2020-2021学年高中英语学业水平合格性考试复习 第三部分 突破五大题 第Ⅱ题 专题二 专题训练.doc

1、专题二Passage 1Our children feel stressed out by an educational system that actually uses stress as an educational technique.Its a constant pressure of homework deadlines，essays and exams.And our children are told at a young age that failing a test means that they are failures in life.Theyll end up now

2、here if they dont pass this or that exam.Our educational system is based on a very Western idea that life is a struggle and youd better measure up.Its survival of the fittest.While there is some truth to this，not as much as people think.Our ancestors didnt develop a constant stress environment. Back

3、 then，stress came quickly and was over quickly，it wasnt like the stress of modern education.Stress was originally just a shortterm biological response to danger；however，the constant stress of modern education rarely stops.Its long term，at least ten years and usually more.Recent research has shown th

4、at the neurological(神经系统的)response to stress is the same response that is found in depression. So，whats the solution? A number have been proposed，including but not limited to the following._Exercise consumes energy that would otherwise build up in the stress response and could cause physical and men

5、tal problems.Teach relaxation exercises.Allowing the mind and body to relax cuts off the stress response and reduces the neurological fatigue，enabling the individual to recover at least somewhat.Pay attention to thinking.Training the stressed student to pay attention to his or her own mind to a poin

6、t where he or she is sufficiently aware to shut off the stress response when necessary.Of course，theres a logical answer to the problem.Just rearrange our teaching methods to encourage，rather than prevent，the natural curiosity and joy in learning that we are all born with.This would remove the stres

7、s and probably cut learning time in half.1What is the main idea of the passage?ADealing with stress in modern education.BHelping children live a happy life.CGetting rid of the modern education.DTaking measures to learn at school.【语篇解读】在现行教育制度下，孩子们的压力很大，已经不堪重负了。作为家长和老师，应该怎样有效的帮助孩子减压呢？解析：主旨大意题。这是一篇议论文

8、，讲述了现行教育制度下，如何帮助孩子摆脱压力。故选A项。答案：A2Children feel stressed because _Athey dislike the educational techniqueBthey have no ability to finish their homeworkCthey are convinced high grades are importantDthey suffer numbers of failures in their life解析：细节理解题。依据文章第一段的“our children are told at a young age that

9、 failing a test means that they are failures in life”可知，孩子们很小的时候就被告知考试失败意味着他们在生活中也会失败。故选C项。答案：C3How did our ancestors treat education?AThey thought education was the only way to success.BThey felt education could bring shortterm stress.CThey believed education could bring the best out.DThey knew the

10、 importance of good education.解析：推理判断题。依据文章第二段的“Back then，stress came quickly and was over quickly”可知，我们的祖先那时候，在教育方面压力来得快，结束的也快，是短期行为，故选B项。答案：B4Which of the following is the best for the blank?AMake sure that kids get exercise.BQuite a few children avoid exercise.CTry to save energy as much as possi

11、ble.DSet a few limits to your physical activities.解析：推理判断题。运动消耗能量，否则这些能量引起压力反应，可能会导致身体和心理问题。因此让孩子们参加运动，这样可以减压。故选A项。答案：A5If you are a teacher in a high school _Ayou should relax yourself as far as possibleByou should ignore the stressed studentCyou should leave students in a good moodDyou should stic

12、k to your teaching methods解析：细节理解题。依据文章尾段可知，老师应该鼓励孩子们的好奇心，让孩子们在愉悦中学习。故选C项。答案：CPassage 2Walt DisneyAs one of the most famous film production companies in the history of the business，Walt Disney now holds 15.3 percent of the US and Canadian market share.With highly successful movies like Pirates of th

13、e Caribbean，National Treasure，Meet the Robinsons and Enchanted，theres no doubt that Disney will continue to play a key role in the industry for years to come.Paramount PicturesWith 15.5 percent of the US and Canadian market share，Paramount Pictures continues to be one of the most successful film pro

14、duction companies in the world.Star Trek，War of the Worlds，Mission：Impossible，Transformers and Tropic Thunder are just a few of the popular films produced by Paramount Pictures.20th Century FoxAlso known as “Twentieth Century Fox”，this highly successful movie production company makes up 11.9 percent

15、 of the US and Canadian market share.Some of the biggest and most successful movies from this empire include the XMen series，Mr and Mrs Smith and Fantastic Four.Warner Bros.PicturesIncluding about 19.7 percent of the US and Canadian market share，Warner Bros.Pictures is the biggest player in the film

16、 industry. Owning the rights to major films like Harry Potter，Superman，Batman，The Matrix and Star Wars has made Warner Bros.Pictures the No.1 name in the business.Universal Studios122 percent of the US and Canadian market share belongs to Universal Studios，which continues to make millions for the fi

17、lm industry.With major hits like the Bourne series，the American Pie series，Knocked Up，American Gangster and The Incredible Hulk，its very clear that Universal Studios knows what it takes to make money in this industry.Columbia PicturesMaking up 12.9 percent of the US and Canadian market share，Columbi

18、a Pictures remains a big player in the business.Some of this companys recent successes include Casino Royale，The Da Vinci Code，the Spider Man series and Step Brothers.1This passage is mainly to tell us_Asome beautiful pictures of the USBsome American popular moviesCsome famous Canadian companiesDsom

19、e film production companies【语篇解读】本文介绍了一些电影公司的发展及成就。解析：主旨大意题。本文主要告诉我们一些电影制作公司。浏览每段标题及大意便可知应选D项。答案：D2Which of the following movie production companies is the most successful in the US and Canadian markets?AUniversal Studios.BParamount Pictures.CColumbia Pictures. DWalt Disney.解析：细节理解题。比较选项中四家电影公司。分析数据

20、可知B项的Paramount Pictures公司在美国及加拿大市场占的比率为15.5%，高于其他三家，故选B项。答案：B3Warner Bros.Pictures is very famous for its film named_APirates of the CaribbeanBHarry PotterCThe Incredible HulkDTropic Thunder解析：细节理解题。根据第四部分可知答案为B项。答案：B4The underlined word “hits”in Paragraph 5 refers to_Aarticles BnovelsCmovies Dstrug

21、gles解析：词义猜测题。由第五部分可知，以上列举的都是受欢迎的电影的名字。答案：C5Which of the following movie production companies covers the least market share in the US and Canada?A20th Century Fox.BColumbia Pictures.CUniversal Studios.DWarner Bros.Pictures.解析：细节理解题。比较选项中四家电影公司，分别找出它们在美国和加拿大市场所占的份额，可以得出占的最少的是20th Century Fox只占11.9%。B、

22、C、D三项则分别占了12.9%、12.2%和19.7%。故答案为A项。答案：APassage 3Managers and office busybodies might be keen on a clean deskbut it seems that in terms of productivity，they could have it all wrong.A messy desk can actually lead people towards clearer thinking，say researchers from Germany.The researchers found in a s

23、eries of linked studiesusing a messy desk and a messy shop frontthat people actually thought more clearly when all around was chaos，as they sought to simplify the tasks at hand.That is，visual and mental clutter(杂乱) forces human beings to focus and think more clearly.For instance，famous thinkers and

24、writers such as Albert Einstein and Roald Dahl have been notorious for their untidy desks.“Messy desks may not be as detrimental as they appear to be，as the problemsolving approaches they seem to cause can boost work efficiency or enhance employees creativity in problem solving，” say the authors.Odd

25、ly，the effect seems to work most on conservativespolitical liberals are less liable to be worried about mess in the first place，say the researchers.“Business and government managers often promote clean deskpolicies to avoid disorganized offices and messy desks，for the purpose of boosting work effici

26、ency and productivity，” writes a researcher，Jia Liu of the University of Groningen.“This practice is based on the conventional wisdom that a disorganized and messy environment can clutter ones mind and complicate ones judgments.”“However，not all evidence supports this conventional link between a mes

27、sy environment and a messy mind.” The scientists tested peoples response in various “messy” environments，including a messy shop front，a disorganized desk，and even a work environment where a language task “reminded” people of messiness.The authors found in the series of six studies that people tended

28、 towards simplicity in their thinking.“They categorized products in a simpler manner，were willing to pay more for a Tshirt that depicts a simplelooking picture，and sought less variety in their choices，” said the researchers.1According to the text，a proper way to lead people towards clearer thinking

29、is to_Amake a list of prioritiesBsimplify the tasks at handCfollow famous peopleDmess up their mind【语篇解读】本文是议论文，论述了干净的办公室及工作环境对雇工有着积极的影响。解析：细节理解题。由第二段可知答案。答案：B2Why did the author take Albert Einstein and Roald Dahl for example?ATo tell readers untidy desks can make you as famous as celebrities.BTo c

30、onvince readers that untidiness is not all that bad.CTo inform readers of one way to successuntidy desks.DTo attract readers and show the authors wide range of knowledge.解析：推理判断题。由Albert Einstein and Roald Dahl之前的句子“.visual and mental clutter(杂乱)forces human beings to focus and think more clearly”和短

31、语for instance可知作者用这两个人来证明不整洁的办公桌可能有利于使思路清晰。答案：B3Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AA messy environment will certainly lead to a messy mind.BA clean environment will do great harm to work efficiency.CPeople tend to clear up the mess before thinking clearly.DAll people are not in

32、 favor of “clean desk” in the office.解析：细节理解题。由第四段可知答案。答案：D4The underlined word “detrimental” probably means_Adisadvantageous BusefulCbeneficial Daccessible解析：词义猜测题。由第三段“凌乱的办公桌也许并没有看起来的那么不利，它们所激发出的解决问题的方式可以提高工作效率，或者增强员工处理问题时的创造力”可推知词义。答案：A5What is the main idea for this passage?AThe messier the desk

33、s are，the more efficient the employees are.BMessy desks in the office can have a positive effect on employees.CWe should make our office messy to improve our work efficiency.DClean desks can boost the employees productivity and creativity.解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“A messy desk can actually lead people toward

34、s clearer thinking.”可知。答案：BPassage 4MIT researchers and their colleagues are working to find out whether energy from trees can power a network of sensors (传感器) to prevent spreading forest fires.What they learn could also raise the possibility of using trees as silent guards along the nations borders

35、 to discover potential threats such as smuggled (走私的) radioactive materials.The US Forest Service currently predicts and tracks fires with a variety of tools，including remote automated weather stations.But these stations are expensive and sparsely (稀疏地) distributed.Additional sensors could save tree

36、s by providing better local climate data to be used in fire prediction models and earlier warnings.However，recharging or replacing batteries by hand at very hardtoreach locations makes it impractical and costly.The new sensor system seeks to avoid this problem by developing trees into a selfsustaini

37、ng power supply.Each sensor is equipped with a battery that can be slowly recharged using electricity produced by the tree.“A single tree doesnt generate a lot of power，but over time the trickle (细流) charge adds up，just like _”，said Shuguang Zhang，one of the researchers on the project and the associ

38、ate director of the MITs Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBE)The system produces enough electricity to allow the temperature and humidity sensors to wirelessly send out signals four times a day，or immediately if theres a fire.Each signal spreads from one sensor to another，until it reaches an exis

39、ting weather station that sends the data by satellite to a forestry command centre in Boise，Idaho.Scientists have long known that trees can produce extremely small amounts of electricity.But no one knew exactly how the energy was produced or how to take advantage of the power.1What are the disadvant

40、ages of the remote automated weather stations?aThey cost too much.bThey are of poor quality.cThey are not enough.dThey cant reach remote places.Aa，b Bb，dCa，c Db，c【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了科学家们的发现：树能为预防森林火灾的传感器供电。解析：细节理解题。文章第三段提到的美国森林服务机构现在所采用的工具和方法花费高、分布少。如增加传感器，边远地区将无法充电或换电池，故选C项。答案：C2Which of the followi

41、ng is the best sentence to fill in the blank?AFar water does not put out near fire.BAll rivers run into the sea.CMany a little makes a mickle.DIt never rains but it pours.解析：推理判断题。根据上下文可知此处为“积少成多”的含义。故选C。A项意为“远水救不了近火”；B项意为“海纳百川”；D项意为“不雨则已，一雨倾盆”。答案：C3What Shuguang Zhang said in Paragraph 4 means that

42、 _Aa single tree is enough to generate much power Bthe power from the tree cant be storedCtrees can generate enough power for our lifeDa tree can produce the electricity to meet the needs of a sensor解析：细节理解题。第四段中研究人员指出，一棵树产生不了多少能量，但随着时间的推移，细小的能量会不断增加，就像不断滴水的水龙头也能滴满一桶一样，故D项正确。答案：D4What would the auth

43、or talk about after the last paragraph of the passage?AThe amount of electricity trees produce.BHow trees produce electricity.CTrees contribution to society.DThe research process of tree power.解析：文章结构题。文章最后一段最后一句提到没人确切地知道树是怎么产生能量的或人们如何利用这些能量，因而，下文会就此展开论述，故选B项。答案：B5What would be the best title for th

44、e passage?APreventing forest fires with tree powerBTrees can produce electricityCTree power in daily lifeDDeveloping new energy解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段就点明主题：如何利用树所产生的能量预防森林火灾，A项概括了文章的主旨。答案：APassage 5Last nights meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to

45、Gabe Rothschild，Emerald Valleys mayor，people gathered in the suburbs of the city，carrying heavy telescopes，expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing ove

46、rhead.“My family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing，but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”Astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light poll

47、ution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.This popul

48、ation consists of birds，bats，frogs，snakes，etc.For example，outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (迁徙的)birds.According to the International DarkSky Association，“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”Countless more animal casualties(伤亡

49、) result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings，but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is only one community

50、that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years，Flagstaff，Arizona，has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide，and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights whe

51、n we are not using them，so that other creatures can share the night.1It happened last night that _Athe citys lights affected the meteor watchingBthe meteors flew past before being noticedCthe city light show attracted many peopleDthe meteor watching ended up a social outing【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了城市的光污染

52、对日常生活、天文学家的工作以及动物的生活都产生了消极的影响。在Flagstaff，Arizona已经采取了灯光管理措施。 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.”可知，昨天晚上由于城市的灯光太亮，影响了人们观看流星。故选A。答案：A2What do the astronomers complain about?AMeteor showers occur less often than before.BTheir

53、 observation equipment is in poor repair.CLight pollution has remained unsolved for years.DTheir eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“.have been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from.”可知，天文学家多年来一直在抱怨光污染问题未解决。故选C。答案：C3What

54、 is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?ABirds may take other migration paths.BAnimals living habits may change suddenly.CVarieties of animals will become sharply reduced.DAnimals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句“.that suffers even more from light pollut

55、ion.This population consists of birds，bats，frogs，snakes，etc.”以及本段最后一句“.100 million birds a year throughout.die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”可知，作者第四段主要叙述的是动物也受到了光污染的影响，甚至它们的生存也受到了影响。故选D。答案：D4Lighting regulations in Flagstaff，Arizona are put into effect to_Alessen the chance of gettin

56、g cancerBcreate an ideal observation conditionCensure citizens a good sleep at nightDenable all creatures to live in harmony解析：推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“.has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at.”可知，这条规定是为了给天文学家的工作创造理想的观察条件。故选B。答案：B5What message does the author most want to give us?ASaving wildlife is saving ourselves.BGreat efforts should be made to save energy.CHuman activities should be environmentally friendly.DNew equipment should be introduced for space study.解析：主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的叙述，作者主要描述了城市的光污染对人们生活、工作以及动物的生存造成的影响，因此作者在文中呼吁我们人类的活动应该对环境有利。故选C。答案：C