2021高三统考人教英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一部分 BOOK 5 UNIT 3 LIFE IN THE FUTURE WORD版含解析.doc

1、Unit 3 Life in the future基础自主检测阅读识记.英译汉1.aspect n. 方面；层面2.tablet n. 药片3.steward n. 乘务员；服务员4.mask n. 面具；面罩；伪装5.carriage n. 运输工具；四轮马车；客车6.timetable n. 时间表；时刻表7.dustbin n. 垃圾箱8.goods n. 货物.汉译英1.jet n. 喷气式飞机2.capsule n. 太空舱；胶囊3.opening n. (出入的)通路；开口；开端4.sideways adv. 往(向、从)一侧；侧着；侧面朝前5.mud n. 泥(浆)6.typis

2、t n. 打字员7.typewriter n. 打字机8.button n. 纽扣；按钮高频应用1.previous adj. 在前的；早先的2.fasten vt. 系牢；扎牢3.belt n. 腰带；皮带 4.flash vt.& vi. (使)闪光；(使)闪现5.switch n. 开关；转换vt. 转换 6.desert n. 沙漠；荒原7.citizen n. 公民；居民；市民 8.receiver n. 接受者；接收器；电话听筒9.ecology n. 生态；生态学 10.greedy adj. 贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的11.swallow vt. 吞下；咽下 12.material

3、 n. 原料；材料13.recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用拓展变形1.impression (n.) 印象；感想；印记impress (vt.) 使留下深刻印象impressive (adj.) 令人印象深刻的2.constant (adj.) 时常发生的；连续不断的constantly (adv.) 不断地3.uncertain (adj.) 不确切的；无把握的uncertainly (adv.) 犹豫地；迟疑地uncertainty (n.) 犹豫；迟疑；无把握4.guide (n.) 指导；向导；导游 (vt.) 指引；指导guidance (n.) 指引guiding (adj.

4、) 给予指导的5.surroundings (n.) 周围的事物；环境surrounding (adj.) 周围的surround (vt.) 围绕6.tolerate (vt.) 容忍；忍受toleration (n.) 容忍；忍受tolerant (adj.) 容忍的；宽容的7.lack (vi.& vt.) 缺乏；没有 (n.) 缺乏；短缺的东西lacking (adj.) 缺乏的；短缺的8.adjustment (n.) 调整；调节adjust (vt.) 调整9.press (vi.& vt.) 按；压；逼迫 (n.) 按；压；印刷；新闻pressure (n.) 压力10.exha

5、usted (adj.) 筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的exhaust (vt.) 耗尽11.optimistic (adj.) 乐观(主义)的optimism (n.) 乐观主义12.instant (n.) 瞬间；片刻 (adj.) 立即的；立刻的instantly (adv.) 立即；立刻13.representative (n.) 代表；典型人物 (adj.) 典型的；有代表性的represent (vt.) 代表14.settlement (n.) 定居；解决settle (v.) 定居；解决settler (n.) 开拓者；定居者；移民者15.motivation (n.) 动机motiv

6、ate (vt.) 成为的动机；激励1.单复数意义不同的名词good 善行；好处goods 货物brain 智力brains 智者custom 习惯；风俗customs 海关instruction 教导instructions 用法说明pain 痛苦pains 辛苦；劳苦sand 沙子sands 沙滩time 时间times 时代2.男女有别3.er后缀指物的名词typewriter 打字机receiver 听筒；接收器counter 柜台drawer 抽屉cooker 炊具speaker 扬声器一 动词介/副词1.take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用2.suffer from 患有(

7、疾病等)；为受苦3.sweep up 打扫；横扫4.slide into (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进5.speed up 加速二 be形容词/副词介词6.be back on ones feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原7.be greedy for . 对贪婪三 介词名词8.as a result 结果；因此9.in all directions 向四面八方四 其他10.(a) lack of 方面的短缺11.lose sight of . 看不见1.“v.from” 短语荟萃suffer from 遭受result from 因而起adapt from 从改编escape from 从逃脱

8、benefit from 从中获益die from 死于date from 始于hear from 收到某人的来信2.与身体部位相关的俚语get back on ones feet 从失败中重新站起来have an ear/an eye/a nose for 有眼光；很能鉴赏；对感兴趣give someone a black eye 把某人打得鼻青眼肿fall on deaf ears 不被理睬，未被听取live hand to mouth 勉强糊口，勉强维持生活_1.特殊疑问词插入语(do you think/suppose/expect/believe等)陈述语序Which problem

9、s do_you_think (你认为) people will have overcome in one thousand years？(教材P17)2.形容词不定式(作状语)，主动表被动At first my new surroundings were difficult_to_tolerate (难以忍受)(教材P18)3.过去分词短语在句子中作状语Hit_by_a_lack_of_fresh_air (由于缺乏新鲜空气), my head ached.(教材P18)4.make宾语宾语补足语“Put on this mask，” he advised. “Itll make_you_f

10、eel_much_better (使你感觉好些)” (教材P18)5.what引导的名词性从句However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what_looked_like_a_large_market (一个看上去像是大市场的地方) because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.(教材P18)6.形容词作状语Exhausted (我感到累极了), I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.(教材P18)7.where引导定语从句，修饰先

11、行词Well, now theres a system where_the_waste_is_disposed_of (能处理掉废弃物) using the principles of ecology.(教材P22)单句语法填空1.I still cannot believe _ I am taking up this prize _ I won last year.答案：that; that2.I have to remind myself _ (constant) that I am really in AD 3008.答案：constantly3.I can still remember

12、 the moment _ the space stewardess called us all to the capsule.答案：when4.Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment this new situation, Wang Ping appeared.答案：to5.Soon I was back _ my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer.答案：on6.These carriages float abo

13、ve the ground and _ bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly.答案：by7._ (arrive) at a strangelooking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room.答案：Arriving8.I found later _ their leaves provided the room _ muchneeded oxygen.答案：that; with9.My first visit was to a space stati

14、on _ (consider) the most modern in space.答案：considered10.I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, _ (absorb) by its efficiency.答案：absorbed考点步步冲关1 impressionn. 印象；感想；印记FIRST IMPRESSIONS(P17)第一印象(1)be under the impression that . 觉得；以为；有某种想法(多指被表象欺骗的想法)make/leave/have a(n) . impression on/upo

15、n 给留下印象(2)impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事impress sb. with sth. 给某人留下印象be impressed by/with 对印象深刻(3)impressive adj. 使人印象深刻的；引人注目的即时练1单句语法填空A baby can only receive sense _ (impress), but it cannot understand them.I have to say that this opening ceremony is the most _ (impress) one I have ever seen.I

16、_ (impress) by his devotion to research but I did not have the slightest interest in his profound theories.Much _ (impress) by her diligence, the banker has decided to sponsor her till she graduates from college.答案：impressionsimpressivewas impressedimpressed一句多译我第一次见他时，他的幽默感给我留下了深刻的印象。The first time

17、 I saw him, I _ his sense of humor.The first time I saw him, his sense of humor _ me.答案：was deeply impressed by/withleft/made/had a deep impression on/upon2 toleratevt. 容忍；忍受At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.(P18)开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 忍受/容忍(某人)做某事cant st

18、and (sb.) doing sth.cant bear doing/to do sth. 不能容忍/忍受(做)某事(2)tolerance n. 容忍；宽容have tolerance for 忍受；容忍(3)tolerant adj. 容忍的；宽容的即时练2单句语法填空Turn the volume down, please. I have little _ (tolerate) for noise.He is a very _ (tolerate) and understanding man. He never complains about anyone or anything in

19、 any situation.Being a badtempered man, he would not tolerate _ (have) his lectures interrupted.Mr Smith couldnt tolerate _ (disturb) by the noises from the cars downstairs while writing, so he called the police.答案：tolerancetoleranthavingbeing disturbed3 lackvi.& vt. 缺乏；没有n. 缺乏；短缺的东西Hit by a lack of

20、 fresh air, my head ached.(P18)由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。(1)lack sth. 缺少某物(2)for lack of sth. 因缺乏某物；因没有某物a lack of sth. 缺乏某物no lack of 不缺乏(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的(不用于名词前)be lacking in 缺少名师点津lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可用作及物动词(不用被动语态)，也可作不及物动词用(与介词for连用，lack for多用于否定句)；形容词lacking与in连用。即时练3单句语法填空The children lack _ noth

21、ing although the parents are poorly dressed. More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities _ lack of space.Before we had a child we felt that there was something _ (lack) in our lives.Living in the desert involves a lot of problems, of which _ (lack) water is the worst.答案：forforlack

22、inglacking一句多译他在学习上信心不足，这就是他不能取得进步的原因。_ in his study accounts for why he makes little progress.He _ in his study, which accounts for why he makes little progress.答案：Lack of confidence/Lacking confidencelacks confidence/is lacking in confidence4 instantn. 瞬间；片刻adj. 立即的；立刻的You place the metal band ove

23、r your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant its sent.(P22)你把这种金属带放在头上，排除杂念，按下发送按钮，集中精神想着你要发送的信息，片刻信息就发出去了。(1)in an instantfor an instant 一瞬间(2)名师点津表示“一就”的结构归纳：as soon as; no sooner . than . ；hardly . when . ；immediately/directly/instantly从句；the ins

24、tant/moment/minute/second从句；on/upon(动)名词即时练4一句多译一到达剧院，他发现朋友给他的票忘在家里了。_ the theatre, he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home._ the theatre, he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home._ the theatre, he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home._ the theatre _ he fo

25、und the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.答案：On arriving atThe instant/The moment/The minute/The second he arrived atInstantly/Immediately/Directly he arrived atHardly had he arrived at; when1take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用(时间)；占据(空间)教材原句I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I wo

26、n last year.(P17)我现在仍然不能相信我是在接受去年获得的这个奖励。take off 脱掉(衣服等)；(飞机等)起飞；事业腾飞take over 接管take apart 拆开take down 写下；记下；拆除take care of 照顾take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事take . for granted 认为是理所当然的即时练1写出下列句中take up的含义After he retired from office, Royers took up painting for a while, but soon lost intere

27、st._Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？_We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all taken up._She took up the story where Tim had left off._答案：开始从事接受占用继续用take相关短语的适当形式填空Gazing up into his eyes, she seemed to _ all that he said.I know how busy you

28、 must be and naturally I dont want to _ too much of your time.A British newspaper says British Airways plans to _ Trans World Airlines.Internet shopping will really _ when people make sure that it is safe.答案：take intake uptake overtake off2lose sight of 看不见教材原句However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when

29、 we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.(P18)但是，当我们到达一个看上去像是大市场的地方时，由于太多车辆朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。come into sight 进入视野catch sight of 看见lose ones sight 失明at first sight 乍一看at the sight of 一看到out of sight 在视野外；看不见in/within sight 在视野内；看得见即时练2用sight相

30、关短语的适当形式填空_ the snake, the girl drew back.The top of the church was _ and we knew we only had another few miles to go.Standing at the top of the hill, you can _ the whole city.The car being _， Jenny was still standing at the door, gazing towards the end of the road.答案：At the sight ofwithin/in sightc

31、atch sight ofout of sight3speed up 加速教材原句When we wanted the hovering carriage to speed up, we pressed down hard on the driving pedal and bent over in the direction we wanted to go.(P20)当我们想让气垫车加速时，我们就用力踏驱动踏板，并且向想去的方向俯身。speed by (时间)飞逝at a speed of . 以的速度at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速度with (al

32、l) speed 快速地pick up speed 加速reduce speed 减速即时练3用speed相关短语的适当形式填空The police car is running _ 100 miles per hour to chase after the truck ahead of it.When were travelling _， the passing countryside just seems a blur (模糊不清)The rise in the cost of living has been _ in recent years.The weeks _ and soon i

33、t was time to go back to school.答案：at a speed ofat high speed/with (all) speedspeeding upsped by1Exhausted,_I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.(P18)翻译我感到累极了，爬到床上很快就睡着了。exhausted为形容词化的分词在句中作原因状语，相当于as I was exhausted。形容词(短语)或形容词化的分词在句中除充当原因状语外，还可充当时间、条件、伴随、方式、让步状语等。即时练1单句语法填空After his journey from

34、abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _ (exhaust)The boy lay on the sofa, _ (relax)答案：exhaustedrelaxed单句写作他饥寒交迫地在风雪中度过了七天。He spent seven days in the wind and snow, _.因严重受伤，其中有些乘客被立刻送到了最近的医院。_， some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once.克鲁索盯着脚印，心里充满了恐惧。Crusoe stared at the footpr

35、int, _.即使残疾了，但是未被打败，他仍在我之上。_， he was still ahead of me.答案：cold and hungrySeriously injuredfull of fearDisabled but not defeated单句写作句式升级由于太紧张，考试刚开始时我什么也想不起来。但我没有着急，而是努力使自己平静下来。a普通表达：I _. I couldnt think of anything at the beginning of the exam. However, I didnt worry but tried to calm myself down.b高级

36、表达：_， I couldnt think of anything at the beginning of the exam. However, I didnt worry but tried to calm myself down.(形容词作状语)答案：a.was too nervousbToo nervous2Inside was an exhibition of the most uptodate inventions of the 31st century.(P22)翻译太空站里展出了31世纪一些最前沿的发明。out, in, into, down, up, away, now, th

37、en, here, there等表示方位和时间的副词或表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子的主谓部分用完全倒装。当主语为代词时不倒装。即时练2单句写作然后年底最终的颁奖仪式随之而来。_ the final awards ceremony at the end of the year.在教室的后面坐着一位老人。In the back of the classroom _.下雨了，伞都撑起来了。_ the rain and _ the umbrellas.这是我给你的提示。_ my tips for you.答案：Then camesits an old manDown came; u

38、p wentHere are过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等，此时相当于一个状语从句。1时间状语When he was told his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.Told his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.当李雷被告诉他妈妈生病了，他匆忙地回家了。2原因状语As they were encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the

39、struggle.Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到这次演讲的鼓舞，年轻人下定决心开始斗争。3条件状语If he is given another chance, he will do better.Given another chance, he will do better.再给一次机会，他会做得更好。4让步状语Although he was laughed at by many people, he continued his study.Lau

40、ghed at by many people, he continued his study.尽管他被许多人嘲笑，但是他继续他的研究。5方式或伴随状语She walked out of the house and she was followed by her little daughter.She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.她走出这个房子，后面跟着她的小女儿。分词作状语有时可在前面加上when, while, if, once, though, unless等连词，以明确作何种状语。Unless he i

41、s invited, he wont go to the party.Unless invited, he wont go to the party.除非被邀请，否则他不会去参加聚会。当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，分词可以有自己独立的主语，构成独立主格结构。When our homework was finished, we went home.Our homework finished, we went home.作业完成后，我们就回家了。即时练.单句语法填空1_ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard

42、road to becoming a football star.答案：Raised2Though badly _ (hurt) and shaken, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.答案：hurt3There are some health problems that, when not _ (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on.答案：treated4The problem _ (settle),

43、 the meeting came to an end.答案：settled.单句改错1Clearly and thoughtfully writing, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers._答案：writingwritten2Absorbing in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching._答案：AbsorbingAbsorbed3Seeing from the top of the hill, the city wa

44、s extremely beautiful._答案：SeeingSeen4Once was educated by me, she would be an upper class lady._答案：去掉was基础达标演练.单句语法填空1The _ (impress) he made on me was that he was no more than a reserved young man.答案：impression2When _ (press) by reporters, he refused to confirm whether he believed they would all be

45、 able to return.答案：pressed3Many language teachers try to use movies to stimulate students _ (motivate) for language learning.答案：motivation4I stepped back, _ (instant) realizing it was one of the many factory robots.答案：instantly5As far as I know, our English teacher as well as other teachers never to

46、lerates _ (cheat) in the exams.答案：cheating6The dustman had been sweeping _ all the fallen leaves on this street from 6 to 8 that morning.答案：up7_ (guide) by the sun, they walked towards their destination through the woods.答案：Guided8Wed better speed _ if we want to be there on time.答案：up9Before joinin

47、g NBA, Jordan was even removed from the high school basketball team _ lack of skill.答案：for10He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.答案：where.单句改错1We are reliably informed that David has been back to his feet and next week he will go home from hospital._答案：toon2Sofia looked

48、 around at all the faces: she had the impression she had seen most of the guests before._答案：impression后加that3We had better set up a system which we can work efficiently and equally._答案：which前加in或whichwhere4Worrying about her daughter, the mother came to see her yesterday._答案：WorryingWorried5If I eve

49、r lose my faith in you, thered be nothing leaving for me to do._答案：leavingleft.教材微写作A根据提示完成句子1随着科技的发展，我对未来的生活持乐观态度。(optimistic)_答案：With the development of science and technology, I am optimistic about life in the future.2我们生活的环境将更舒适、美丽。(surroundings)_答案：The surroundings where we live will be more co

50、mfortable and beautiful.3太阳能、风能将会被充分利用，海水也会转变成能源，人们再也不用担心缺乏能源。(lack)_答案：People will not worry about lack of energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of and sea water will be switched into energy as well.4我们不但被提供丰富的衣食，而且我们可以花费更多的时间周游世界。(provide)_答案：Not only

51、will we be provided with enough food and clothing, but we can also spend more time travelling around the world.5正是因为工作效率更高了，我们在工作学习上的压力将会更小。(efficiently)_答案：It is because we can work more efficiently that we will have less stress either from our study or work.B将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：With the deve

52、lopment of science and technology, I am optimistic about life in the future. By that time, the surroundings where we live will be more comfortable and beautiful. People will not worry about lack of energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of and sea water will be switched into energy as well.Not only will we be provided with enough food and clothing, but we can also spend more time travelling around the world. Furthermore, it is because we can work more efficiently that we will have less stress either from our study or work.