新教材2021-2022学年人教版英语必修第三册学案：UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION 突破 语法大冲关 WORD版含解析.doc

1、不定式作定语和状语不定式由“to动词原形”构成，有时to可以省略，其否定形式是“not to do”。不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态、语态的变化。不定式不能作谓语，但可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语。本单元主要讲述不定式作定语和状语的用法。观察例句1Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.2On 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.

2、3First of all，you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.分析上面的句子：句1和句2中黑体部分是动词不定式用作定语；句3中黑体部分是动词不定式用作状语。归纳用法一、动词不定式用作定语1动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。Let us give him something to eat.让我们给他一些吃的东西。We have much homework to do tonight.今晚我们有很多作业要做。2名词前有first，last，next，only等词以及最高

3、级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。He was the first one to think of the idea.他是第一个想到这个主意的人。3抽象名词attempt，ability，chance，desire，determination，decision，plan，way或不定代词something，nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work.但是詹尼斯阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。4当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。I usually have a lot of m

4、eetings to attend.我通常有很多会议要参加。She is a nice person to work with.她是一个很好的合作伙伴。5当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。We must find a person to do the job.我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。We need someone to go and get a doctor.我们需要有人去请医生。6当名词与定语有同位关系时。We got the order to leave the city.我们接到了离开这个城市的命令。即学即练1单句语法填空The airport to be completed(co

5、mplete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.Do you have anything to do(do)tonight?The best way to improve(improve)your English is to join an English club.二、动词不定式在句中作状语，主要用来修饰动词和形容词，也可用来修饰副词。在句中，不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等，可表示目的、原因及结果等。1目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气，常与in order或so as组成短语。A g

6、roup of young people got together to discuss this question.一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。In order to help him，we would do everything we can.为了帮助他，我们将尽我们所能。名师点津不定式作目的状语(1)不定式作目的状语时，其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。I said that to encourage him.我这么说是为了鼓励他。(2)置于句首时只用to do/in order to do。如用于表示否定，in order或so as不能省略，用in order not to do或s

7、o as not to do形式。I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.我安静地走路，以免打扰婴儿。(3)不定式作目的状语可转换为so that/in order that或so.that.引导的目的状语从句。He worked very hard to pass the exam.He worked so hard that he could pass the exam.He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.他非常努力以便能通过考试。2原因状语，多见于“s

8、b.beadj.to do.”结构句中。I was very sad to hear the news.听到这个消息我很难过。3结果状语，多见于too.to；enough to.；only to do(表示意料之外的结果的发生)；so/such.as to(意为“如此以至于”)结构句中。Im too tired to do well.我太累了做不好。He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。He rushed back，only to find the book missing.他冲了回来，却发现书不见了。She is so proud as to l

9、ook down upon others.她太骄傲了，看不起别人。4独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。Id like to stay healthy，but to be honest，I only eat food that tastes good.我想保持健康，但说实话，我只吃味道好的食物。名师点津现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别(1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didnt fit.她

10、焦急地从包里拿出裙子试穿，结果却发现不合身。(2)现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。His father passed away，leaving him a little money.他父亲去世了，留给他一点钱。即学即练2单句语法填空To work(work)out the difficult maths problem，I have consulted Professor Russell several times.To learn(learn)more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk

11、 music as an elective course.He hurried to the station only to find(find) the train had left.We were astonished to find(find) the temple in its original condition.单句语法填空1Her friends were very surprised to hear(hear) that they had broken up.2To find(find) out more about the computer course，visit this

12、 website.3. He is always the first to come (come) to school.4To tell(tell) the truth, I am not happy at the moment.5Henry was so careless as to make(make) some spelling mistakes.6The animals before the earthquake were too nervous to eat(eat)7Lamb and mother reunited，I turned back to the tractor only

13、 to see(see) it move suddenly away from me.8To help(help) us prepare for the exam，the teacher suggested reading through our notes.9They did all they could to save(save) the child.10I am glad to be working(work) with you now.短文语法填空Recently in the US，more students prefer 1.to leave(leave) the campus a

14、nd study in a foreign country for half 2.or one year.Some people may be 3.frightened(frighten)：communicating in a foreign language，leaving friends and adjusting to a new environment are very difficult for students 4.to study(study) abroad.However，the experience students have abroad is often impossib

15、le to gain at their home universities.“Globally，there is so much 5.to do(do)Im hoping 6.to go(go) somewhere and experience something I wouldnt get at home，”a student who intended 7.to study(study) abroad said.It was said that the increase had something to do with the universities promise that they e

16、ncourage students to study overseas.The universities have been 8.really(real) good about saying that students need 9.to go(go) abroad.For many American students，some of the most important lessons abroad are those 10.experienced(experience) outside the classroom.Students can have deep opinions.Even very small cultural difference can surprise the students.5