新教材2020-2021学年英语外研版选择性必修第四册教用文档：UNIT 2 LESSONS IN LIFE 突破语法大冲关 WORD版含解析.doc

1、被动语态被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身时也常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。观察例句1My washing machine is being repaired this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.2I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carried out in the past two years.3When fat and salt a

2、re removed from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.4The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.5Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers，with all the s

3、moke and noise.归纳用法一、被动语态的构成：be 过去分词各种时态的被动语态形式(以do 为例)现在过去将来过去将来一般式am/is/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould/shouldbe done进行式am/is/are being donewas/werebeing done完成式have/has been doneHad been donewill/shall have been donewould/should have been done二、使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题1主动变为被动时，宾语成了主语 ，(作补语的)不

4、定式前需加to(位置不变)。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss)2主动变为被动时，可将双宾语中的任何一个作为主语。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.I was given an interesting book(by my friend)on my birthday.3短语

5、动词变被动语态时，不要掉“尾巴”(即不要丢掉后面的介词或副词)。The children were taken good care of(by her)Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.4情态动词，be going to，be to，be sure to，have to等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be过去分词”。We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.5当句子的谓语为say，

6、believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等时，被动语态有两种形式：(1)谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主语补足语。(2)用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。People say he is a smart boy.He is said to be a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.It is know

7、n that paper was made in China first.特别提醒1不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last，hold，contain，fit，cost等。(2)表示归属的动词或短语，如have，belong to等。(3)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。(4)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(5)宾语是同源宾语、动词不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。2主动形式表示被动意义(1)当连系动词feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词

8、时；当cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作为不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。The flowers smell sweet.花儿散发着芳香。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料容易洗。(2)break out，shut off，take place，turn off，work out等短语表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The lamps on the wall turned off.墙上的灯熄灭了。即学即练翻译/单句语法填空这道菜尝起来味道很美。This dish

9、 tastes delicious.The song which is being sung(sing)on the stage now was just written by Albert，for whom being a famous musician is his forever dream.It is reported (report)that many people die of traffic accidents each year.According to the result of the inspection，they found that the insect contai

10、ns a powerful drug，so local farmers were employed (employ)to catch the insects.At the end of December，the librarys old and classic books will be put(put)online too，bringing borrowers a lot of convenience.Facial recognition technology has been extended(extend)into many areas of school life so far.单句语

11、法填空1During the 30 days before he was put to death，his friends and pupils were allowed(allow)to visit him in his prison.2All the kids will fit(fit) in the back of the car.3When we got to the spot，the injured had been sent(send)to the hospital.4Weve got to remember this group wants to look at how the

12、Internet is being used/is used(use)in the classroom.5In US high school，everything is recorded(record)and graded，including your grades on quizzes，tests and final examinations.6The workers were made to work(work)ten hours a day.7I have been told(tell)that one more volunteer will be needed this year an

13、d I think you are suitable for the job.8Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out (run out)We must act immediately before there is none left.9Mary went to the box office at lunch time，but all the tickets had sold(sell)out.10The palace caught fire three times last century，and little of

14、the original building remains (remain)now.短文语法填空It is tough for any basketball player to get to the major leagues，but Jim Abbott had an extra obstacle that should 1.be overcome(overcome)He might have been an average person if he 2.had been born(born)with a right hand.When Abbott was young，other chil

15、dren 3.were teasing(tease)him constantly.This didnt stop Abbott.He loved sports，and he practiced constantly.In high school Abbott 4.joined(join)the school basketball team and became a pitcher(投手)for the team.Later he 5.attended(attend)University of Michigan on a basketball scholarship.In 1987 Abbott

16、 6.was named (name)Americans top amateur athlete，and in 1988 he pitched his way to a gold medal in the Olympics.But Abbott didnt think he 7. was finished(finish)yet.Abbott went straight to the majors.He pitched for the California Angels and later for the New York Yankees.How did Abbott accomplish al

17、l this with just one hand？This is what fans often asked.Jim Abbott 8. was seen(see)a lefthanded pitcher，not as a onehanded pitcher.He once said that he didnt grow up thinking about not having a right hand.When asked to explain how he 9.had made(make)it to the top，Abbott said “If I had not worked very hard，I 10.would be (be) a failure now.The only thing that could stop me was myself.”