广东省广州市第二中学2022届高三英语一轮复习5改错share短文改错常见错误类型素材.docx

1、短文改错常见错误类型1.动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有 一般现在时与一般过去时错用 and前后动词时态不一致主谓不一致缺少动词,特别是be动词第三人称单数形式错用;主动语态和被动语态错用。如2022新课标全国卷ISince thenfor all these yearwe had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.答案：had改为have 本句的时间状语是all these years，通常和现在完成进行时连用。所以使用have been doing的形式。如2022新课标全国卷IIMy dream

2、 school starts at 8:30 am and ends at 3:30 pm. There are three lesson in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didnt need to do so many homework.答案：didnt改为dont 本文叙述“我”的梦想学校的情况。根据文章第一句My dream school starts at 8:30 am可知本文基本时态是一般现在时。如2022新课标全国卷IIWe can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lak

3、e listening music.答案：sat改为sit 本句中的or表示选择关系，也是一个并列连词，所以与前面的lie同样都使用动词原形。如2022四川卷Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.答案: go改为goes。本句的主语a fire alarm为单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式goes。如2022辽宁卷The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with

4、the baby.答案: have改为has。本句的主语是单个的动名词短语the early morning barking，做主语时，谓语动词要使用单数形式。2. 名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。如2022新课标全国卷ISince thenfor all these yearwe had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.答案：year改为years。本句前面的指示代词these修饰可数名词复数形式，所以使用名词years。如新课标全国卷IIFor example, we can do rea

5、ding for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.答案：hour改为hours。根据one and a half hours一个半小时。如2022四川卷Stay close to your teacher and classmate.答案: classmate改为classmates。此处表达同班同学应为复数形式，因为同伴同学应该有多人，而不会只是一个。3. 连词错误连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等。关于连词，一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/

6、why/when/where/if/whether等。如2022新课标全国卷IAlthough we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.答案：去掉but或butyet。连词although不能和but连用。可以把but改为副词yet。如2022四川卷If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teache

7、r immediately.答案: 去掉when。根据句意，如果你注意到有人失踪或受伤，可知此处是that引导的宾语从句表陈述，故when多余。答案: and改为or。根据句意“有人不见或者受伤”可知Or表示的是选择的关系。4. 冠词错误：误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词).如新课标全国卷IAs result, the plants are growing somewhere.答案：result前加a 考查固定搭配，as a result结果是。如新课标全国卷IIThere are all kinds of the flo

8、wers and trees around the classroom buildings. 答案：去掉第一个the 可数名词复数形式表示一类事物，不用定冠词。如 2022四川卷If its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead you back to the classroom.答案: a改为the。当文章中第二次提到前面的某一名词时，需使用the表示特指。如2022辽宁卷Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.答案: bark后面的a改为

9、an。名词average是以元音开始的单词，所以使用an修饰average of。5. 形容词和副词错误：系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。如新课标全国卷IThe fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.答案: taste改为tasty 本句中的形容词juicy和前面的small一样，和系动词are构成系表结构。由and可知用tasty。We are growing wonderfully tomatoes

10、at no cost!答案: wonderfully改为wonderful 本句中使用形容词wonderful做定语来修饰后面的名词tomatoes。 如新课标全国卷IIThe teachers here are kind and helpfully.答案: helpfullyhelpful 本句中的形容词helpful与前面的kind都是形容词在句中做表语。如2022四川卷Dont panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly.答案: calm改为calmly 。此句remain为系动词，后接形容词作表语构成系表结构

11、。6. 代词错误：代词的主格和宾格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。如2022四川卷If its the false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.答案: us改为you 。根据句子的主语your teacher可知你的老师会带你们回

12、教室。如2022辽宁卷We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter.答案: our改为your。句义：我们很欣赏你的歉意。根据后面的you可知对方是来道歉的。如2022陕西卷Neither of the arrows hit the target.答案: Neither改为none。代词neither表示两者都不；而本句中没有提及两者，应该是有很多的鸟。故使用none表示三者或者三者以上的全部否定。7. 非谓语动词的常

13、见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。如2022四川卷Dont panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calm.答案: trying改为try。此处为祈使句，因为连词and连接的是两个同样性质的内容，前面是一个祈使句Dont panic or get out of line，后面也应该是一个祈使句。故使用try，而不是trying。如2022辽宁卷It is difficult to understandi

14、ng why she barks every minute shes outside.答案: understanding改为understand。本句中的it是一个形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构to understand why.；不定式结构中to后面要接动词原形。8. 介词错误：词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用.如新课标全国卷INearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes in our back garden.

15、 答案：by改为of with the help of在的帮助下。如新课标全国卷IITherefore, we have more time with after-school activities. 答案：with改为for 本句中的介词for表示目的。句意：我们有更多的时间来进行课外活动。如2022四川卷Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm goes off.答案: with改为about 固定搭配talk about something谈论关于某事。If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.答案:wait后加for。此处wait为不及物动词，后接宾语时需加上介词for，构成wait for等待。如2022辽宁卷Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors, were hoping to settle something that bothers to us.答案:去掉us前面的to。动词bother困扰，麻烦；这是一个及物动词，后面直接加宾语，不需要使用介词to。4