2020-2021学年高中英语译林版（2019）必修第二册学案：UNIT 2 BE SPORTY BE HEALTHY SECTION B GRAMMAR AND USAGE WORD版含解析.doc

1、Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthySection B Grammar and usage学习目标掌握本节生词及句型表达与运用。词汇分析1、announce词性：词义：搭配：announce sth to sb 向某人宣布某事Its announced that 据宣布2、update词性：词义：词性：词义：搭配：update sb 向某人提供最新消息3、check out 观察，察看；结账离开；借出4、replace词性：词义：搭配：replace A(with/by B) (用B)接替/取代A5、addto把加到语法指导现在完成时和现在进行时的被动语态语态是英语谓语动词

2、的一种形式,用来表示句子的主语和谓语动词所表达的动作之间的关系。英语有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者或发出者;被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,当需要指出动作的发出者时,可以用 by 引出。（一）现在进行时的被动语态1.含义现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作2.结构(1)肯定式:主语+am/is/are being done +其他.Eg: Some trees are being cut down in the park.公园里的一些树木正在被砍伐。(2)否定式:主语+ am/is/are not being done +其他.

3、Eg: It is reported that the water in the lake is not being protected now.据报道,这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。(3)一般疑问式:Am/Is/ Are +主语+ being done +其他?Eg:Are the babies being looked after by this nurse?这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？(4)特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+am/is/are(+主语)+ being done +其他？Eg:Who is being trained for the coming English speech con

4、test?谁正在为即将到来的英语演讲比赛被培训?要点2： 现在进行时的被动语态的用法1.表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常有 now,at the moment 等时间状语。Eg: He is now being treated in China.现在,他正在中国接受治疗。2.表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。Eg: These animals are being hunted at such a high speed that they will disappear soon.这些动物被猎杀的速度如此之快,它们很快就会消失。3.表示一种习惯的被动行为,常与always,c

5、onstantly,often 等词连用,含有赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。Eg: Tom is always being praised by the teacher.汤姆总是被老师表扬4.与某些情态动词连用,表示对正在发生的动作的推测。 Do you know what Mr Smith is doing？你知道史密斯先生正在做什么吗？ He is ill. He may be being examined by the doctor.他病了。他可能正在接受医生的检查。要点3：现在进行时的被动语态的注意事项1.不可遗漏 being。现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的被动动作,如果我们把

6、 being 漏掉,即成为一般现在时的被动语态。Eg: Look! The children are being taken care of by their aunt.瞧!孩子们正由他们的姑妈照看着。 Children are taken good care of at school.孩子们在学校里被照顾得很好。（一般现在时的被动语态）2.现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词 hold,take 等)。Eg: A party is being held tonight.今晚将要举行一场晚会。3.现在进行时

7、的被动语态有时也可以转换为 be +介词(under/in 等)+名词结构。Eg: The problem is under discussion (=is being discussed) at the meeting.会上正在讨论这个问题。 (二)现在完成时的被动语态要点1：现在完成时的被动语态的基本概述1.含义 现在完成时的被动语态表示已完成的被动动作。2.结构(1)肯定式:主语+ have/has been done +其他. The plan has been studied by the experts last month.这个计划在上个月已经由专家研究过了。(2)否定式:主语+

8、 have/has not been done +其他.Eg:They havent been told the exciting news yet, have they？还没有人告诉他们这个令人激动的消息,是吗? (3)一般疑问式:Have/ Has +主语+ been done +其他？Eg:Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了吗？Yes,it has.是的,完成了。(4)特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+ have/has +主语+ been done +其他？Eg: How long has the machine been used？这台机器使用多久了?要点2:

9、现在完成时的被动语态的用法1.表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,通常与 already, yet, never, recently等副词及时间状语 so far, by now, up till now，since 等连用。Eg: The room has already been cleaned.这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了)2.表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在,并可能继续持续下去,常与 for 或 since 等引出的时间状语(从句)连用,或用于 how long引出的句子中。Eg: The machine

10、has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已经被修两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)3.用在时间状语从句中,表示将来某时已经完成的动作。Eg: Well start as soon as the work has been finished,这份工作一完成我们就立即动身。要点3: 现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项1.现在完成时的被动语态中的 have/has 和 been 不可缺失。2.现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去的某个时间,其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示一个被动的动作或状态

11、尽管发生在过去,但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响(或产生了结果)。Eg: The big fire was put out two hours ago.大火在两小时前被扑灭了。练习：1. My washing machine this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. was repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 2. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _ so far by t

12、he two sides.A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached3. Shakespeares play Homle _into at least ten different films over the past years.A. had been made B. was made C. has been made D. would be made4.Fire extinguishers(灭火器） are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you _(train) to do so.5. The dictionary is out of date:many words _(add) to the language since it was published. 答案：1. C2. A3. C4. have been trained5. have been added