新教材2021-2022学年外研版英语选择性必修第三册学案：UNIT 5 LEARNING FROM NATURE 突破 语法大冲关 WORD版含解析.doc

1、非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语观察例句To work means to earn a living.Learning English all by yourself is not so easy.It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.It is fun talking with a foreign teacher.They began to search the room for the thief.Your car needs repairing badly.His hobby is collecting stamps.What

2、 I would suggest is to start work at once.1以上例句中为非谓语动词作主语；为非谓语动词作宾语；为非谓语动词作表语。2例句中非谓语动词作主语，都可用it作形式主语。3例句中主动形式表示被动含义。4例句中动名词作表语表示多次的、经常性的行为，而例句中动词不定式作表语表示一次性行为。归纳用法一、非谓语动词概述动词的非谓语形式是指不能单独作谓语，但仍保留某些谓语特征的动词形式。非谓语形式有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。非谓语形式没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语、状语等。二、非谓语动词的形式非谓语形式主动形式被动形式动词不定式一般式

3、to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing动名词一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done现在分词一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done过去分词done名师点津非谓语的否定形式，是在非谓语的前面加not，如not to do, not doing, not to be done, not having done。三、非谓语动词的句法功能主语宾语表语定语状语补语

4、不定式动名词分词四、非谓语动词的语法功能1非谓语动词作主语(1)动名词和动词不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；动词不定式作主语尤指一次性动作。To wash the curtains is your task today.你今天的任务是洗窗帘。Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火会很危险。(2)动名词和动词不定式作主语，都可用it作形式主语， 经常用于以下句型中：It is/was no use/good/worth doing sth.Itbe名词to do sth.Itbedifficult/easy/imp

5、ortant/impossible/necessary . for sb. to do sth.Itbecareless/clever/foolish/honest/kind/wise .of sb. to do sth.It is important for us to keep the water clean.保持水质清洁对我们来说很重要。It is kind of you to take me to the station. 承蒙送到车站，您真是太好了。2非谓语动词作宾语非谓语中的动词不定式和动名词在句子中可以作宾语。动词不定式作宾语一般表示一次性的动作或将来的动作；动名词作宾语常表示经

6、常性的动作或正在进行的动作。但在很多情况下。两者可以通用，使用时要注意一些特殊的规则。(1)下列动词一般用动词不定式作宾语：decide, determine, learn, want, expect, hope, wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask, beg, help。为了方便记忆，我们总结了以下口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。(2)下列动词或词组后一般用动名词：consider, suggest, advise, look forw

7、ard to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay, put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep, keep on, practice, deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, cant help, mind, allow, permit, escape。总结口诀如下：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。此外，be used to, be accustomed to, lead to, devote to, stick

8、 to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, give up, feel like, insist on, have difficulty (in), spend time(in)等短语后也要用动名词作宾语。(3)下列动词或词组既可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。forgetrememberregrettrymean(4)动词allow，permit，forbid，advise等后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用不定式作宾语补足语。Sorry, we dont allow making noises

9、in the reading room.对不起，在阅览室里不准喧哗。We dont allow students to make noises in the reading room.我们不允许学生在阅览室里喧哗。(5)need，want，require作“需要”讲，deserve作“应受，应得”讲时，其后用动名词的主动形式(doing)或不定式的被动形式(to be done)表被动意义。be worth后也用动名词的主动形式(doing)表达被动含义。The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned/cleaning.这扇窗户需要擦一下。(6)th

10、ink，find，feel，make，believe等动词可用于“动词it形容词to do sth.”结构。在此句型中，it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。I think it our duty to obey the laws.我认为遵守法律是我们的义务。3非谓语动词作表语(1)动词不定式作表语表示主语的职业、职责或性质等，从时间概念上说含有将来的意义。Her ambition is to be a cinema actress.她的目标是当一名电影演员。The most important purpose of first aid is to save ones life.急救

11、最重要的目的是挽救生命。名师点津当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，不具有未来的含义。The secret of a happy life is to accept change gracefully.幸福生活的秘密是优雅地接受变化。(2)主语部分含有行为动词do时，作表语的不定式可省略to。What he wanted to do was (to) become a skillful worker.他想要做的就是成为一名技术熟练的工人。(3)动名词作表语时，句子主语通常是无生命的事物或由what引导的名词性从句，多指抽象的、概念性的动作，也可以是多次的、经常

12、性的行为。Her first delight was going to the Tower of London.她最高兴的事是去伦敦塔。Our job is playing all kinds of music.我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。名师点津动名词和动词不定式作表语的区别：动名词和动词不定式作表语时通常可互换，但当非谓语形式所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，通常用动词不定式作表语；若非谓语形式所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容，则通常用动名词作表语。即学即练完成句子I found it difficult to see him here.我发现在这

13、里见到他是很难的。It is worth making an appointment before you go.去之前预约一下是值得的。The driver failed to see the other car in time司机没能及时看见另一辆车。It is easy to learn it well.学好它很容易。The car needs/requires/wants to be repaired/repairing这辆汽车需要修理。.单句语法填空1When I was a young boy，I loved climbing(climb)trees.2For those with

14、 family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected(connect)3Ignoring(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.4They cheered for regaining(regain) the tenth at last all together.5There is no easy w

15、ay to success in language learning.A good memory is a great help，but it is not enough only to memorize(memorize) rules from a grammar book.6But some students didnt want to wear(wear) the uniform.7Even if a grade is not given，the student is responsible for learning(learn) the material assigned.8You m

16、ay drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying(die) early by running.9His ambition is to go(go) to Harvard University.10We got a little sunburned/sunburnt(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.短文语法填空A fairy was flitting softly through the blue sky when she sa

17、w a King and a Queen weeping in a garden.“1.Seeing (see) is believing，” the fairy said to herself.“A King and a Queen could be sad sometimes.” The Queen gently fingered a baby hat with a sigh.“2.It would be so nice to have a child.”“Indeed.What a joy it would be 3.to take (take) care of a child of o

18、ur own! Is it a good idea 4.to try(try) some magic grasses and flowers？” said the King.Without a word, she looked up at him longingly.The fairy decided 5.to do (do) the couple a great favour.Soon the Kingdom had a lovely princess.The King invited seven fairies 6.to be (be) present at the great event

19、.Each of the seven fairies had a gift for the child.But just after the sixth fairy had given the princess her gift, the gate suddenly opened wide.7Standing (stand) in the middle of the hall was a witch in black.“The King had invited all the fairies but I did not hear from him，” she said coldly to th

20、e Queen, speaking as though she were an equal.The King found 8.it hard to put up with that.“How would it be 9.to learn(learn) I did not invite you？”“I dont care，” she turned to the Queen with a smile.“But now that I am here.I dont know what 10.to wear (wear) and how to behave.I dont know whether to laugh or cry at this special moment.”