2021-2022学年高中英语北师大版必修5讲义：UNIT 15 SECTION Ⅱ　LANGUAGE POINTS （ Ⅰ ） （WARM-UP .doc

1、Section Language Points ( ) (Warmup & Lesson 1).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1He let go without warning me and I fell backwards(向后)2The correction(改正) of all my mistakes took nearly an hour.3I can distinguish(辨别) my roommates by their footsteps.4What do you think of the old saying(谚语)：“Spare the rod，spoil t

2、he child”？5He couldnt swallow because of a sore throat(喉咙)6Try to simplify your explanation for the children.7Wholl instruct them to do the experiment?8How much is the postage for an airmail letter to Canada?9Make the windows secure before leaving the house.10What made you suspect her of having take

3、n the money?.拓展词汇根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词1correct vt.改正，纠正correction n改正，改进2simple adj.简单的 simplify vt.简化3suspect v怀疑suspicion n猜疑；怀疑suspicious adj.可疑的；多疑的4instruct v指导，教导instruction n指令；教学；说明instructor n教师；指导书5secure adj.稳定的；无忧无虑的security n安全；保证；证券6chief adj.最高级别的 chiefly adv.主要地7frank adj.坦率的，真诚的frankly a

4、dv.坦率地，真诚地.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1be about to即将做，就要做2get promoted得到提拔3dream of梦想，梦见4set up建立，成立5in person亲自6switch off关上7break out(战争、火灾、疫病等)突然爆发8lay off裁员；解雇.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1When did your factory lay off you from your job?2They set up a tent near the seashore.3The winner will be there in person to collec

5、t the prize.4He got promoted soon after he entered the company.5Many people dream of having a house of their own.6Be sure to switch off the light when you leave the office.寻规律、巧记忆adj.tyn.v.out动词短语activity活动majority多数safety安全pick out挑选；辨认work out算出；锻炼bring out使显现；弄明白背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Its never too lat

6、e to learn.活到老，学到老。too.to.结构英语对玲玲来讲太难了。English is too difficult for Lingling to learn.2.I felt as if I had done something wrong！我感觉自己似乎做错了什么！as if从句看起来一会儿就要下雨了。It looks as if it will rain before long.3.I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.我觉得是我成为互联网用户的时候了。it is/was time.你该拿主意了。It is

7、high time you made up your mind.4.In the past，if Id wanted to see them，I would have had to visit them in person.过去，如果我想看他们，就不得不亲自去他们那里。if条件句中的虚拟语气如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会对你很熟悉。If he studied at this school，he would know you well. qualification n. 资格，资历(教材P36)Because of my new qualification，Im getting promoted

8、 at work.因为我拥有的新资质，我在工作上得以晋升。qualify v使具备资格be qualified to do sth.有资格做某事be qualified for具备资格的；适合担任的He has no qualification for this job.他没有资格从事这项工作。He knew he was not qualified(qualify) to be a teacher.他知道他没有资格当老师。Strictly speaking，hes not qualified for the job.严格说来，他没有资格做这份工作。 secure adj.稳定的，无忧无虑的v

9、t.使安全；保卫(教材P36)I decided to give myself a second chance by studying for a degree in the evenings and on weekends while keeping a secure fulltime job.我决定再给自己一次机会，在保证一份稳定的全职工作的同时，利用晚上和周末的时间学习以取得学位。(1)be secure against/from没有的危险be secure of对有把握；确信fell/be secure about/as to对觉得放心(2)secure(sth.)against/fr

10、om使(某物)免遭Now my house is secure against burglary.现在我的房子没有被盗窃的危险。I feel secure about my future.我对未来感到放心。Some measures are needed to secure the farmland against shifting(shift) sand.需要采取一些措施使农田免遭流沙的侵袭。 lay off 裁员；解雇(教材P36)Three months ago，when my manager told me that I would be laid off，my mind went b

11、lank and my heart swelled with anger.三个月前，当我的经理告诉我，我将要下岗了，我的脑子木了，心中充满愤怒。lay off doing sth.停止做某事lay aside把搁置一旁；留存，储存lay down放下；制定(条例或原则)lay out摆开，铺开；安排，布置Why dont you lay off smoking for a while until your cough gets better?为何不戒一段时间烟，直到你咳嗽好些呢？The factory has laid off workers because of the drop in sa

12、les.由于销售额下降，工厂解雇了工人。Lay aside some money every month and youll become rich some day.每月存一些钱，将来有一天你就会成为富人。名师点津注意下面几个动词的词形、词性及意义的区别：lie(vi.)liedlied撒谎lie(vi.)laylain躺；位于lay(vt.)laidlaid放；搁；下蛋，产卵 suspect v怀疑；不信任；猜想n可疑分子，嫌疑犯(教材P36)I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that wel

13、l.我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营的不是很好suspect sth.怀疑某事suspect sb.to be怀疑某人是suspect sb.of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做)某事；怀疑某人有罪suspectthat从句怀疑Some people suspected him of theft.有些人怀疑他偷窃。The police suspected him of taking(take) part in the jewel robbery.警察怀疑他参与了珠宝盗窃案。The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu.医生怀疑他得了流感。 in

14、struct v. 教导，指导(教材P36)I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email.我让我的孙子教我怎样发电子邮件(1)instruct sb.in sth.teach sb.sth.教某人某事instruct sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事instructthat/wh从句命令(从句用虚拟语气)(2)instruction n.教授；传授；pl.指示；命令；用法说明instructions做某事的指示/命令instruction in sth.教授/传授某事Has anyone instructed you how to u

15、se the computer?有人教过你如何使用电脑吗？Greater effort is needed to instruct children in road safety.教导孩子道路安全的知识需要付出更多的努力。The captain instructed the soldiers to retreat(retreat)上尉命令士兵们撤退。This group of trainees is still under instruction(instruct)这群受训者还在接受指导。 bury vt.埋葬；隐藏；专心致志(教材P36)So many people think that a

16、fter you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything youve ever learnt.很多人认为退休后你能做的所有的事就是关闭大脑，埋葬你曾经所学过的所有的东西。be buried alive被活埋bury.in.把埋到里bury ones head/face in ones hands用手捂住头/脸be buried in thought沉思bury oneself in (doing) sth.埋头于/专心于(做)某事(be) buried in (doing) sth.埋头于/专心于(做

17、)某事He buried his face in his hands.他双手掩面。He buried himself(him) in his work.他埋头工作。Buried(bury) in his study，he didnt know that all the others had left.他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。 distinguish vt.&vi.区分，辨别，分清vt.使有别于，成为的特征，使具有特色；使出众(教材P37)If the room had not been dark，he would have distinguished the two pictur

18、es.如果房间不暗，他早就分辨出两幅图画了。distinguish between A and B 区分A和Bdistinguish A from B 把A和B区分开distinguish oneself (as.) 某人(作为)著名/受人青睐Reading good books can not only enrich our knowledge but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong.阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。Its important to distinguish reality from dre

19、ams.重要的是要把现实与梦想区别开来。As far as we all know，Lang Ping has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world.众所周知，郎平作为优秀的排球教练在世界上已享有盛名。 (教材P36)Its never too late to learn.活到老，学到老。【要点提炼】 too.to.中的too前面如果用了否定词(如never)，则该句表示肯定意义。(1)too.to.中的too前如有far等词修饰，则这些词表示强调。(2)too.to.结构意为“太而不能”，

20、表示否定含义。(3)too.to.句式中，too后接形容词ready(现成的)，incline(偏于的)，apt(易于)，eager(急切的)，anxious(着急的)等词时，无否定的意思。(4)only too.to.也表示肯定，其中，too后的形容词多为表示某种心情的，如：glad，pleased，willing，thankful，delighted等；也有描绘性的形容词，如：good，kind，true等。He is too young to dress himself.他太小了，不会自己穿衣服。He was far too busy to think of giving up.他太忙，

21、没有时间想到放弃。She is not too clever to go(go) with him.她很机灵，没有跟他一起走。He is too ready to talk(talk)他爱说话。The film is only too good to see(see)这部电影很好，值得一看。 (教材P36)I felt as if I had done something wrong!我感觉自己似乎做错了什么！【要点提炼】as if/though引导方式状语从句。as if意为“似乎，好像”，可以位于系动词look，seem，feel，sound，smell等后引导表语从句，以及act，tre

22、at等之后引导方式状语从句。(1)as if引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气。常与look，seem，taste，smell，sound等词连用。(2)as if引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大的比喻，通常用虚拟语气，其形式如下：如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might动词原形”。It seems as if the boy has lost his way.好像这个男孩迷路了。He is

23、 a happy and lucky man as if he has no worries and cares in the world.他是个无忧无虑的人，好像世上没有什么让他烦恼和发愁的事。He walks as if he were(be) drunk.他走起路来像是喝醉了似的。 (教材P36)I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.我觉得是我成为互联网用户的时候了。【要点提炼】 Its time that结构用于表示“是该的时候了”。that后面的句子应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should动词原形”或用一般过去时。“

24、是该做某事的时候了”的几种表达方式：It is time for sth.It is time to do sth.It is time (for sb.)to do sth.It is time for doing sth.It is time (that) sb.should do/did sth.It is time for us to do our homework.我们该做作业了。Its high time that the article were published(publish)发表这篇文章是适时的。Its time you should do(do) cleaning.你该

25、去打扫卫生了。1I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered.【分析】本句是由and连接的并列句。第一个分句中，how to email and use the Internet是“疑问词不定式”作介词on的宾语；第二个分句中at which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the speed；定语从句中的谓语get sent and answered是get done

26、结构。【翻译】我让我的孙子教我怎样发电子邮件和使用互联网，我真的很喜欢我的信息的传送和回复的速度。2So many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything youve ever learnt.【分析】本句是两个主从复合句。So many people think.是主句；that引导的是宾语从句，作think的宾语；after you retire是状语从句；you can do是省略that的定语从句，修饰先行词all；youve ever l

27、earnt是省略that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything。【翻译】很多人认为退休后你能做的所有的事就是关闭大脑，埋葬你曾经所学过的所有的东西。突破(五)虚拟语气()语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.I felt as if I had done something wrong！In the past，if someone had worked for a company for over 20 years，they would have stayed there unti

28、l retirement！1.在“it is/was time(that) .”结构中that引导的句子用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时或should动词原形，但should不可省略。2.在as if引导的方式状语从句中，如果所表示的情况不是事实，通常用虚拟语气，如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had过去分词。3.在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成式(had done)，主句谓语用would/should/could/mighthave done。一、虚拟语气的使用范围及判断1虚拟语气表示一种假设。它主要用于由if引导的条件状语从句中，也可用于主语从句、表语从句、

29、宾语从句中。2if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。虚拟语气的假设，通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反，与现在事实相反，与将来事实可能相反。3后退一步法。后退一步法指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态，即在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示；与现在事实相反，在从句中用一般过去时形式表示；与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。主句中则用would，should，could等情态动词加动词形式。If I had come here yesterday，I would have

30、seen him.如果我昨天来这儿，我就能见到他了。If I were a teacher，I would be strict with my students.如果我是老师，我将会严格要求学生。If it should snow tomorrow，they couldnt go out.如果明天下雪，他们就不能外出了。4在现代英语中，if条件状语从句中的谓语动词如果是be，其过去式一般用were。二、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设If主语动词的过去式(be动词用were)主语should/would/ could/might动词原形与过去事实相反的假设If主

31、语had过去分词主语should/would/ could/mighthave过去分词与将来事实可能相反的假设If主语动词过去式主语should/would/ could/might动词原形If主语were to动词原形If主语should动词原形If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.假如你听了我的建议的话，你就不会考试不及格了。(实际上没考好)If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.假如你明天来的话，我们就开会。If it were to rai

32、n tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨，运动会就推迟。If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.假如他明天不来，我们将会议推迟到下周一。即时演练1单句语法填空If Mr.Dewey had been(be) present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.We would be(be) back in the hot

33、el now if you didnt lose the map.I should not have laughed if I could have thought(think) you were serious.三、使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点1当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时(被称为“错综时间条件句”)，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应的调整。If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now.假如你以前努力学习，你现在就是一位大学生了。2在条件句中可省略if，把were，ha

34、d，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。If I were at school again，I would study harder.Were I at school again，I would study harder.如果再次回到学校的话，我会更加努力地学习。If you had come earlier，you would have caught the bus.Had you come earlier，you would have caught the bus.如果早点来的话，你肯定赶上了公交车。If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go cl

35、imbing.Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去爬山。注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词为否定，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.如果不是费用问题，我现在就出国了。但不能说：Werent it for the expense，I would go abroad now.3用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with，without，but for。What would you do with a million

36、 dollars？(if you had a million dollars)假如有一百万美元的话，你会做什么？We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(if we hadnt got your help)Without your help，we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.(But for your help，.If it had not been for your help，.Had it not been for your help，.

37、)如果没有你的帮助，我们是不能提前完成工作的。4含蓄条件句。有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。I was ill that day.Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词)那天我病了。要不然我就参加运动会了。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or I would have known nothing about it.(连词)是他打电话告诉我你的生日的，否则我什么都不知道。A man who stopped

38、 drinking water would be dead in about seven days.(定语从句)一个人7天左右不喝水就会死。I might have given you more help，but I was too busy.(连词)我本可以给你更多帮助的，但我太忙了。即时演练2单句语法填空Without your help the old man would not live(not live) now.We took a taxi to the lecture hall.Otherwise we would have been(be) late for the meeti

39、ng.If he had followed(follow) the doctors advice，he would recover already.单句语法填空1If you had tried harder，you could/would have passed(pass) your exam.2They wouldnt have gotten it done today if I hadnt helped(help) them.3If the bus hadnt been delayed(delay)，I might have arrived on time.4If the weather

40、 had been more favorable，the crop would be growing(grow) still better.5He knew that if he were(be) white，he could have been a successful professional man.6Had I taken(take)an umbrella with me，I wouldnt have been caught in the rain.7If I were you，I wouldnt have missed(miss)the film last night.8I ran

41、all the way to school，otherwise I would have been (be)late.9If I knew his telephone number，I would tell (tell)you.10If he should come/were to come/came(come)here tomorrow，I could talk to him.单句改错1If I was you，I would run faster.waswere2I know nothing about the film.If I knew about it，I will tell you

42、.willwould3If she worked hard enough，she would have passed the English exam.worked前加had4If it were not rain tomorrow，they might go to the Great Wall.not后加to5If it were not for the fact that she couldnt sing，I would invite her to the party.couldntcant6Should the weather fine，we might go on a trip.fin

43、e前加be7She was very busy yesterday，otherwise she would come to the meeting.would后加have8If you asked him yesterday，you would know what to do now.asked前加had9He would be a good sportsman now if he trained regularly.trained前加had10How nice it would be if you had stayed a bit longer！ 去掉had.单句语法填空1Jack has

44、obtained a qualification(qualify)2Sometimes the police are not absolutely sure that someone has committed a crime，but suspect him of having done it.3He was buried(bury) in watching TV.4A computer can only do what you have instructed (instruct) it to do.5My car has broken down.Would you help me to ge

45、t it started (start)?6Comrade Lei Feng was too ready to help(help) others.7The trees can secure the crops against/from sand.8The workforce was laid off because they didnt grasp the advanced technology.9Dont handle the vase as if it were(be) made of steel.10It is time that he should come/came(come) t

46、o our house for dinner.单句改错1What made you suspect her of have taken the money？havehaving2He buried him in his work from morning till night to redeem the lost time.himhimself3She has all the right qualification to be a good teacher.qualificationqualifications4It is high time that the headmaster make

47、up his mind.makemade或make前加should5He looks as though he havent had a decent meal for a month.haventhadnt.完成句子1把铅笔的一部分放进水里，它看起来好像折断了似的。When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it were broken.2能帮助您，我真是太高兴了。I am only too glad to be able to help you.3是该干正事的时候了。Its high time that we should get down to business.4这个年轻人不担心自己的前途。The young man is secure about/of his future.5他们首先得为这项工程制订一个计划。First they had to lay down a plan for the project.