《2014年秋备课》高中英语（外研版必修5）语法讲解：MODULE 1 语言点汇集.doc

1、Module 1 语言点汇集重点单词【词条1】compare【课文原句】 compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British).（Page 2）【点拨】compare在该句中是动词，意思是“比较，对比”。compare A with B“比较A和B”。这句话的意思是：比较一下on the team, on the weekend （美国用法）和in the team, at the weekend (英国用法)。 再如：We carefully compared the

2、 first report with the second.【拓展】（1）compare A to B “把A比作B”。如：People compared him to a little white mouse. （2）A compare with/to B “A与B类似（相似）。如：This school compares with/to the best in the country. 【词条2】differ【课文原句】The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.

3、(Page 2)【点拨】动词differ在该句中的意思是“不同于，相异”。这句话的意思是：两种英语相异的另外两个领域是拼写和发音。与介词in连用表示“在某方面相异”。如：The brothers differ in their interests.【拓展】 短语A and B differ from each other / A differs from B意思是“A和B有区别”。如：French differs from English in this respect.(2) 短语differ with sb. (about / on / over sth.)意思是“（在某件事上）与某人持不

4、同看法”。如： I have to differ with you on that plan.【词条3】attempt【课文原句】Can you see any similarities between Websters work and attempts to simplify Chinese? (Page 9)【点拨】attempt在该句中是名词，意思是“尝试, 企图” ，这句话的意思是：你能从Webster的工作和简化汉语的尝试中看到一些相似点吗？再如：The prisoner made an attempt to escape.【拓展】(1)名词attempt在表示“企图，尝试”时，除

5、了可以与to do sth.连用，也可以与at sth. / doing sth.连用。如：His first attempt at English composition was poor.They made no attempt at escaping.（2）attempt还可以用作动词, attempt to do sth. / attempt sth.意思是“试图做某事”。如：We attempted to finish the task ahead of time.重点短语【短语1】make a difference【课文原句】 It doesnt make much of a di

6、fference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.(Page 1)【点拨】make a difference 在这里的意思是“产生影响, 有效”。这句话的意思是：一个老师说英国英语还是说美国英语，没有多大影响。再如：His plan did make a difference at the meeting yesterday. 【拓展】（1）make some /no difference 有一些/没有影响。如：It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.（2）

7、tell the difference (between) 区分，分清楚。如：I can never tell the difference between the twins.【短语2】be similar to 【课文原句】The accent, which is most similar to British English, can be heard on the eastern coast of the US.(Page 2)【点拨】be similar to在这里的意思是“与相似”。这句话的意思是：在美国东海岸能够听到跟英式英语非常接近的口音。再如：My teaching styl

8、e is similar to that of most other teachers.【拓展】（1）形容词similar只能与to连用，不能与with连用。但是名词similarity却可与with连用，也可以与in, between或to连用表示不同的意思。如：Many species have close similarities with one another.She bears a striking similarity to her mother.They will report the similarity between the two groups.(2) be simil

9、ar to的反义短语是be different from“与不同”。如：His method is different from those of others.【短语3】have difficulty (in) doing【课文原句】A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. (Page 2)【点拨】have difficulty (in) doing“做有困难”，介词in 可以省略。 这句话的意思是：一个伦敦人要听懂一个来自格拉斯哥

10、的苏格兰人讲话可能比理解一个纽约人更难。如：We had no difficulty finding his home because of the map. 【拓展】（1）get (run) into difficulties “遇到困难，陷入困境”。如：If you do this you will only run into difficulties.(2) in a difficulty / difficulties “有困难，处境困难”。其反义短语为：out of a/the difficulty“摆脱困难，脱离困境”。如：The bank is in difficulties.Pl

11、ease come in and help me out of a difficulty.(4) with difficulty 困难地，费事地，吃力地。其反义短语为：without difficulty “不费事地，轻易地”。 如：She found her child with difficulty.He finished the work without difficulty.【短语4】refer toas【课文原句】The Chinese refer to their language as Han,（Page 8）【点拨】refer toas在这里的意思是“把称为“。该句子意思是：中

12、国人把他们的语言称为汉语。如：California is referred to as the “Golden State”. 【拓展】refer to 还有很多意思，请同学们看下面几个句子： I had forgotten the date of the battle so I referred to a history book.（查阅，参考）When I said some people are stupid I wasnt referring to you.（指而言，指的是）This rule refers to everyone.（适用于）Dont refer to the matt

13、er again.（提到，谈到）He referred his success to his own hard work.（归功于，归咎于）热点语法本模块复习了三种英语中的基本时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时。在这里我们给同学们作一个总结。一、一般现在时：一般现在时表示经常发生或随时都在发生的事情，具体用法如下：1. 表示客观事实或普通真理。如： Water boils at 100. 2. 表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。如： Ice feels cold. We always care for each

14、other and help each other.3. 表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时。如：see, hear, smell, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong, seem等。如：I know what you mean.注意：（1）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。如：If you will wait for a moment, Ill tell Mr. Blac

15、k youve come.（2）少数用于表示起止的动词如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, pen, close, end, stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。如： The shop closes at 9:00 p.m. every day. 二、现在进行时现在进行时除表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 或现阶段正在发生的事情，还有以下用法： 1. 表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。如：。Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，

16、只处于写作的状态。)2.表示按计划、安排要发生的动作。如：Are you meeting them when you arrive there?3. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的感情色彩。如： You are always following me. 三、现在完成时：通常使用现在完成时的几种情况： (1)表示动作发生在过去某时刻并已结束，但该动作影响到现在，与现在情况具有因果关系。如： The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy.(2)

17、 表示动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，刚刚结束，或可能还要继续下去。如： John has lived in Beijing since he was born.注意：（1）since作连词，它引导的从句谓语动词若为瞬间动词，主句的时间则从这一“时刻”算起。如：He has lived here since he lefts his hometown. 若从句为延续性或状态性动词，主句时间则从其动作结束“那点”算起。如：It is there years since he was a singer. (2) 介词for构成的短语，表示时间的长度，后跟一段时间，不能跟时间点。如：He has studied English for five years.瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的介词for连用，但它的否定式可与介词for连用。如：I have not received her letter for two months.