新教材2021-2022外研版英语选择性必修第一册学案：UNIT 5 REVEALING NATURE SECTION Ⅲ DEVELOPING IDEAS WORD版含答案.doc

1、Section_Developing_ideasThe Secret Language of Plants Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends.Many cultures have stories of talking trees 1that give advice as well as warnings to people.Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.And in some m

2、odern stories，such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with animals and people.1that引导定语从句，修饰先行词talking trees。2With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy， new research has revealed something amazing：3it appears that plants can communicate after all.2with复合结构(with代词doing)作状语。3it app

3、ears that . 似乎，it作形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的从句。4It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects.The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves 5that are being eaten.This is like a wa

4、rning, or a call for help：“Im being attacked！” When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects away.Others attract insects the wasps！ The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean

5、plants.Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system，6so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.4it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。5that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the leaves。6so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”。More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate.People cant hear these sounds, but plan

6、ts are making them.Some plants make noises with their roots.Corn and chilli plants do this.They also “listen” to the noises from other plants.A chilli plant can tell 7if a neighbouring plant is helpful，or unfriendly.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，8indicating drought i

7、s arriving.7if引导宾语从句，作tell的宾语。8indicating .为现在分词短语作伴随状语。Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication 9that can link nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use.10While the Internet is a wo

8、rldwide network of computers 11linked by cables and satellites, the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi.This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other.12Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other.For example, some pine trees ca

9、n send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow.But just like our own Internet, the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime”Plants can steal food from each other, or spread poisons to attack other plants.Perhaps one day scientists will learn 13how to create a “firewall” to help prevent

10、these attacks within the wood wide web.9that引导定语从句，修饰先行词communication。10While在此是并列连词，表示对比，意为“(对比两件事物)而，然而”。11linked by .为过去分词短语作定语，修饰名词computers。12Using the wood .为现在分词短语作伴随状语。13“疑问词不定式”结构作learn的宾语。Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways 14in which plants talk to each other.Who

11、knows? Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.14in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词ways。myth n(古代的)神话legend n传说，传奇(故事)as well as 也；又(连接并列结构)communicate with sb.与某人交流communicate sth.to sb.向某人传达(思想和感情)fantasy n幻想after all 毕竟；终究tiny amounts of 微量的detect v发

12、现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)drive .away 把赶走wasp n黄蜂pesticide n杀虫剂，农药root n根chilli n辣椒indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示link v把联系起来；连接be similar to 与相似cable n电缆fungus n真菌(复数fungi)fungal adj.真菌的version n说法，描述；版本cybercrime n网络犯罪firewall n防火墙参考译文植物密语会说话的植物一直是神话传说中的一大元素。在许多种文化中流传下来的故事里，会说话的树给予人们忠告和警示。据说亚历山大大帝和马可波罗曾在印度见过一棵会说话的树

13、。在一些现代故事例如电影阿凡达中，树可以与人类和动物沟通交流。我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质进行交流。当一株植物比如豆科植物被昆虫袭击时，就会发生这种情况。正遭受啃食的叶子会释放出微量的化学物质，这像是警示，抑或求救：“我被攻击了！”当另一株豆类植物察觉到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时，它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质，其中一些能驱赶昆虫，而另一些则会吸引另一种昆虫黄蜂！黄蜂会杀死那些啃食豆类植物的昆虫。科学家希望能进一步了解这种植物警报系统，从而将其应用于不用使用农药的农作物的种植。更不可思议的是，植

14、物也能用声音交流。虽然人类听不到，但植物确实正在发出声音。有些植物通过根部发出声响，比如玉米和辣椒。它们还能“听见”其他植物发出的声响。由此，辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敌是友。还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起森林中所有的植物。科学家们称之为“植物万维网”。在某种程度上，它很像人类使用的互联网。互联网是通过电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网则是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。这个真菌网络将不同植物的根彼此连接，通过它，植物可以互相分享信息甚至是食物。比如，某些松树会通过真菌网络向松树幼苗输送养分，帮助它们生

15、长。但是，像互联网一样，植物万维网也会发生“网络犯罪”。植物会偷取同伴的养分，或散播有毒物质攻击其他植物。也许未来某一天，科学家会研究出建造“防火墙”的方法来阻止植物万维网中的这些攻击。科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。谁知道呢？说不定哪一天，我们就能足够了解植物沟通的知识，从而亲自和植物“聊天”了。Step One：Prereading Look at the three pictures on Page 56 in the textbook and answer the following question.What do they have in common?All

16、_of_them_are_unique_plants_that_exist_in_nature.Step Two：Whilereading.Read for the main ideaMatch the main idea with each paragraph.Para.1APlants use chemicals to communicate with each other.Para.2 BPlants use sound to communicate.Para.3 CTalking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends.Pa

17、ra.4 DNew research has showed that plants can communicate.Para.5 EMaybe one day well be able to “talk” with plants.Para.6 FPlants use “wood wide web” to communicate.答案：Paras. 16CDABFE.Read for detailsRead the passage carefully and choose the best answers.1What can we learn from Paragraph 3?APlants c

18、an release chemicals from the roots.BPlants can release chemicals when attacked.CChemicals from some plants destroy the other plants.DScientists find the method of growing crops without pesticides.2How many ways that plants communicate are talked about in the passage?A1B2C3 D43Which of the following

19、 shows the structure of the passage?Paragraph 1Paragraph 2Paragraph 3Paragraph 4Paragraph 5Paragraph 6A/ B/C/ D/4What is the main purpose of this passage?ATo encourage people to study plants.BTo introduce ways of communication between plants.CTo argue why plants are able to communicate.DTo tell us s

20、ome myths about talking plants.答案：14BCBBStep Three：Postreading阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Modern research is showing that plants can communicate 1.with each other.It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.The plant releases chemicals from the leave

21、s that 2.are_being_eaten (eat)This is like a warning，or a call for help：“Im being attacked！” When another plant detects the chemicals，it starts to release its own，different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects 3.away.More 4.surprisingly (surprise), plants also use sound to communicate.Som

22、e plants make noises with their roots.A chilli plant can tell 5.if a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, 6.indicating (indicate) drought is arriving.Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of munication (communi

23、cate) that can link nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”This fungal network 8.links (link) the roots of different plants to each other.9.Using (use) the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other.Plants can steal food 10.from e

24、ach other, or spread poisons to attack other plants.Maybe one day we will be able to “talk” with plants ourselves.重点单词1a thing of myths and legends 神话和传说里的事情2grow crops without pesticides 种植不使用农药的作物3make noises with their roots 用它们的根发出声响4link nearly every plant in a forest 把森林里几乎每一种植物联系起来5its own ve

25、rsion of “cybercrime” 自己的“网络犯罪”一说6around 20 centimetres tall 大约20厘米高7Detective (detect) novels used to have a special attraction for me.8In China, “mythical (myth) creatures” is used to describe troublesome schoolchildren whose behaviours drive their parents crazy.9Children use fantasy (fantastic) t

26、o explore worrying aspects of real life.10There have been widely differing versions in the newspapers about the explosion of the chemical (chemistry) works.11The exchange student from Kenya often shares with us the news of his country and that of his neighbouring (neighbour) countries.detect v.发现，察觉

27、(尤指不易觉察到的事物)iondetection (n.发现)invention 发明 prediction 预言instruction 指示 collection 收藏品.重点短语1Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as_well_as (和) warnings to people.2And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate_with (与交流) animals and people.3New re

28、search has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after_all (毕竟；终究；别忘了)4The plant releases tiny_amounts_of (微量的) chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten.5Some of these chemicals drive insects away (把赶走) 6.Some plants make_noises (制造噪音) with their roots.7It is in_so

29、me_ways (在某些方面) similar to the Internet we use.8This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets_attacked (受到攻击) by insects.典型句式1教材原句With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing：it appears that plants can communicate after all.句式分析“with名词/代词doi

30、ng”复合结构佳句仿写With_his_finger_pointing_to the broken window, the teacher asked：“Who did that？”老师用手指着那扇打破了的窗户问：“是谁干的？”2教材原句It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.句式分析it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。佳句仿写It_is_well_known_that_Thomas Edison invented the electric light.众

31、所周知，爱迪生发明了电灯。3教材原句Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system，so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.句式分析so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”。佳句仿写Id like to arrive 20 minutes early so_that_I_can_have_time_for_a_cup_of_tea.我想提前20分钟到，这样我就有时间喝杯茶。4教材原句Some trees make clicking nois

32、es when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving.句式分析现在分词短语作伴随状语佳句仿写Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading_a_book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读着一本书。1(教材P56)The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten.正遭受啃食的叶子会释放出微量的化学物质。tiny amounts of 微量的(1)大/少量的in larg

33、e amounts 大量地(2)amount vi. 合计，共计amount to 合计；共计；等同于(佳句)The food was analyzed and found to contain tiny amounts of poison.对这种食物进行了分析，发现含有微量的毒素。练透单句语法填空An amount of story books has_been_bought (buy) for the children so far.Consumers spending on sportsrelated items amounted to 9.75 billion.写美补全句子Its be

34、st to buy vegetables in_large_amounts because they are cheaper now.最好大量地购买蔬菜，因为现在比较便宜。名师指津an amount (of)，amounts (of)作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词的数常根据amount的单复数而定。2(教材P56)When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals.当另一株豆类植物察觉到附近受

35、伤同伴释放的化学物质时，它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质。detect v发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)；探测(1)detect a lie识破谎言detect a change 发觉转变(2)detective n. 侦探detector n. 检测器；发现者detection n. 侦查；发现(佳句)Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early.如果发现得早，许多癌症都可以治愈。练透单句语法填空An experienced detective (detect) was assigned to the case.If your sm

36、oke detector (detect) is working properly，the red light should be on.Many problems, however, escape detection (detect)写美补全句子Dogs have a far wider hearing range than humans, making_them_able_to_detect_sounds far above a humans hearing limit.狗的听觉范围比人类大得多，使它们能够探测到远远超过人类听力极限的声音。辨析find, detect, discoverf

37、ind指通过主动寻找而重新获得丢失了的东西、原来隐匿的事实或发现新事物，也可指偶然发现原来没有意识到的情况detect指通过详细的调查研究或仔细观察发现某事物的存在或搞清楚某一事实真相，通常指发现不太好或有疑问的事物discover指经过主动的探索、寻找而发现已存在，但不为前人或其他人所知的事物或规律。常用于某一区域或科学的发现选词填空(find, detect, discover)These islands were discovered by a little known navigator.The police came and searched his house but found

38、nothing.Can you detect an escape of gas in this corner of the room?3(教材P56)Some of these chemicals drive insects away.其中一些化学物质能驱赶昆虫。drive .away 把赶走drive sb.crazy/mad把某人逼得发疯/发狂drive sb.to do sth. 迫使某人做某事drive off 驱车离去；驶去drive into 打入；敲进(佳句)After two and a half years，the mother panda drove the young p

39、anda away.两年半后，熊猫妈妈把小熊猫赶跑了。练透单句语法填空Hunger drove her to_steal (steal)The robbers drove off in a stolen vehicle.写美补全句子My deskmate nearly drives_me_crazy.He is always thinking of himself.我的同桌几乎要把我逼疯了。他总是想着他自己。4(教材P56)Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link

40、 nearly every plant in a forest.最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起森林中所有的植物。link v把联系起来；连接link up联合，连接；使结合；使连接link up with 与联合/汇合/碰头link .with/to . 将和联系或连接起来be linked to/with 与有关(佳句)Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped carry the young man out of the water.我和一位教练手挽手，帮着把这个年轻人抬出水面。练透单句语法填空The

41、 local government plans to build a railway to link up the two islands.The new road would be needed to link up with the main road.The Channel Tunnel links Britain with/to the rest of Europe.写美补全句子Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has_been_linked_with/to an increased risk of heart disease.肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式

42、被认为会增加患心脏病的概率。 1句型公式it作形式主语(教材P56) It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质进行交流。本句为主从复合句。句中It为形式主语，that引导的是主语从句。常见的it作形式主语的情况有：(1)it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句，常见的有：Itbe形容词(obvious，possible，strange，natural，important .)that从句；Itbe过去分词(sa

43、id，thought, known, believed, supposed, reported .)that 从句；It 不及物动词(seems, occurs, happens .)that从句；Itbe名词词组(a pity, an honour, no wonder .)that从句。(2)特殊用法在“It is strange/natural/important/necessary/essential .that 从句”结构中，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词为“(should)动词原形”，表示“去做某事”；在“It is suggested/desired/proposed/ rec

44、ommended/ordered .that从句”结构中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。(佳句)It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.很明显，咖啡馆里的经理在等李方离开。练透单句语法填空It is known (know) that the brain shrinks as the body ages，but the effects on mental ability are different from person to perso

45、n.It is thought (think) that theyll be as popular as the Backstreet Boys in the near future.It is suggested (suggest) that we should try not to fall into our native language while having English classes.写美补全句子It_was_a_pity_that_ the weather was so bad.天气这样恶劣，真遗憾。2句型公式so that . 为了，以便(教材P56)Scientists

46、 hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.科学家希望能进一步了解这种植物报警系统，从而将其应用于不用使用农药的农作物的种植。(1)so that. 引导目的状语从句，意为“为了，以便”，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词，从句之前不用逗号；(2)so that. 引导结果状语从句，意为“以至于；结果”，从句中一般不用情态动词，从句前常有逗号。(佳句)Many a

47、thletes take part in the Olympic Games so that they can win glory for their homeland.许多运动员参加奥运会是为了能为祖国赢得荣誉。练透补全句子He phoned me on arrival so_that_I_shouldnt_worry.为了不让我担心，他一到达就给我打了电话。I gave you a map so_that_you_wouldnt_get_lost!为了你不会迷路，我给过你一张地图！写美翻译句子好几个月没有下雨了，以至于土壤都干透了。It_hasnt_rained_for_a_few_months,_so_that_the_soil_dries_out.12