中考英语第二部分三说明文.docx

1、说明文 说明文是中考书面表达题中常见的写作形式。在初中阶段，说明文主要要求学生将活动、人物、地点等要素进行清楚的描述，考察学生的观察能力和将图表或所给提示词转化为完整文字信息的能力。要写出一篇合乎要求的说明文，应注意以下几点：一审 要想做到文章切题、要点齐全，审题至关重要。下笔之前要将所给的材料看清楚，读懂材料所要表达的内容或情景。二定 一定要点：根据所给材料要点，定出中心句。注意适当发挥，避免逐字逐句翻译。二定方法：常用的说明方法有举例法、过程分析法、分类法、因果分析法、比较法、细节法等。要根据说明的对象、目的来选择最佳说明方法。 三理 理顺各中心句之间的关系，排列好各中心句的顺序。说明文常

2、用的结构安排顺序有以下三种：时间顺序、空间顾序和逻辑顺序。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚，脉络明晰。四查 查写作要点，查段落层次，查时态语态，查用词、拼写、标点等。通过检查，可以避免一些不必要的错误，使文章趋于完美。第一节 人物说明文 写作要求人物说明文一般包括人物的出生年月、主要经历、事迹成就、影响和评价等。首先要全面了解这个人，然后根据需要选取写作素材，简明扼要而突出重点地去介绍，力求真实准确，恰如其分。人物介绍一般都是从外形到性格，或从一般经历到创造性的贡献，在最后常有结论性的评语。写人物说明文一般包括以下几点： 1、出生年月 2、主要经历 3、事迹成就 4、影响、评价 叙述方法：一般按照时

3、间顺序，从外形到性格，从一般经历到创造性的贡献，最后常有结论性的评语。语言简洁生动：说明文的目的是向读者介绍他们不了解、不熟悉的人物、事理等，因此说明文的语言要浅显、简洁、生动。时态语态：说明文常用一般现在时。如果说明的是人物、事物过去或将来的情况，则要用过去或将来的有关时态。另外，由于说明文重点放在被说明的人物、事物上，故有些说明文被动语态的使用频率相对比较高。 写作摸板介绍人物典型事迹作出评价Can you .? Do you know.?He is called . We all .He often . One day. Not only . but also.引出人物He is . H

4、e was born. He graduated from. He likes. 主题归纳 【常用句型】 1. He/ She is really他/她真的是 2. He/ She looks like他/她看上去像 3. He used to be/ have 他过去常常 4. Her favourite is她最喜欢的是 5. She is good at她擅长 经典题例假如你叫李红，你的英国笔友Mary正在学习汉语。她在给你的来信中介绍了她的汉语老师的情况。请根据以下信息用英语写一封回信，向她介绍你的英语老师Miss White的情况。外貌高挑、苗条(slim)、漂亮国籍美国最喜欢的颜色

5、蓝色个人爱好读书、旅游品质乐于助人取得的成绩去年教学竞赛(teaching competition)，荣获一等奖要求：1.词数80左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。2.所给信息要全部用上，可合理发挥。Dear Mary, Thank you for telling me something about your Chinese teacher. I think you have a good teacher. Now let me tell you something about my English teacher, Miss White. _ Best wishes! Yours Sin

6、cerely, Li Hong 【思路点拨】本文重点在于写人，即要表达出Miss White的爱好、性格、外貌、品质、最喜欢的颜色及国籍等方面的情况。在表达这些时，可用一般现在时来写。而对于所取得的成绩，应用一般过去时表达。另外，在书写时，不能把所给提示内容进行简单地罗列，而应适当地增加细节，使其连贯。 【标准范文】Dear Mary, Thank you for telling me something about your Chinese teacher. I think you have a good teacher. Now let me tell you something abou

7、t my English teacher, Miss White.Miss White is from America. She is tall and slim. And she is very beautiful. She has taught us English for two years. She is always in blue, because blue is her favorite. She likes reading and she also loves traveling when she is free. She is kind and helpful. As a t

8、eacher, she is successful. She teaches so well that she won the first place in the teaching competition last year. All of us like her very much. Best wishes! Yours Sincerely, Li Hong 强化训练 在你成长的过程中父亲应该是你最熟悉的人之一，请你以“我的父亲”为题，写一篇短文，介绍你的父亲。要求：1、短文要重点从外貌特征、兴趣爱好和工作态度等方面展开； 2、字数：100词左右。_How is everything go

9、ing? Id like to introduce my best friend, Li Wei, to you _ 【标准范文】 My Father My father is a handsome man. He is tall and thin. He has big eyes and straight, black hair. He is forty years old but he looks young for his age.My father is an engineer in a big company. He is always busy working late every

10、 day and he often forgets to have meals or to go to bed. So in the company, he is called “workaholic”.My father likes reading in his spare time. And with the help of my father I became interested in reading, too. My father also likes to play basketball and he was on the school basketball team when h

11、e was young. But now he is too busy to play basketball.My rather is my idol and we get on well with each other. June 26th Dear Rita,How is everything going? Id like to introduce my best friend, Li Wei, to you. She is 16 years old. She is a lovely girl with a round face and big eyes. She is very kind

12、 and easy to get along with. She likes reading and music, and she is especially good at playing the piano. Her favourite subjects are physics and chemistry.Now she is going to George Spencer School in England to study for one year. I hope you can be good friends. She is arriving at Heathrow Airport

13、at 2 pm on Aug. 18th.Will you please be kind enough to meet her at the airport? Many thanks. Best wishes.Yours, Zhang Nan第二节 事物说明文 写作要求事物说明文是以介绍事物的形状、构造、性质、变化、类别、状态、功能、成因、结果等方面的特征。说明的目的是给读者提供知识，使之理解客观世界，掌握解决问题的方法。对中学生而言，事物说明文的出题形式为文字、图标、图表、文体则可见于短文、书信、便条、日记等。写说事物明文必须注意事实准确，表达清晰，条理清楚，层次分明，语言简练，用词准确。要

14、写好事物说明文应注意到以下几点：1. 要善于抓住事物的特征介绍事物，一定要抓住事物的特征。所谓特征，就是这一事物区别与其他事物的标志。只有抓住了事物的特征，才能将其状貌、性质、成因、功能和意义等说的明白、清楚。这种写作方法尤其适用于描写大家所熟悉的而又具有新的、与众不同的特征的事物。 注意事项事物说明文的主要特点：一是知识性和科学性，二是应用性和解说性，三是行文的条理性。写这类文章宜少用描写，要用具体翔实的材料说明问题，而不要抽象、空洞的讨论。语言要简洁、准确、条理要清楚。讨论问题是要集中，切忌面面俱到。说明文的时态常用一般现在时，语态常用被动语态，有时用虚拟语气。 写作摸板 _（事物）is

15、/ lies _（地理位置）. It has/ is _（特征）. There are many places of interest here, for example, _（景点介绍）. There are also many _（人们的活动、风俗等）. I hope/ think _（看法和感受）. The table below shows that _（说明问题或现象）. _（数据）percent _（现象一）. _（数据）percent _（现象二）. _（数据）percent _（现象三）. In my opinion _（自己的观点或感受）. 主题归纳 【常用词汇】 1. 表示

16、形状：round, square, long, tall, short, triangular(三角形的) 2. 表示材料：wood, wool, cotton, metal, plastic, gold, sand 3. 表示特点：important, common, sweet, crispy, sour, salty, hard, soft, delicious, nice, fresh, pleasant, popular, 【常用句型】 1. Its 400 meters long/ wide/ high. 它有400米长/宽/高。 2. The ruler is as long a

17、s that one. 这把尺子与那把一样长。 3. Its made of/ from wood. 它是由木材做成的。 4. All that we can do is to . 我们所能做的就是 5. It is quite clear that . 十分清楚的是 6. There are some reasons for . 关于有以下理由。 经典题例（2022福州福建中考）假设英语课上将以“家乡的名胜”为话题展开讨论，请你根据下面表格中的信息，用英语写一篇发言稿，介绍中国十大历史文化名街之一的福州三坊七巷。三坊七巷Three Lanes and Seven Alleys位置：市中心交通

18、：便利特色：老式建筑，明清风格名人故居，保护光好民俗展示，传承文化美食特产，品种丰富感想（写1-2点）要求： 内容完整，意思连贯，语句通顺，书写规范 请不要逐字翻译；词数90左右，不包含已给出的句子的词数。参考词汇：便利的convenient 明清风格 the style of the Ming and Qing Dynasty故居 former home 民俗 folk custom 传承 pass on 特产 special local productThree Lanes and Seven Alleys in Fuzhou is among the top ten historical

19、 and cultural streets of China. _ 强化训练 健康的生活习惯对于成长中的我们非常重要。请以How to keep healthy 为题谈谈你的看法。提示： 1. 饮食健康； 2. 锻炼身体； 3. 良好的生活习惯。 要求：1. 词数80100 词 （标题已给出，不计入总词数）； 2. 字迹工整，语言流畅，表达准确，逻辑清晰； 3. 文章内容课适当发挥。How To Keep Healthy 一批美国朋友来你校（第七中学）参观，请你根据下面的平面图。将你校的布局向客人作个简单的介绍。注意：1. 介绍须包括平面图中的所有内容。2. 介绍要连贯完整。3. 字数：80个

20、字左右。4. 开头已给出（不计人单词的总数）。市区半小时路程实验室第2教学楼第1教学楼办公楼花园 校门操场校办工厂图书馆语音室Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school. Now let me tell you something about our school. _ 【标准范文】How to Keep HealthyAs we all know, it is very important to keep healthy. But do you know how to keep healthy? Firstly, I think we must h

21、ave enough food to keep us healthy. Breakfast is necessary. It gives us energy for morning. We must also have the right kind of food. Remember to eat more fruit and vegetables, but less junk food. Dont forget to wash your hands before meals. Secondly, its necessary for us to take exercise. Exercise

22、will keep us active and strong. Thirdly, I think staying up is bad for our health. If we cant get enough sleep. We may have a headache. We should go to bed early and get up early. Lastly, listen to music or chatting can also make us feel relaxed. 第三节 方式、方法说明文 写作要求 常见的方式、方法说明文有学习方法指导、产品使用说明、操作程序介绍、计划

23、安排等。写这类说明文应把握的要点有：首先，要细致、准确地了解被说明对象的发展变化规律，也就是要准确地把握一个步骤或进程，不跳跃，不遗漏。只有这样，才能写出能够指导我们生活、工作、学习的说明文。其次，要用准确、科学的语言来表达。方式、方法说明文所涉及到的多是操作步骤、使用方法之类内容，所以写作时不要说外行话。再者，内容要点要有详略安排。关键的要点应详写，其余的可以略写。根据说明对象的不同特点来安排详略，不仅能使读者了解其关键所在，还可以避免文章的呆板乏味。 主题归纳 【常用单词】 1. 表示建议：should, had better do, suggest, advice, is a good

24、way 2. 表示步骤：first of all, at last, and then, after that 3. 表示计划：plan, prepare, for/ to do, be going to, will 【常用句型】 1. With the rapidly growing popularity of 随着的快速普及 2. It is quite clear that十分清楚的是 3. There are some reasons for 关于有以下理由。 4. A recent survey suggest that最近的一项调查显示 5. All we can do is to

25、 我们所能做的就是 经典题例暑假将至，同学们就自己暑假生活安排进行了交流。请你用英语向美籍教师Mr. Green介绍有关情况以及自己的暑期计划。内容要点：1、有的同学打算外出旅游，放松一下；2、有的同学计划在家中多读书，为将来的学习做准备；3、有的同学准备参加体育锻炼，保持身体健康；4、谈谈自己的暑期安排。要求：1、不要逐句翻译；2、词数：80左右。_ 【思路点拨】这是一篇写计划安排的说明文。写此类说明文，首先要细致、准确地了解要说明内容，准确地把握每个计划要点，不跳跃，不遗漏。其次要用准确、熟练的语言来表达。再者，内容要点要有详略安排。关键的要点应详写，其余的可以略写。根据计划内容的不同来安

26、排详略，不仅能使读者了解其关键所在，还可以避免文章的呆板乏味。 强化训练 健康的生活习惯对于成长中的我们是非常重要的。你认为健康的生活习惯应当是怎样的呢？请根据下面的信息提示，写一篇短文，首句已给出。信息提示：l、健康饮食；2、早睡早起，不熬夜；3、参加运动，强身健体。要求：根据信息提示，把握要点，适当发挥，不要逐字翻译。词数在80左右。I think healthy habits are very important for us. _ （2022四川眉山）亲爱的同学，你生活中有烦恼，学习有压力吗? 那我们应该如何正确面对烦恼，有效缓解心理压力呢? 请根据提示以“How to solve o

27、ur stress”为题写一篇80词左右的短文，开头已给出，不计入字数；语言表述准确规范，语句通顺连贯；提示内容必须用完。 提示：1. 积极参加体育锻炼，有一个健康的身体. 2. 多与老师、家长和朋友交谈，说出自己的烦恼。 3. 多听听音乐，多看看书。 4. 尽自己最大努力学习，勇敢面对自己的成绩。 5. 如果经常压力太大，可以去看看医生。How to solve our stressWe all have some problems and stress in our lives. How should we solve them?_ 【标准范文】How to solve our stres

28、sWe all have some problems and stress in our lives. How should we solve them?Firstly, we should take more part in exercise. Sports can help us to have a healthier body and study better. Secondly, we need to talk with our teachers, parents and friends, try to tell them our trouble. They may give us some useful advice. Thirdly, we can also listen to music and read books. Its a good way to relax ourselves. Fourthly, we should try our best to study hard and learn to face our grades bravely. Fifthly, if we have too much stress, wed better see a doctor. 13