Go outside whether it is day or night for some fresh air. You will get double benefits if it is daytime.Take a break. Taking a little break will help you in the long run. Turn on some energizing music to get yourself positive. Relax and talk to a friend in person or on the phone for a few m

27、inutes. _5_AKeep it cool.BCalm down and sleep.CWhen it is dark, your body will think it is time to go to sleep.DAvoid big, heavy meals as they will make you tired.EMissing sleep regularly can make you sick and should be avoided.FWhen you are tired, you may just want to sit around and do nothing.GHav

28、ing a good time for a few minutes will refresh you quicker than anything else.本文介绍了不睡觉而让人精神焕发的几种方法。1E解析：上句讲到“有时候，一天中没有足够的时间来完成每件事，并得到一晚好的睡眠”，再根据空后一句“偶尔你也能通过调整你的饮食和活动，在度过一个不眠之夜后仍然感觉还不错”可知，此空要表达的意思是“经常失眠会使你生病，应该避免”。故选E项。2A解析：空处是本段的主旨句。根据下文中的“让空调开着会让你感到更加机敏和精神振奋”可知，A项“保持凉爽”符合语境。3D解析：根据空后一句“试着坚持低碳饮食来保持健

29、康”可知，此处应表示：避免吃大量的饭菜，因为它们会使你疲劳。故选D项。4C解析：本段主旨句是“保持明亮”。故C项“当天黑的时候，你的身体会认为该睡觉了”符合语境。5G解析：根据本段的主旨句“Take a break.”可知，G项“尽情地玩几分钟会比任何事情都能让你更快地振作起来”符合语境。.应用文写作目前，治理雾霾，任务艰巨；保护环境，人人有责。作为一名中学生，也应该从自身做起。请你以“How to protect our environment”为题，用英语写一篇报道。注意：1内容具体，语言连贯，内容适当发挥；280词左右；3参考词汇：雾霾 n. haze。How to protect ou

30、r environmentIt_is_well_known_that_people_are_becoming_more_and_more_concerned_about_their_living_environment.First,_as_students,_we_should_ride_bikes_or_take_buses_to_school_and_we_should_try_our_best_to_advise_our_parents_to_drive_less._Second,_wed_better_use_both_sides_of_the_paper._Dont_waste_paper._Third,_we_should_save_power._Remember_to_turn_off_the_lights_when_we_leave_the_classroom._And_last,_we_should_plant_more_trees_and_flowers.If_everyone_makes_a_little_effort,_the_world_will_be_more_and_more_beautiful.