中考英语短文填空技巧点拨.docx

1、短文填空技巧点拨一、题型概述短文填空相当于完形填空的一种变形，即将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出，要求考生在每个空格中填上一个词，使短文意思完整。该题型是对考生综合能力的考查，包括阅读理解能力、基础语法能力、单词拼写能力和语言表达能力等。根据近几年的中考题可发现，短文填空的文章主要以记叙文和议论文为主，一般设10-12个空，每空一词。所填单词也多以实词为主，兼顾其它词性。中考短文填空主要有以下五种形式：1.选词或词组填空；2.根据首字母填词；3.用所给单词的正确形式填空；4.根据汉语提示填词；5.根据上下文填词。二、题型考查点1. 考查词性、词形的转换。这一考点通常占较大比重，集中在考查动词的时态及

2、语态、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、名词的单复数等知识点。因此，这就要求考生首先要理解短文的主旨大意，弄清语法、句子的结构等问题。2. 考查固定搭配。对于这类题目，我们平时要注重固定搭配的积累，比如习惯用语中的介词、固定句法中的连词等。3. 考查关联词。关联词连接两个或更多的分句，反映了句子之间的关系。它们在句中虽不是主要成分，但起着衔接和连贯的作用。关联词的选择主要取决于考生对上下文的理解。4. 考查推断能力。该考点侧重考查考生对整个篇章的把控能力，能根据已有的信息进行适当的推断，做出正确的判断。三、解题步骤1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。在做题时，要跳过空缺处，快速阅读全文，注意找出关

3、键词，从整体上把握全文大意。要注重对短文首句的理解，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测文章主题。 如果是选词填空题型，先浏览所给单词或短语，弄清楚所给单词的词性、意思。2. 精心解题，确定语义，边读边做。认真复读短文，确定空格处所需词语的意义；再根据空格在句中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性；然后再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。做题时，要先易后难，首先选出那些根据上下文能确定的答案，比如固定词组、句型或常见的语法结构等。对于一时把握不准的空格，可以暂时先放一放，把容易做的先做好。把所有能够确定的空格填完后，再通读全文，利用排除法等来确定把握不准

4、的空格。答题过程中不要把注意力只集中在空白处，而忽略其与全句、全文的关系，适合单句的选择未必适合全文。所以，要注意单句与中心思想的关系，围绕中心思想确定答案。3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。细读一遍完成的短文，从上下文内容是否协调一致、语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。检查时，可以注意下面几点：若空格内填的是动词，要注意考虑其时态和语态；若填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑比较等级、形容词和副词之间的转换等；若填的是代词，要注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词、反身代词等；有时需要填介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，

5、还要考虑和其它词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。如需填词，在句首时，还要考虑其首字母的大写。短文填空题融合了阅读理解、完形填空等题型的要求，因此，要求考生从多方面着手，加强平时的积累，做这类题目才能游刃有余。短文填空真题解析2022 湖北武汉先阅读短文，再在其后空白处写出各单词的正确形式。单词的第一个字母已给出。Maria Vas and her dog walked down the hall of the nursing home and stopped in front of the old lady with a nurse at her side. “Would she like to 1.

6、 s_ my dog?” Maria asked.“No, a visit wont 2. h_ her,” said the nurse. Then she 3. e_ that the lady was too sick to appreciate visitors.But Maria decided to try anyway. She had done research on animal assisting therapy (辅助疗法) for 10 years. And she was very successful in this 4. a_. Shed seen even th

7、e sickest patients enjoy a visit from a lovely dog.Maria carried the dog over to the old lady. Immediately, the woman 5. r_ out toward the dog! She was so 6. p_ that she began smiling and trying to talk. The nurse stood aside, 7. w_ them in amazement. This woman had never communicated with anyone. I

8、t was like she wasnt even 8. a_ until the dog came to visit.Around the world sick adults and 9. c_ fill lonely hospital rooms. They may have an illness or need to be 10. c_ for. A dogs friendly eyes and warm paws (爪子) may be just what the doctor ordered to encourage them and help them heal (治愈).【解析】

9、这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。在养老院，一位久不开口的老年病人，在看到一只狗狗后，逗狗狗玩，开始说话。通过这件事，主要讲述了动物疗法有助于病人康复的主题。本文是给出首字母的短文填空。1. see。问句里的填词，需要联系答句来确定答案。从答句No, a visit 可知，此处意思是“看看小狗”，故填see。2. help。从后面这句the lady was too sick to appreciate visitors可知，此处表达的是“这位老人病情严重，很多疗法对她都不起效”，故此处填help。3. explained。联系上文可知，“护士向Maria Vas解释为什么任何拜访对老人都没有用”，故此

10、处填explained。4. area。上文讲到“Maria Vas研究动物辅助疗法10年，在这个领域很成功”，常用field, area表示“领域”，根据所给首字母，故此处填area。5. reached。通过本句后面的感叹号，还有后一句的she began smiling and trying to talk.可知，狗狗对这位老人是有帮助的。此处表达的是“老人把手伸向狗狗”，reach out固定搭配，意思是“把手伸向”，故填reach。6. pleased。联系下文可知，此处表达“开心、高兴”之意，happy可能是我们常想到的，但首字母是p, 故此处填pleased。7. watchin

11、g。此处表达“护士很惊讶地看着这一幕”，这句话中已经有谓语动词stood, 可知此处要用非谓语动词，表示伴随的情况，故填watching。8. alive。联系上文可知，“这位老人从来没有开口跟任何人交流过”，直到看到狗狗，她的状况才有所改善。此处表达的意思是“(她的状况使得)她好像不是活着的”，故填alive。9. children。和adults对应的是children, 故填children。10. cared。联系上文可知，此处表达“这些病人或者是患了某种病，或者是需要关爱”，应该是“被别人关爱”，用过去分词表示被动，即cared。短文填空模拟训练Passage 1: 阅读下面的短文，

12、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。A lie is saying something that you know is not true. Sometimes people lie because they are embarrassed (尴尬的) to tell the 1. _ (true). Other times, people lie because they are trying to trick (欺骗) someone.Almost everyone has told a lie in their life. Just because you have lied, it does

13、 not mean you are a terrible person. People have many different 2. _ (reason) for lying. Some people lie to make 3. _ (them) look better. Sometimes when some students get a bad grade on a test, they might lie to their 4. _ (parent) and tell them that they got an A. A boy who does not want to share h

14、is candy might lie by 5. _ (tell) his friends he has no more candy.But have you thought of the 6. _ (result) of telling lies? Lies damage (毁坏) trust. It is one of the most 7. _ (special) things you can have with other people. When you trust someone, you know he or she will not 8. _ (hurt) you or lie

15、 to you. But when a person lies to someone who trusts him or her, the trust is damaged.If your best friend told you a lie, how would you feel about him or her? You might 9. _ (stop) trusting your friend. Then it might be hard to be friends.The worst part about telling a lie is that it can make you f

16、eel bad about yourself. Lying can hurt you on the inside.Telling the truth can be hard. But being 10. _ (honest) is worth (值得) it, even if you might get punished (惩罚) for it. Youll feel proud that you were brave enough to tell the truth.Passage 2: 阅读下面的短文，根据汉语提示写出所缺英语单词的正确形式。Night after night, she c

17、ame to help me sleep, even long after my childhood years.I dont remember when it first started 1. _ (使烦恼) me my moms hands pushing my hair that way. But it did annoy me, for they 2. _ (感觉) rough (粗糙的) against my young skin. Finally, one night, I 3. _ (大喊) out at her: “Dont do that anymore your hands

18、 are too rough!” She didnt say anything, but she never did it again.Years later, I 4. _ (想念) my mothers hands and her goodnight kiss on my forehead (额头).Im not a little girl anymore. My mom is in her mid-70s, and her rough hands are still doing things for 5. _ (我的) family and me. Shes like a 6. _ (医

19、生) to us, always knowing how to calm a young girls stomach. She 7. _ (烹调) the best fried chicken in the world.Now my own children are grown up. Then a kiss, ever so gently, 8. _ (触碰) my brow (眉毛). It was late on Thanksgiving Eve. As I slept in my bedroom, a familiar hand ran across my face to push t

20、he hair from my head.Taking my moms hand, I told her how sorry I was for that night I shouted at her. But my mom didnt know what I was talking about. She had 9. _ (忘记) it long ago.That night, I fell 10. _ (睡着的) with a new appreciation (感激) for my gentle mother and her caring hands. And the guilt (内疚

21、) that I had carried around for so long was nowhere to be found.Passage 3: 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整（每空限填一词）。An elderly carpenter (木匠) was ready to retire. He told his boss his plans to leave the business and 1. l_ a more relaxed life with his wife. He would miss the pay, but he needed to retire.T

22、he boss was 2. s_ to see his good worker go, and asked if he could 3. b_ just one more house as a personal favor. The carpenter said yes, but it was easy to see that his 4. h_ was not in his work. He used 5. p_ skills and cheap materials (材料). It was an unfortunate way to end his career.“This is you

23、r house,” he said. “It is my 6. g_ to you.” When the carpenter 7. f_ his work, the boss came to see the house. After he checked it out, he handed a key to the carpenter.What a shame! If he knew he was building his own house, the old man would have done it 8. d_. So it is with all of us. Think of you

24、r life as a house. Each day you hammer a nail (钉个钉子), place a board, or set up a wall, you must try your 9. b_ to build the house wisely because it is the 10. o_ life you will ever have. Your life tomorrow will result from the attitude you choose today.Passage 4: 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文意思通顺、连贯（每个词限用一次）。

25、begin, cross, wait, busy, peaceful, stop, quiet, sudden, yellow, watchOn an afternoon in autumn, many people drove home early to avoid the busy traffic. However, at the busiest crossing in the city, they 1. _, even though the light was green.The blind couple was 2. _ the road. The bamboo poles (竹竿)

26、were tapping (轻敲) at the road. They didnt know it was the 3. _ crossing in the city. And they didnt know that their light was red. At the end of an old 4. _ bamboo pole was a blind man, and at the end of another pole was a blind woman. They looked poor.For a second, while the blind couple was walkin

27、g on the road, the whole busy street was5. _. A car 6. _ stopped short. It was only about half a meter away from the couple. Then, another car stopped. One after another, cars 7. _ to stop, but no one honked their horn (按喇叭) at the couple.The couple was walking 8. _. They didnt know the world was qu

28、ietly 9. _ them crossing the busiest crossing in the city. They didnt know the world was 10. _ for them. And they didnt know they had a lot of people to thank.On that afternoon, the whole world cleared the way for two people in need.Passage 5: 根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文意思完整、通顺。There once was a man

29、 who played the piano in a bar. He was a good piano 1. _. People came out just to hear him play. But one night, a customer told him he didnt want to hear him just play anymore. He 2. _ him to sing a song.“I dont sing,” the man said. The customer said to the boss: “Im 3. _ of just listening to the pi

30、ano. I want that guy to sing!”“Hey buddy!” the boss 4. _ across the room.“If you want to get 5. _, sing a song! The customers are asking you to sing!”So he did. He sang a song. A piano player who never sang in 6. _ did so for the very first time. Whats more, Nat King Cole sang the song in a very 7.

31、_ way. That was the first time the song, Mona Lisa, ever sounded like that.He was so 8. _! He could have lived the rest of his life as a no-name piano player in a no-name bar. But because that man made him sing, he went on to become one of the best-known9. _ in America.You, too, have 10. _ and abili

32、ties. You may not feel as if your talent is great, but it may be bigger than you think!参考答案短文填空模拟训练【Passage 1】1. truth 2. reasons 3. themselves 4. parents 5. telling6. results7. special 8. hurt 9. stop 10. honest【Passage 2】1. annoying / to annoy 2. felt 3. shouted4. missed5. my6. doctor7. cooks 8. t

33、ouched9. forgotten10. asleep【Passage 3】1. live / lead2. sorry 3. build 4. heart5. poor6. gift 7. finished8. differently 9. best 10. only【Passage 4】1. stopped 2. crossing 3. busiest4. yellow 5. quiet6. suddenly7. began 8. peacefully9. watching 10. waiting【Passage 5】1. player 2. wanted/asked3. tired/bored 4. shouted5. paid6. public 7. special/different8. talented9. singers10. skills/talents5