新教材2021-2022学年外研版英语选择性必修第三册学案：UNIT 3 WAR AND PEACE 突破 语法大冲关 WORD版含解析.doc

1、主谓一致(一)主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。观察例句The enemy were hiding，ready to attack the Allied soldiers.Your enemy is well trained，well equipped and battlehardened.My family is a happy one.Its my favourite film and my family love watching it，too.The class were very interested in Mr. Zhangs teaching.Pol

2、itics is the study of the ways in which countries are governed.Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers.To be strict with oneself is a good quality of a person.1句中，enemy，family，class等集体名词表示整体时，谓语动词用单数；表示组成集体的成员时，谓语动词用复数。2句中，学科名词politics(政治)等常看作单数概念，谓语动词用单数。3

3、句中，动名词或不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。归纳用法1集体名词作主语时的主谓一致(1)集体名词作主语，如果表示一个整体概念时，谓语动词就用单数形式；如果强调组成集体的个体成员时，谓语动词就用复数形式。常见的这类名词有family，class，team，group，enemy，army，audience, band, club，crowd，staff，committee，company, crew, government, public等。The family has settled in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。My family are having lunch no

4、w.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。The committee consists of 10 members.委员会由十个成员组成。The committee havent reached any agreement.委员们没有达成任何一致意见。(2)个别集体名词，如people，police，cattle等作主语，谓语动词必须用复数形式。The police are investigating the case.警方正在调查这个案件。The cattle are grazing in the field.牛群正在牧场吃草。Many cattle were killed for this.就因为这个原

5、因宰了不少牲畜。即学即练1单句语法填空His family are(be) all important persons.People in this country are(be)really happy.The police were(be)searching for the criminals yesterday afternoon.The audience were(be)clapping for over ten minutes.2单数名词作主语，后面紧跟as well as，rather than, but，except，besides，with，along with，togethe

6、r with，like，including，in addition to，combined with等时，谓语动词用单数形式。The teacher as well as the students is ready to help others.不仅学生们乐于助人，老师也乐于助人。The girl together with some boys has gone to plant trees.那个女孩和一些男孩一起去植树了 。3单复数同形的名词作主语时的主谓一致单复数同形的名词作主语时，根据其意义是单数概念还是复数概念来判断谓语用单数还是用复数。如means方式，方法，sheep羊，deer鹿

7、，works工厂等。Every means has been tried many times.每一种办法都已经试过多次了。All possible means have been tried many times.所有可能的方法都已经试过很多次了。This works was built in 1982.这座工厂是1982年建的。By far，three steel works have been closed down in this city.到目前为止，这个城市已经关闭了三座钢铁厂。4单数概念的复数形式名词作主语时的主谓一致单数概念的复数形式名词(如学科、机构、书名、剧名、国名等)作主

8、语，谓语通常用单数形式。如physics 物理，mathematics/maths 数学，economics 经济学，politics政治学，gymnastics体操，the United States 美国，the United Nations联合国，A Dream in Red Mansions(The Story of the Stone) 红楼梦，Andersons Fairy Tales 安徒生童话集 等。As we know，physics is a fundamental subject in science.我们知道物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科。Mathematics is

9、a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课。The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。The New York Times is widely read in the world.纽约时报在全世界被广泛阅览。即学即练2单句语法填空Each possible means has been tried(try) again and again.The girl thinks politics is(be) much more difficult than physic

10、s.The United Nations reports(report) about half of all people affected or killed by disasters are children.Andersons Fairy Tales is(be) my favourite novel.5“两部分” 概念的物体名词作主语时的主谓一致由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但是如果这些词由单位词(a pair of，a kind of, a suit of，a piece of 等)修饰时，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。这类名词如chopsticks, com

11、passes，glasses, gloves，jeans，pants，scissors，shoes，shorts，socks，trousers等。My trousers are white.我的裤子是白色的。Why are your shoes so dirty?为什么你的鞋子那么脏？A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.一把剪刀放在那个抽屉里。These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.这种眼镜今年夏天很受欢迎。6名词短语(距离、时间、长度、金额等)作主语时的主谓一致当名词短语的中心词为表示距离

12、、时间、长度、金额等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。这类复数名词有miles，dollars，pounds，kilograms，kilometres，centimeters, millimeters，seconds，hours，years等。Five dollars seems a fair price.五美元看起来是一个公道的价格。Two kilometres is not very far for the young man.对那个年轻人来说，两公里不是很远。Five hours is a short time for such a difficult j

13、ob.对于这么难的工作来说，五个小时是很短的时间。即学即练3翻译句子我上周买的太阳镜看起来很酷。The sunglasses I bought last week look very cool.上星期天公共汽车上留下了一副手套。A suit of gloves was left on the bus last Sunday.他们走的最远的距离是两英里。Two miles is as far as they can walk.7more(.)than one./many a.结构作主语时的主谓一致“more than one/many a.单数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数；“more复数名词tha

14、n one” 作主语时，谓语用复数。More than one white rose has bloomed in the garden.花园里开了不止一朵白玫瑰。More white roses than one have bloomed in the garden.花园里开了许多白玫瑰。Many a child was playing there.很多小孩在那儿玩。8“分数/百分数of名词”构成的短语作主语时的主谓一致“分数/百分数of名词” 构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词的数。Two thirds of the students support the plan.

15、三分之二的学生支持这项计划。Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.地球表面的四分之三是海。Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing.公司80%的员工来自北京。即学即练4翻译句子不止一个学生考试未及格。(more than)More than one student has failed the exam.许多孩子都喜欢踢足球。(many a)Many a child likes playing football.这所学校70%的教师是女性。(perc

16、ent)Seventy percent of the teachers in this school are women.用所给动词的适当形式填空1The audience is(be)so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.2Many a parent has(have)had to go through this same painful process.3A group of sheep are(be)eating grass and leaves at the foot of the hill.4Peopl

17、e have shown(show) great love to the victims since the disaster happened.5Eight hours of sleep is(be) enough.6Tom，together with his friends，has(have) gone out to play.7A pair of glasses was(be) lost on the playground yesterday afternoon.8Twenty dollars for the little poor girl was(be) too much then.

18、9This kind of apple tastes(taste) good.Apples of this kind taste(taste) good.10The rich are for the plan，while the poor are against it.(be).短文语法填空LLilyJJamesL: Wow, your new house is so beautiful! And all the rooms are decorated in an elegant style.J: Thank you.You know, it took us nearly five month

19、s to complete the decoration of the house.And all the furniture 1.was selected(select) carefully by my parents.L: Thats great.But why did you paint your walls light blue? Is it a colour that can make you relaxed?J: Im not sure, but my family 2.like(like) the colour, so we painted the walls light blu

20、e.L: No wonder.Your brothers clothing 3.is(be) very up to late.What does he do? Is he a barber?J: No.As a matter of fact, he is a singer and his audience 4.are(be) mainly young people.Last year, my brother was invited to sing a song at our classs New Year Party, and all my class 5.were impressed(impress) by his performance.L: Wow, thats cool.Im looking forward to watching his performance.