专题05极端天气-备战2022年中考英语阅读理解热点话题特训.doc

1、 05 极端天气Passage1Hato, Pakhar, Mawar, Harvey.Have you ever heard of these names? These are the names of typhoons and hurricanes（飓风）. Every summer, the storms will do some damage to Asia and North America. But do you know how these storms got their names?Hurricanes used to be named after saints and la

2、titude-longitude（经纬度）positions. During World War I, US military（军队的）weathermen named hurricanes after their girlfriends or wives. It was easy to remember. So after the war, womens names continued to be used for storms. Finally in1979, mens names started to be used, too. Now, the World Meteorological

3、 Organization（WMO, 世界气象组织）is responsible for hurricane names. They keep six lists of names in alphabetical（按字母表顺序的）order, with one list used each year. This means each name will be reused every six years. So, the 2013 name list is now being used again in 2019. However, if a storm is especially damag

4、ing, such as 2005s Katrina, that storms name will not be used again. Typhoons are the brother of hurricanes, though they happen in the Pacific Ocean instead of the Atlantic Ocean (大西洋)(where hurricanes usually take place). The new naming system for typhoons has been used since 2000. The WMO asked ea

5、ch of its 14 members in the Asia Pacific area to hand in a list of 10 names. Members include China, Japan and South Korea. But instead of picking human names, scientists decided to name the extreme（极端的）weather after animals, plants, places and even food. For example, Hato, provided by Japan, is a co

6、nstellation（星座）; Pakhar, provided by Lao, is a kind of fish living in the Mekong River; Mawar is from Malaysia, meaning rose.1The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refers to _.AhurricanesBtyphoonsCnamesDstorms2Which statement is False among the following sentences?AHurricanes is named by militar

7、y weathermen now.BHurricanes began to be named after womens names during World War .CThe storms name will not be reused if it is especially damaging.DNow names of typhoons come from the list that some countries offer.3What can we infer（推断）from the passage?ATyphoons were never named after latitude-lo

8、ngitude positions.BStorms were named after women after World War .CHurricanes usually take place in the Atlantic Ocean.DWeve used the new naming system for hurricanes since 2013.4According to the passage, we can know_.Ahow the storms are formedBhow the storms are namedChow the storms are rememberedD

9、how the storms are decidedPassage2 On May 6th, 2020, a 30-member Chinese survey team started the project to measure the height of Qomolangma (珠穆朗玛峰). Actually it has been measured by many countries. In 1856, a British survey team measured the height of Qomolangma. Their result showed that Qomolangma

10、 reached a height of 8,840 meters above sea level. In 1955, the figure (数据) was rewritten by an Indian team to 8,848 meters, and later to 8,850 meters according to a US team in 1999. And in 2005, a Chinese team got a height of 8,844 meters.It is not an easy task to measure the height of Qomolangma.

11、The average air temperature on the mountain is -29 C and powerful winds blow all the time. In such extreme conditions, surveying drones (无人机) cannot work at the top of the mountain. Thats why its still necessary to send human experts to the top to get exact results.Measuring the height of Qomolangma

12、 is much more than just getting an exact number. Lying at the place where the Eurasian Plate (板块) meets the Indian Plate, Mount Qomolangma formed 38 million years ago as a result of the two plates hitting, which makes it the perfect window for studying crustal (地壳的) movements. Changes to the mountai

13、ns height can suggest whether the two plates are heading toward or away from each other.The survey team will also get firsthand information about the condition of the snow and other natural materials at the top, which could be a sign of climate change on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau (青藏高原) .5The latest

14、 height of Qomolangma is _ meters in the passage.A8,840B8,848C8,850D8,8446The underlined word extreme in paragraph 2 means _ in Chinese.A晴朗的B极端的C刺激性的D清晰的7How did Mount Qomolangma appear?APowerful winds blow strongly all the time.BThe Eurasian Plate meets the Indian Plate.CIt is the result of the hit

15、ting of the plates.DThe climate changed on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau.8What will the writer continue to write in paragraph 4?AComparison (比较) of the information they got.BChange of the condition of the snow.CChange of other natural materials.DAnalysis (分析) of the change of the climate.Passage3Nature

16、shows itself in many ways. One of the most impressive(令人印象深刻的) forms is a kind of storm known as a hurricane, typhoon or tropical cyclone. These powerful weather events form over water. They are known as hurricanes in the central and eastern North Pacific and the North Atlantic Oceans, typhoons in t

17、he Northwest Pacific Ocean and tropical cyclones in the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean.The spinning(旋转的) round storms can become powerful, spreading over 900 kilometers across. The winds inside the storms can reach speeds of more than 320 kilometers per hour. The storms also may reach a height o

18、f up to 15 kilometers. They spin around a center called the “eye”, which is a calm area with low wind speed. When these storms reach the shore, they are sometimes strong enough to tear trees out of the ground. Heavy rains and large waves often cause flooding and great damage to buildings.A new study

19、 shows that, during the last 70 years, the speed at which these storms move across water and land has been gradually slowing down. As a result, they have been putting more and more rain on land. This has caused increased flooding and loss of life. In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey moved so slowly acr

20、oss the U.S. state of Texas that it was able to put more than 30 inches of rain, leading to great damage.According to scientists, the reason for these slower-moving storms is atmospheric(大气的) warming. Over the years, the Earths atmosphere has been slowly warming up. This has caused air circulation(循

21、环) in the Earths atmosphere to weaken. As a result, the winds that push tropical storms along have gotten weaker, so the storms slowed down.9Which of the following statements is TRUE according the passage?ATyphoons develop in the central and eastern Pacific.BSlow moving storms put less rain on land.

22、CThe speed of storms is affected by atmospheric warming.DThe eye of a storm is an area with high wind speed.10What did the study mentioned in Paragraph 3 discover?AA trend that has lasted for decades.BA theory that shows the causes of storms.CA material that hurts the environment.DA method that prot

23、ects people from storm.11In which part of the magazine can this article be read?AEducation.BHealth.CTravel.DEnvironment.Passage4Scientists have long predicted that warmer temperatures caused by climate（气候）change will have the biggest influence on the worlds poorest people. New research now suggests

24、that has already happened over the past years.A study coming out in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science found that in most poor countries, higher temperatures are more than 90% likely to have resulted in a fall in economic output（经济产量）, compared to a world without global（全球的）warming.

25、The influence has been less big in richer countrieswith some even benefiting（获益） from higher temperatures.“Were not saying that global warming created inequality（不公平）,” says Noah S. Diffenbaugh, the writer of the study and a professor at Stanford University who studies climate change. But “global wa

26、rming has slowed down the improvement”. The poorest countries are facing the worst influence of rising temperaturesfor which they are least responsible, he adds.The new study builds on past research. A 2015 study in the journal Nature predicted that the average income（平均收入） in the poorest countries

27、will be 25% lower by 2100 compared to a world without warming, while some of the richest countrieslike the USAcould experience an increase in income. And a report from IPCC, the UNs climate science body, showed that if global temperatures rise more than 1.5 by the end of the century, poor countries

28、will likely face very serious challenges, including the disappearance of whole communities and millions of early deaths. “They will suffer the most, as they are already,” said Mary Robinson, who used to be a UN Special Envoy on Climate Change and a president of Ireland.The influence is greater elsew

29、here, especially in Sub-Saharan, African countries including Sudan, Burkina Faso and Niger, where climate change has driven the average income more than 20% lower. “There are a number of ways by which temperature influences economic activities,” says Diffenbaugh Whats clear is that, for poor countri

30、es, the news is all bad.12According to the text, warmer temperatures _.Aare mainly caused by poor countriesBmay bring advantages to rich countriesChad no influence on the world beforeDcan improve the poorest peoples health13What does “suffer” underlined in Paragraph 4 most probably mean in Chinese?A

31、供应B犹豫C遭受D谋利14Which of the following will face great economic problems caused by climate change?AThe UN.BThe USACIreland.DBurkina Faso.15What is the main idea of the text?AClimate change will make poor countries poorer.BWe must take action to deal with climate change.CClimate change can cause million

32、s of early deaths.DPeople make good predictions about climate change.16From which is the text most probably taken?AA geography textbook.BA health magazine.CA research paper.DA storybook.Passage5 Some scientists say that the weather in the future wont be good. Summers will be hotter. Warmer, wetter w

33、inters are on the way. Terrible droughts (干旱), floods, wildfires, and storms may often happen.Whats the reason for all those wacky weather changes?Global warming causes (导致) some weather changes. Global warming happens when gases in the air take in the Suns energy. That energy heats the Earth. Witho

34、ut the gases, the energy would go into space. Some global warming is good. Without it, the Earth would be too cold to live on.For years, humans make lots of pollution. Pollution is one of the reasons for global warming. There are some signs (迹象) of global warming. One of the signs is happening in th

35、e coldest parts of the world. Near the North and South Poles, large ice sheets (冰原) are breaking up. Scientists think some may disappear by the year 2100. Because the ice melts, ocean levels rise. This might cause floods.In some areas, global warming might cause droughts. Droughts may cause wildfire

36、s.Scientists say that cutting down air pollution will slow global warming. One way to lower air pollution is to drive less. People also need to find cleaner ways to make electricity.17What will the winter be like in the future according to the scientists?ACooler.BDrier.CWarmer.DColder.18What does th

37、e underlined word “wacky” mean?AStrange.BComfortable.CFamous.DImportant.19Which is NOT true about global warming?AIt can cause some weather changes.BIt is good for people sometimes.CIt can cause the ice to melt.DIt can be stopped if there is no air pollution on Earth.20What CANNOT help to slow down

38、global warming according to the passage?ACutting down air pollution.BTrying to drive less.CBurning rubbish to make energy.DFinding cleaner ways to make electricity.21Whats the passage mainly about?ASome useful ways to stop air pollution.BWhy weather changes happen.CSome terrible disasters (灾难) on ea

39、rth.DHow to protect the North and South Poles.Passage6Its commonly known that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) causes global warming. The whole world has made great efforts to improve the situation. Among them, the trees planted in China are playing an important role.A report published in

40、Nature shows that CO2 absorption (吸收) in two new forest areas in China is more than we thought. The two areas are located in Chinas southwestern and northeastern provinces. They make up over 35 percent of Chinas carbon sinks. Carbon sinks are natural systems that absorb and store CO2 from the air. T

41、he main natural carbon sinks are trees and other plants.According to Paul Palmer, these provinces have been working on rapid forestation (造林) in large areas. Over the past 10 to 15 years, the forest areas have kept increasing by 400-4,400 square kilometers per year.China is one of the worlds biggest

42、 countries of human-produced CO2, _. In 1978, China began a national-level forestation project. Many trees have planted in the areas of northern China to act as windbreaks. For example, about one third of the Kubuqi Desert in Inner Mongolia is now covered with trees. In 2019, Alipays Ant Forest prog

43、ram planted 122 million trees and won the UN Champions of the Earth award for helping 500 million people live low-carbon lives.Chinas goal is to reach carbon neutrality by 2060. Carbon neutrality refers to removing as much CO2 as one puts into the air. If Chinas goal is achieved, it will lower globa

44、l warming by around 0.2 to 0.3 alone, according to Climate Action Tracker (CAT).22Chinas carbon sinks are mainly located in the _.Asoutheast and northeastBsouthwest and northeastCsoutheast and northwestDsouthwest and northwest23In Paragraph 3, Paul Palmer shows Chinas achievement in forestation by _

45、.Ausing numbersBasking questionsCgiving examplesDmaking comparison24Which of the following can be put in the _ in Paragraph 4?Aand it has caused serious environmental problemsBso the government will take steps to stop air pollutionCthough most of Chinese people are living low-carbon livesDbut our co

46、untry has been working on reducing its climate influence25The passage mainly talks about _.Awhat causes global warmingBwhat China does to lower global warmingCwhy China produces so much CO2Dhow trees absorb and store CO2 from the airPassage7April 22nd is World Earth Day. Its a day to remind（提醒）us to

47、 care about our planet（星球）. The earth faces a lot of problems.Global warming（全球变暖）is a very big problem in the world. It makes the earth hot and changes the climate. It also makes the sea level rise（上升）. If the sea level goes on rising, some places such as the Maldives, St Petersburg in Russia and B

48、angkok in Thailand, may disappear under water in just a few years.Another serious problem is water pollution（污染）. We can only use 3 percent（百分之）of the earths water. But people throw trash and pour dirty water into rivers and the sea. Almost 884 million people dont have clean water to drink.Besides,

49、humans are using up（耗尽）natural resources（资源）. According to a report from BP（英国石油公司）, there will be no coal（煤）to use on the Earth by 2158 and oil will dry up by 2050.To save the earth, everyone should do something.26When is World Earth Day?AApril 21st.BApril 22nd.CMay 22nd.DMay 23rd.27Which of the pr

50、oblems is NOT mentioned（提及）in the passage?AGlobal warming.BAir pollution.CHumans are using up natural resources.DWater pollution.28What does the underlined word “disappear” mean in paragraph 2?A消失B发现C融化D显现29If the writer continues（继续）to write, the next part（部分）of the passage will be about _.Ahow to

51、control（控制）global warmingBwhy the earth has so many problemsCwhat we can do to protect（保护）the earthDwhen will other resources be used upPassage8 Maybe you know floods, earthquakes, sandstorms and so on. But have you heard of typhoons (台风)?Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually around the Pac

52、ific Ocean and the South China Sea. Most happen in July, August and September.How does a typhoon happen? When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates (蒸发) into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move higher up into sky. Then cooler air

53、 around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles (圆圈) and it keeps moving higher in the sky. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. And when the wind moves faster than 30 metres a second,

54、a typhoon begins.A typhoon has two parts, one is called the “eye”. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. Here are the strongest winds and hardest rains.Typhoons are very dangerous. What shall we do when a typhoon hits?Stay inside. Close all

55、the windows and stay away from them.Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong winds could even blow away your bikes!Listen to the radio or TV for important information.If youre told to go to a safer place, do it right now.30When a typhoon comes, we CANNOT _.Astay inside the strong houseBclose a

56、ll the windowsCgo outside to find a safer place by ourselvesDlisten to typhoon news31In which order (顺序) does a typhoon happen?a. The wind moves fast enough, a typhoon starts.b. The air moves quickly, making wind.c. The sun makes sea water hot.d. The air gets warmer.Ac-d-a-bBd-b-a-cCd-c-b-aDc-d-b-a3

57、2This passage is most probably from _.Aa weather reportBa science magazineCa travel record Dan advertisement【答案】1B2A3C4B【分析】本文介绍了台风和飓风命名的历史。1词义推断题。they指代上句中的主语typhoons。故选B。2细节理解题。根据“Now, the World Meteorological Organization（WMO, 世界气象组织）is responsible for hurricane names. ”可知现在飓风的名字是由WMO命名的。故选A。3推理判

58、断题。根据“Typhoons are the brother of hurricanes, though they happen in the Pacific Ocean instead of the Atlantic Ocean (大西洋)(where hurricanes usually take place).”可知飓风通常发生在大西洋。故选C。4推理判断题。根据“But do you know how these storms got their names?”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了台风和飓风的命名。故选B。5D6B7C8D【分析】本文讲述了人类测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度并对其进行了

59、研究。5细节理解题。根据“And in 2005, a Chinese team got a height of 8,844 meters.”可知，文章中提到的珠穆朗玛峰的最新高度是8844米，故选D。6词句猜测题。分析“The average air temperature on the mountain is -29 C and powerful winds blow all the time. In such extreme conditions, surveying drones (无人机) cannot work at the top of the mountain.”可知，山上的平

60、均气温是-29C，强风一直在吹，测量的无人机不能到山顶，山顶的条件是极端恶劣的。所以推测extreme是“极端”的含义，故选B。7细节理解题。根据“Mount Qomolangma formed 38 million years ago as a result of the two plates hitting”可知，珠穆朗玛峰形成于3800万年前，是两个板块碰撞的结果，故选C。8推理判断题。分析最后一段内容“The survey team will also get firsthand information about the condition of the snow and other

61、 natural materials at the top, which could be a sign of climate change on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau (青藏高原) .”可知，调查队还将获得关于山顶积雪和其他自然物质状况的第一手信息，这可能是青藏高原气候变化的一个迹象。所以推测接下来文章可能会分析青藏高原气候的变化。故选D。9C10A11D【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自然界中常见的现象被称为飓风、台风或热带气旋的风暴。随着大气变暖，风暴的移动速度逐渐减慢，这也给陆地带来了越来越多的雨水。9细节理解题。根据原文“According to sci

62、entists, the reason for these slower-moving storms is atmospheric(大气的) warming”可知，风暴的速度受大气变暖影响。故选C。10推理判断题。根据原文“A new study shows that, during the last 70 years, the speed at which these storms move across water and land has been gradually slowing down”可知，一项新的研究表明，在过去的70年里，这些风暴移动的速度逐渐减慢，由此可推断该研究发现，风

63、暴移动速度逐渐减慢这一趋势已经持续了数十年。故选A。11推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自然界中常见的现象被称为飓风、台风或热带气旋的风暴。随着大气变暖，风暴的移动速度逐渐减慢，这也给陆地带来了越来越多的雨水。根据四个选项推断，这篇关于气候变化影响风暴移动以及由此给人类带来影响的文章可能出现在环境版块。故选D。12B13C14D15A16C【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了气温升高会对贫穷国家造成重大影响，使他们更加贫穷。12细节理解题。根据“The influence has been less big in richer countrieswith some even

64、benefiting（获益） from higher temperatures.”可知，在较富裕的国家，气候变化的影响较小，有些国家甚至从高温中获益。所以，气温升高可能会给富裕国家带来好处。故选B。13词义猜测题。根据画线词后句“as they are already.”以及前文“poor countries will likely face very serious challenges, including the disappearance of whole communities and millions of early deaths.”可知，贫穷国家很可能面临非常严重的挑战，包括整

65、个社区的消失和数百万人的过早死亡。所以，贫穷国家会遭受气温升高所带来的影响。画线词suffer意为“遭受”，故选C。14细节判断题。根据“The influence is greater elsewhere,especially in sub-Saharan, African driven the average income more than 20% lower.”可知，布基纳法索（非洲国家）将面临由气候变化引起的重大经济问题。故选D。15主旨大意题。根据“Scientists have long predicted that warmer temperatures caused by c

66、limate （气候） change will have the big influence on the worlds poorest people.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了气温升高会对贫穷国家造成重大影响，使他们更加贫穷。故选A。16推理判断题。根据“Scientists have long predicted that warmer temperatures caused by climate （气候） change will have the big influence on the worlds poorest people. New research now sugges

67、ts that has already happened over the past years.”可知，科学家们早就预测，气候变化导致的气温升高将对世界上最贫穷的人产生重大影响。新的研究表明，这种情况在过去几年已经发生了。本文最有可能来源于一篇研究论文。故选C。17C18A19D20C21B【分析】本文介绍了造成天气变化的原因。17细节理解题。根据“Warmer, wetter winters are on the way.”可知，根据科学家们的预测未来的冬天可能会更温暖、更湿润。故选C。18词义猜测题。根据“Terrible droughts (干旱), floods, wildfires

68、, and storms may often happen.”可以推出这些天气都很奇怪。因此wacky在这里是“strange”的意思。故选A。19细节理解题。根据“Scientists say that cutting down air pollution will slow global warming.”科学家说减少空气污染将减缓全球变暖，而不能使它停止。故选D。20推理判断题。根据“Scientists say that cutting down air pollution will slow global warming. One way to lower air pollution

69、 is to drive less. People also need to find cleaner ways to make electricity.”可以推出燃烧垃圾制造能源不能帮助减缓全球变暖。故选C。21主旨大意题。根据“Whats the reason for all those wacky weather changes?”及下文的介绍可知，本文介绍了造成天气变化的原因。故选B。22B23A24D25B【分析】文章主要讲了中国为减缓全球变暖所做的一切。22细节理解题。根据“The two areas are located in Chinas southwestern and n

70、ortheastern provinces. They make up over 35 percent of Chinas carbon sinks.”可知中国的碳汇主要位于西南和东北。故选B。23细节理解题。根据“Over the past 10 to 15 years, the forest areas have kept increasing by 400-4,400 square kilometers per year.”可知在第三段，Paul Palmer通过列数字展示了中国在造林方面的成就。故选A。24推理判断题。下文讲中国为二氧化碳的产生对其后造成的危害所做的努力，由此可知虽然是

71、世界上人为产生二氧化碳最多的国家之一，但一直在努力改变，设空处用“but our country has been working on reducing its climate influence”表示“但我们国家一直在努力减少对气候的影响”。故选D。25主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章主要讲了中国为减缓全球变暖所做的一切。故选B。26B27B28A29C【分析】本文主要讲述了地球面临的一些问题，作者呼吁我们要做一些事情拯救我们的地球。26细节理解题。根据第一段“April 22nd is World Earth Day.”可知，世界地球日在4月22日。故选B。27细节理解题。根据第二段“Glo

72、bal warming（全球变暖）is a very big problem in the world.”、第三段“Another serious problem is water pollution（污染）.”和第四段“Besides, humans are using up（耗尽）natural resources（资源）.”可知，文中提到了全球变暖、水污染、自然资源正在被耗尽三个问题，没有提及空气污染。故选B。28词句猜测题。根据第二段“If the sea level goes on rising”可知，如果海平线上升，水会淹没这些城市，导致这些城市消失，所以划线部分单词disappe

73、ar意为“消失”。故选A。29推理判断题。根据最后一段“To save the earth, everyone should do something.”可知，作者在叙述了地球面临的问题之后，呼吁大家要做些事情拯救地球，所以接下来作者会叙述我们应该做什么来保护地球。故选C。30C31D32B【分析】本文介绍了台风的形成过程和组成部分及危害。和台风来临时，我们该做什么。30细节理解题。根据“Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them.”可知，当台风来临时，我们不能出去找更安全的地方。故选C。31排序题。根据第三段内容可知台风的形成的顺序：太阳让海水变热空气变得更暖空气移动很快，产生风风移动得足够快，产生台风。故选D。32推理判断题。本文介绍了台风的形成过程和组成部分及危害。和台风来临时，我们该做什么。由此可推出最可能选自一本自然杂志。故选B。