2021-2022学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册寒假作业 （12）UNIT 6 SURVIVAL WORD版含解析.doc

1、（12）Unit 6 Survival2021-2022学年高二英语外研版（2019）寒假作业一、阅读理解1. Artemis is NASAs new lunar exploration program. Through the Artemis program, NASA will use new technology to study the Moon in new and better ways, and prepare for human missions to Mars. NASAs new rocket will carry the Orion spacecraft to luna

2、r orbit. Then, astronauts will dock(对接) Orion at a small spaceship called Gateway, from where the crew will take trips to the lunar surface in a new human landing system, and then return to Gateway. The crew will return to the Earth aboard Orion. NASA will test the rocket and spacecraft in flight, a

3、nd then send a crew for a test flight : Artemis 1 will be a test flight of the SLS rocket with the Orion spacecraft and with no crew. Artemis 2 will launch the SLS rocket and Orion with a crew, which will fly past the Moon, then circle it and return to the Earth. This trip will be the farthest one a

4、ny human has experienced in space. Artemis 3 will send a crew, including the first woman astronaut and a black astronaut, to the Moon by 2024. The Artemis 3 crew will visit the Moons South Pole. No one has ever been there. At the Moon, astronauts will: Search for the Moons water and use it. Learn ho

5、w to live and work on the surface of another celestial body (天体) where astronauts are just three days flight from home. Test the technologies we need before sending astronauts on missions to Mars, which can take an up-to-three-year round trip. The Moon is a good place to learn new science. NASA will

6、 learn more about the Moon, the Earth and even the Sun. The Moon is a test bed for Mars. The Moon is a place to show that astronauts will one day be able to work away from the Earth on Mars for long periods of time.1.What is the aim of the Artemis program?A.To help astronauts return to the Earth.B.T

7、o be ready for the landing on Mars.C.To study Mars using new science.D.To test the Moon landing spacecraft, Orion.2.Which will be the achievement of the Artemis series?A.Going to the Moons South Pole.B.Making the fastest trip into space.C.Sending the first man to the Moon.D.Flying to the Moon with t

8、hree persons.3.What will Artemis astronauts do on the Moon?A.Send astronauts to Mars.B.Run a three-year-long test.C.Find and make use of water.D.Learn to live not far from home.4.What can we conclude from the text?A.It is possible to live on another planet now.B.The crew will reach the lunar surface

9、 by Orion.C.NASA has sent the first woman astronaut to the Moon.D.The Artemis program is of great help to Mars exploration.2. Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one anot

10、her with a vocabulary of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges. Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication

11、to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member. Thats whats so amazing about chimp gestures, she said. Theyre the only thing that looks like human language in that respect. Although

12、previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animals call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said. Chimps will check to se

13、e if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signalling :Climb on me. The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers, back and they travel off together. The big message from this study is that there is

14、another species(物种) out there that is meaningful in its communication, so thats not unique to humans, said Dr Hobaiter. Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human languag

15、e. But, she added, the results were a little disappointing. The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions, she said. Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyo

16、nd what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.1.What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?A.Memorizing specific words.B.Understanding complex information.C.Using voices to communicate.D.Communicating messages on purpose.2.What did D

17、r Shultz think of the study?A.It was well designed but poorly conducted.B.It was a good try but the findings were limited.C.It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.D.It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.3.What does the underlined word gulf in the lastparagraph mean?A.Difference.

18、B.Conflict.C.Balance.D.Connection.4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthroughB.Chimpanzees developed specific communication skillsC.Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdomD.Chimpanzee language: communication gestures tr

19、anslated3. We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altit

20、udes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults. On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptationnot to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people

21、 in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. They are

22、simply a stranger to the land, said Rodney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau. Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. We were so amazed that they could

23、 stay underwater much longer than us local islanders, Dr. Jubilado said. I could see them actually walking under the sea. In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evo

24、lution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population, said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.1.What does the author want to tell us by the examp

25、les in Paragraph 1 ?A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.B.New knowledge of human evolution.C.Recent findings of human origin.D.Significance of food selection.2.Where do the Bajau build their houses?A.In valleys.B.Near rivers.C.On the beach.D.Off the coast.3.Why was the young Jubilado astoni

26、shed at the Bajau?A.They could walk on stilts all day.B.They had a superb way of fishing.C.They could stay long underwater.D.They lived on both land and water.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at SeaB.Highlanders Survival SkillsC.Basic Methods of Genetic Resea

27、rchD.The Worlds Best Divers4. The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, emplo

28、yees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology( MIT) have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. The

29、se include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day, explained Michael Strano, a professo

30、r of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a s

31、tart. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps. In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime. The

32、 engineers are also trying to develop an on and off switch where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源) such as the distance from a power plant to street

33、lamps on a remote highwaya lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.A new study of different plants.B.A big fall in crime rates.C.Employees from various workplaces.D.Benefits f

34、rom green plants.2.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?A.To detect plants lack of water.B.To change compositions of plants.C.To make the life of plants longer.D.To test chemicals in plants.3.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A.They will s

35、peed up energy production.B.They may transmit electricity to the home.C.They might help reduce energy consumption.D.They could take the place of power plants.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Can we grow more glowing plants?B.How do we live with glowing plants?C.Could glo

36、wing plants replace lamps?D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free?二、七选五5. Who would win in a fight, a lion or a tiger? Well, if size has anything to do with the matter, the tiger would win. Thats because tigers are the largest of all cat species. Tigers are not only large, they are also fast. T

37、hey can dash as fast as 40 miles per hour for short distances and leapas far as 30 feet. _ At the start of the 20th century, there were over 100,000 tigers living in the wild. By the turn of the century, the number of tigers outside of catch had decreased to just over 3,000. Interestingly, the most

38、serious threats that tigers face come from a much smaller species, one with an average weight of around 140 lbs. That species is Homo sapiens, better known as humans. _ Tigers are hunted for many reasons._ Though trading tiger skins is now illegal in most parts of the world, one tiger fur is worth a

39、round $10,000 on the black market. Though the fur would be an incentive(刺激) for most hunters, other parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny. Some people in China and other Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have cure functions. Traditional Chinese medicine calls for the use of

40、tiger bones, among other parts, to cure some disease. Tigers have also been hunted as a game._ Such killings took place in a large scale during the 19th and early 20th centuries, when an English hunter might demand to kill over a hundred tigers in their hunting careers. Though this practice is much

41、less popular today than it was in the past, it has not stopped entirely. Humans have done great damage to the worlds tiger population through hunting, but perhaps more damage has been caused through the destruction of habitat. Tigers once ranged widely across Asia, all the way from Turkey to the eas

42、tern coast of Russia._ The tiger population is now isolated in small pockets in southern and southeastern Asia. This is because humans have heavily changed the environment. Humans built towns and cities. Road and transport systems were created to connect these towns and cities. To feed the people li

43、ving in these areas, forests and fields have been cleared to create farmland. A major difficulty of preserving tigers is the large amount of territory (领土,领域) that each tiger requires. Each wild tiger demands between 200 and 300 square miles. Because tigers need so much territory, it is really diffi

44、cult to acquire enough land to support a large population of tigers. A.Humans have done great harm to tigers.B.A lion is not as large as a tiger but runs faster than it.C.People have long valued the famous striped(有条纹的) skins.D.But over the past 100 years, tigers have lost 93% of their historic rang

45、e.E.Humans threaten tigers in primarily two ways: hunting and destroying their habitat.F.In other words, people hunt tigers only for the thrill and achievement of killing them.G.You may not think that such large, fast, and fierce tigers need help to survive, but they do.三、完形填空6. The last complete ic

46、e shelf in the Canadian Arctic has collapsed (倒塌) The Milne Ice Shelf is 1 Ellesmere Island, Canada. The shelf lost2 40 percent of its area in just two days at the end of July, 2020. Above normal air temperatures, offshore winds and open water in front of the shelf are all parts of the3 for its brea

47、k-up. The shelf area shrank(缩小) by about 80 square kilometers. By comparison, the island of Manhattan in New York4 about 60 square kilometers. Temperatures in the polar area have been5 intense (强烈的). Summer in the Canadian Arctic in 2020 has been 5 degrees Celsius6 the 30-year average. That has 7 sm

48、aller ice caps,8 can melt quickly. As a glacier disappears, more bedrock is left9 . This then speeds up the melting 10 . A research camp, including instruments for measuring water flow through the ice shelf, was lost when the shelf at Ellesmere Island collapsed. It was only a 11 of time, said Mark S

49、erreze, director of the National Snow and Ice Data Center. His study showed the ice caps were 12 to disappear within five years. Their disappearance was 13 last year, when NASA satellite images of the area showed a complete lack of snow and ice. Serrezes 14 trip to the Arctic was many years ago. Whe

50、n I was there in the 1980s, I knew every square inch of those ice caps, Serreze said. You have the good 15 . Its like your first girlfriend. I want her back.1.A.at the edge ofB.in front ofC.at the back ofD.at the end of2.A.rather thanB.less thanC.other thanD.more than3.A.situationsB.conditionsC.elem

51、entsD.problems4.A.combinesB.coversC.evaluatesD.obtains5.A.seriouslyB.especiallyC.naturallyD.nearly6.A.downB.belowC.upD.above7.A.reducedB.brokenC.threatenedD.brought8.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.whose9.A.uncoveredB.coveredC.brokenD.spotted10.A.programB.progressC.projectD.process11.A.questionB.thingC.matter

52、D.concept12.A.possiblyB.likelyC.probablyD.surely13.A.simplifiedB.launchedC.confirmedD.accompanied14.A.researchB.searchC.cultureD.business15.A.dreamsB.ideasC.attitudesD.memories四、语法填空7. China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Change-4 probe (探

53、测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess_(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moons far side is _ (extreme) challenging. Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the mo

54、on in a spot_ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular _ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山), more so_ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 _ (find) and study

55、areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it _ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _ (construct). Data about the moons composition, such as how_ ice and other treasures it contain

56、s, could help China decide whether _ (it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.五、写作8.最近,你班同学就“太空是否值得探索”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下面提供的信息,用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况。 1.30%的同学认为太空不值得探索; 2.70%的同学认为太空值得探索。注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。_9.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 If Mum finds out that Im going to t

57、he beach, Ill be in big trouble,I said to myself softly in a low voice. I went downstairs slowly and tried to walk casually into the kitchen. As I was walking towards the back door, Mum asked without looking up from her dish-washing, Where are you going? I answered back without hesitation, I am goin

58、g to the garden to play. After I got out of the kitchen, I breathed a sign of relief. My plan had worked out fine so far. I climbed the fence, jumped onto the muddy field next to my house and started running towards the bus stop at top speed. After half an hour I was at the beach scanning the crowd

59、for my friends, Jimmy and Bobby. After a while, I saw them near a coconut tree. I ran towards them and got into my swimming trunk(游泳裤). For about an hour, we played volleyball happily. Suddenly, Bobby hit the ball too hard and the ball fell into the sea. Just as Bobby was going to pick up the ball,

60、the tide came in and carried the ball further and further away from the shore. I wanted to show off my swimming skills so I declared that I would help get the ball for them. I dived into the water and started swimming at a steady pace. After swimming for about ten minutes, I became tired but when I

61、saw that the ball was only a few feet away from me, I put in an extra burst of speed. However, just as I was going to get the ball, a very strong current swept the ball further away from me. At that moment, a string of weed (水草) tangled (缠绕) up with my feet and I could not swim properly. I struggled

62、 to keep afloat but it was no use. If I had listened to my parents, this would never have happened, I thought silently.注意:续写词数应为150左右。Paragraph 1 :Finally, after struggling for a minute or two, I still got pulled underwater. _Paragraph 2 :When I woke up, I was in an empty room lying on a bed. _答案以及解

63、析1.答案：1-4.BACD解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段的 Through the Artemis program, NASA will use new technology to study the Moon in new and better ways, and prepare for human missions to Mars.(通过 Artemis计划,美国国家航空航天局将使用新技术以新的和更好的方式研究月球,并为人类前往火星的任务做好准备)可知, Artemis计划的目的是为登上火星做准备。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据第六段的 The Artemis 3 crew will v

64、isit the Moons South Pole. No one has ever been there. 可知,Artemis3的工作人员将参观月球的南极,从来没有人去过那里。故选A。根据第五段中的 This trip will be the farthest one any human has experienced in space.(这将是人类进入太空最远的一次旅行)可知,B项(进行进入太空的最快的旅行)说法不正确。根据第六段中的 Artemis 3 will send a crew, including the first woman astronaut and a black a

65、stronaut, to the Moon by 2024.( Artemis 3将在2024年前派出一支包括第一位女性宇航员和一位黑人宇航员在内的队伍登陆月球)可知,C(送第一个男性到月球上去)、D(和三个人飞往月球)说法均不正确。3.细节理解题。根据 At the moon, astronauts will: Search for the Moons water and use it.可知,在月球上宇航员将寻找水并使用它。故选C。根据倒数第二段 Test the technologies we need before sending astronauts on missions to Ma

66、rs, which can take an up-to-three-year round trip.(在送宇航员去火星执行往返行程可能长达三年的任务之前,测试我们需要的技术。)可知,送宇航员去火星并不是在月球上要做的事情,在月球上只是测试一些所需要的技术,所以A项说法不正确。倒数第二段中的 which can take an up-to-three-year round trip所修饰的是 sending astronauts on missions to Mars,并不是要在月球上进行三年的测试。所以B项说法不正确。倒数第三段提到 Learn how to live and work on

67、the surface of another celestial body(天体) where astronauts are just three days flight from home.(学习如何在另一个离宇航员家只有三天航程的天体表面生活和工作。),虽然只有三天的航程,但地球到月球的距离不能称之为近,D项(学会在离家不远的地方生活)说法不正确。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的 The moon is a test bed for Mars. The Moon is a place to show that astronauts will one day be able to work a

68、way from the Earth on mars for long periods of time.(月球是火星的“试验台”。月球是一个表明宇航员有一天能够在火星上长时间远离地球工作的地方)并结合上文可知, Artemis计划对火星探索有很大帮助。故选D。A项(现在有可能生活在另一个星球上。)文中未提及,且结合常识可排除;根据第二段第一、二句可知,宇航员登陆月球表面是通过 Gateway,而不是Orion。所以B项说法错误。根据第六段的 Artemis 3 will send a crew, including the first woman astronaut and a black a

69、stronaut, to the moon by 2024.可知,并不是NASA已经将第一位女字航员送上了月球。所以C项说法错误。2.答案：1-4.DBAD解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.可知,根据Dr Catherine Hobaiter所说,黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于有目的地传递信息,故选D项。2.推理判断题。根据第六段Dr Susann

70、e Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were a little disappointing.可知,这项研究是一个好的尝试,但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B项。3.词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的Theyre the only thing

71、 that looks like human language in that respect.可知,黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication.可知,黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的,也就是So, it seems the gulf remains.,故gulf的含义最接近difference,故选A项。4.标题判断题。根据第一段中的Researche

72、rs say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use to communicate.以及文章对这方面的讨论可知,文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果,所以D项适合作本文标题。3.答案：1-4.BDCA解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into o

73、ur genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.可知,作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息,那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B项符合以上说法,故选B项。2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的The巴瑶族,as these people are known,number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditio

74、nally lived on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built houses on stilts in coastal waters.可知,巴瑶族人把房子建在沿海区域。D项符合以上说法,故选D项。3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders可知,让Jubilado感到吃惊的是巴瑶族人能在水下待更长的时间。C项符合以上说法,故选C项。4.标题判断题。根据文章的主要内容,尤其是第二段中

75、的On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptationnot to air or to food, but to the ocean.可知,本文主要讲述巴瑶族人为了更好地适应海上的生活,身体结构发生了变化,所以A项适合作本文标题,故选A项。4.答案：1-4.DACC解析：1.段落大意题。根据第一段中的A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener

76、 areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知,第一段讲的是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D项。2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a

77、 plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知,麻省理工学院工程师在植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A项。3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知,这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C项。4.标题判断题。文章第一段点明植物的积极作用;第二段是有关植物的其他方面的功能的研究;第三段说明最新的研究表明植物可以发光;第四段是有关将来要开发的一种用在植物叶子上

78、的技术及研究植物发光是否可以“打开”和“关上”;第五段表述能量在传输中损失很多,或许发光植物可以解决这一问题。故C选项(发光的植物能代替灯吗?)最能凸显本文主题。5.答案：GECFD解析：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过对一些数据和事实的分析告知读者世界上的老虎濒临灭绝主要是由于人类对老虎的猎杀以及对其生存环境的破坏。由篇章结构可知,设空处是一个过渡句;根据前文描述“老虎不仅体型庞大,而且速度也很快。它们在短距离内的冲刺速度可达每小时40英里,跳跃可达30英尺远。”和下一段前两句“在20世纪初,有超过10万只老虎生活在野外。到世纪之交时,未被捕获的老虎数量减少到了3,000 多只。”可知,设空处表示

79、的是老虎的生存受到的威胁。G项“你可能认为如此庞大、快速、凶猛的老虎不需要帮助来生存,但它们确实需要(帮助)。”承上启下,过渡自然。故选G。上文“有趣的是,老虎面临的最严重的威胁来自一个(比它们)小得多的物种,一个平均体重约140磅的物种。那个物种就是智人,也就是我们更熟知的人类。”与E项“人类主要从两个方面威胁老虎:狩猎和破坏它们的栖息地”承接自然,上下文话题一致,都讲述人类对老虎的威胁,故选E。根据空前“老虎被猎杀的原因有很多。”和空后“虽然现在在世界大部分地区,买卖虎皮是非法的,但在黑市上,一张虎皮的价值约为1万美元。”可知,设空处谈论的是老虎被猎杀的一个原因是人们为了获得虎皮。C项“人

80、们长期以来都很珍视这种著名的条纹皮。”符合题意。故选C。根据空前“猎杀老虎也被当作一种游戏。”可知,设空处是对这种行为的进一步解释。F项“换言之,人们猎杀老虎只是为了获得杀死它们的刺激和成就。”承接上一句,对上一句进行解释说明,符合题意。故选F。根据空前“老虎曾经遍布亚洲各地,从土耳其到俄罗斯东海岸的所有地方。”和空后“老虎现在被孤立在南亚和东南亚的小地方。”可知,设空处谈论的是老虎的生存范围缩小了。D项“但是在过去的100年里,老虎已经失去了它们的历史(分布)范围的93%。”承上启下,符合题意。故选D。6.答案：1-5.ADCBB; 6-10.DCAAD; 11-15.CBCAD解析：1.考

81、查介词短语辨析。句意:米尔恩冰架位于加拿大埃尔斯米尔岛的边缘。at the edge of在的边缘;in front of在的前面;at the back of在的后部;at the end of在结尾。故选A。2.考查固定短语辨析。句意:在2020年7月底,仅仅两天时间,该冰架面积就减少了超过40%。rather than而不是;less than远不是;other than除以外;more than超过。根据上文The last complete ice shelf in the Canadian Arctic has collapsed(倒塌).(加拿大北极地区最后一个完整的冰架崩塌了。

82、)可知,此处指2020年7月底冰架面积减少了40%以上。故选D。3.考查名词辨析。句意:高于正常气温、离岸风和大陆架前的开放水域都是导致其断裂的部分要素。situation情况;condition条件;element要素;problem问题。故选C。4.考查动词辨析。句意:相比之下,纽约的曼哈顿岛占地大约60平方公里。combine组合,结合;cover占(一片面积);evaluate评价;obtain获得。根据60 square kilometers可知,此处表示岛屿覆盖的范围。故选B。5.考查副词辨析。句意:极地地区的温度尤其高。seriously严重地;especially尤其;natu

83、rally自然地;nearly几乎。故选B。6.考查介词辨析。句意:2020年加拿大北极地区的夏季比30年来的平均气温高出5摄氏度。down向下;below在下面;up向,在(较高位置);above在之上。根据上文The shelf lost more than 40 percent of its area in just two days at the end of July,2020.可知,冰架的融化是由于2020年的气温比往年更高。故选D。7.考查动词辨析。句意:那已经威胁到可以迅速融化的较小的冰盖。reduce减少;break破坏;threaten威胁;bring带来。故选C。8.考查

84、关系词辨析。分析句子结构,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词ice caps,关系词在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词which引导。故选A。9.考查形容词辨析。句意:随着冰川的消失,更多的基岩裸露在外。uncovered裸露的;暴露的;covered有顶的;broken破损的;spotted有斑点的。故选A。10.考查名词辨析。句意:然后这就加速了融化过程。program项目;progress进步;project方案,工程;process过程,进程。根据As a glacier disappears, more bedrock is left uncovered.可知,冰川融化导致的基岩裸

85、露加速了融化的过程。故选D。11.考查名词辨析。此处表示“这只是时间问题。question疑问;thing事件;matter问题;concept概念,观念。a matter of.为常用搭配,意为问题”。故选C。12.考查形容词和副词辨析。句意:他的研究表明,冰盖有可能在五年内消失。possibly有可能地;likely可能的,或许的;probably很可能,大概;surely必定,当然。sb/sth. be likely to do sth.为固定短语,意为“某人/某物有可能做某事”。故选B。13.考查动词辨析。句意:去年,(美国)国家航空和航天局的卫星图像显示,该地区完全没有冰雪,这证实了

86、冰盖的消失。simplify使简化;launch发起,发动;confirm证实;accompany陪伴。故选C。14.考查名词辨析。句意:Serreze的北极考察之旅是许多年前的事了。research调查,研究;search搜寻,搜索;culture文化;business生意。故选A。15.考查名词辨析。此处表示“你有美好的回忆”。dream梦想;idea想法,主意;attitude态度;memory回忆。根据上文When I was there in the 1980s, I knew every square inch of those ice caps可知,根据Serreze的描述,当年

87、的极地考察之旅是美好的回忆。故选D。7.答案：touched; extremely; where; interest; than; to find; means; is constructed; much; its解析：本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自然。主题语境内容为宇宙奥秘探索。文章主要讲述了中国发射的嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功着陆的重大事件。本文旨在激发学生的国家认同感和民族自豪感。考查时态。根据时间状语last week可知设空处需用一般过去时,故填touched。考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰形容词challenging,需用副词形式;根据提示词可知答案为extremely。考查定

88、语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为spot,将先行词代入定语从句后为:It could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth in the spot.设空处作地点状语,故填where。考查名词。设空处作介词of的宾语,根据提示词可知设空处需填名词形式;此外“be of+抽象名词”也是固定结构,故填名词interest。考查介词。根据设空处前的more可知设空处填介词than。考查非谓语动词。设空处作目的状语,主语Chinese researchers与find为逻辑上的主动关系,故填不定式的主动形式to find。考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境

89、及设空处后宾语从句中的谓语动词have可知设空处需用一般现在时;主语it为第三人称单数,故填means。考查语态和主谓一致。主语the moon与construct为被动关系,故设空处需用被动语态,主语为the moon,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填is constructed。考查限定词。设空处后的名词ice作“冰”讲时为不可数名词,根据上下文可知设空处填much。考查代词。设空处作名词plans的定语,故需用形容词性物主代词;根据提示词it可知设空处填its。8.答案： Recently, students in our class have had a discussion on

90、whether space is worth exploring. 30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earths problems such as starvation and pollution. On the other hand, 70% think space i

91、s worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it, such as using satellites for communication and the weather forecast.Whats more, with further space research, we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also, space research will enable us to find new sources to s

92、olve the problem of energy shortages on earth.9.答案：Paragraph 1: Finally, after struggling for a minute or two, I still got pulled underwater. I told myself I should never give up. Then I pulled the weed again with great efforts. The weed finally broke. I swam back to the surface to take a deep breat

93、h. I saw two young men in canoes, racing each other. I was exhausted and shouted for help. The two men saw me and raced towards me. By the time they reached me, I had already been unconscious.Paragraph 2: When I woke up, I was in an empty room lying on a bed. It was not until a doctor came into the

94、room that I realized that I was in a hospital. Jimmy and Bobby told me the two young men brought me to the shore and sent me to the hospital. After a few minutes, my parents with half angry and half worried faces walked in. My parents scolded me for running out of the house secretly but were also glad that I was not seriously injured. I willnever forget that terrifying experience. Neither will I ever want to show off again.17