2023届新教材高考英语全程一轮复习 第三讲 名词和数词.docx

1、专题二需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词第三讲名词和数词12021新高考The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we _ (human) are.22021全国甲卷Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and _ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going

2、about their daily routines.32021全国乙卷It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areasboth in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _ (develop) of the local are

3、as. 考点研析多维讲练 考点一 名词的数和所有格1.牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式(1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加-s：bookbooks, mouthmouths, househouses, girlgirls。(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es：glassglasses, boxboxes, matchmatches, brushbrushes。(3)以辅音字母-y结尾的名词，变y为i再加-es；citycities, countrycountries, partyparties, factoryfactories。(4)以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s：radi

4、os, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos；加-es的有以下词：heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。(5)以-f，-fe结尾的名词少数直接加-s：roofroofs，beliefbeliefs。一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es：self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half。2看到一个以上的人或物，如名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several等后时，要想到用复数形式。3看到谓语动词为复数形式，要想

5、到作主语的名词用复数形式。4注意一些不规则变化的名词复数，如childchildren, manmen, toothteeth, footfeet, womanwomen等。5有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等，如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。6一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有：make friends with(与交朋友)、shake hands with.(与握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparations for(为作准备)、in hi

6、gh spirits(兴高采烈地)。7常考的不可数名词(1)表物质的不可数名词：baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词：work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。(3)永远不可数的重点名词：advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。8名词的所有格(1)有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加-s。(2)表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等

7、非生命的事物后也可加-s表示其所有格。todays paper今天的报纸Englands shore 英国的海岸the cars design 这辆车的设计(3)无生命的名词，借用of表示所属关系。the window of the room 这个房间的窗户(4)如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-s。Jane and Marys mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Janes and Marys mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)(5)双重所有格：“a/two/some. 名词of名词s/

8、名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“of名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。a friend of her mothers她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片即学即练(单句语法填空)12021北京卷Why do we dream？Scientists arent completely sure, and they have diverse_ (idea).22022太原高三押宝题But the solar term culture is still useful today to guide peoples lives through special fo

9、ods, cultural _ (ceremony), gardening and even healthy living tips that correspond with each solar term.32020浙江卷Later，they learned to work with the _ (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.42022绵阳联考The paper was used for seal

10、ing up holes in walls and _(roof) in the cold and freezing winter.52022福建高三质检“Alaya, you dont have to do this if you dont want to. Nobody is forcing you.” Though I said I wasnt going to do it, my_ (foot) carried me toward the pool.62021浙江卷It is calculated by dividing a _ (person) weight in kg by the

11、ir weight in meters squared.考点二 数词数词属于高考试题中不常考查的冷点，主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法及区别，序数词前的修饰词以及分数的正确表达等。(一)基数词1常用基数词表oneeleventhirtytwotwelvefortythreethirteenfiftyfourfourteensixtyfivefifteenseventysixsixteeneightysevenseventeenninetyeighteighteenhundredninenineteenthousandtentwentymillion/billion2.使用基数词的几点注意事项(

12、1)one and a half后的名词用复数，谓语动词一般用单数，不过事实上也可用复数。(2)当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时，用单数形式，词尾不加-s；前面有many, several, a few修饰时，仍用单数形式。如：several billion years。表示概数时，用ten, hundred, thousand, billion的复数形式加of，后面接复数名词。如：thousands of lakes and forests。(3)表示某人的大约年龄，即“几十多岁”时，使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.s整十的基数词的复

13、数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如：in his fifties。(4)表示世纪年代表示“在世纪年代”时在数字后加-s或-s。the early 1920s/1920sthe early twentiesthe mid-eighties(二)序数词1常用序数词表firstelevenththirtiethsecondtwelfthfortieththirdthirteenthfiftiethfourthfourteenthsixtiethfifthfifteenthseventiethsixthsixteentheightiethseventhseventeenthninetietheighth

14、eighteenthhundredthninthnineteenththousandthtenthtwentiethmillionth/billionth名师指津21以上的多位数词，只将末位数变为序数词，前面的其他位数仍用基数词。如：21sttwenty-first；22ndtwenty-second；33rdthirty-third；100thone hundredth2序数词前冠词的使用(1)序数词前一般要加定冠词the。This is the first one.这是第一个。(2)序数词前有时可用不定冠词a/an，此时不强调顺序。“a/an序数词”相当于another，表示“又一个，再一

15、个”。Youd better try a third time.你最好再试一次。(3)序数词用作副词时，不用冠词。First come, first served.近水楼台先得月。(4)序数词之前已有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格修饰时，不再用定冠词。Ill never forget that first lesson taught by Mr Wang.我将不会忘记王老师教我的第一堂课。(5)序数词用在由“序数词名词”构成的形容词中时，不用定冠词。There is a first-class hotel over there.那里有一家一流的宾馆。即学即练(单句语法填空)1The Food

16、and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations says about one _ (three) of the food produced worldwide each year is wasted or lost.22022衡水中学高三调研Whaling was a primary industry in Australia in the nineteenth and early _ (twenty) centuries but whaling in Australia was limited in 1987.3In the summe

17、r holiday following my _(eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons.小试牛刀.语法填空2022太原市二模A concrete bookstore in Wisdom Bay Sci-tech Innovation Park in Shanghai is the first 3D-printed bookstore in China.It opened 1._ the public in March，2021.The bookstore consists of three parts，one of 2._ is the area

18、 of about 30 square meters，3._ (accommodate) at most 15 people inside at a time.Different from simple works such as a 3D-printed flower basin，the bookstore is 4._ innovative attempt in the architecture field.Besides saving time，the 3D-printed architecture is 5._ (cheap) in comparison with buildings

19、using conventional 6._ (technique) as well.In addition，7._ (it) use of fiber concrete is unique，which strengthens the earthquake 8._ (resist).Experts say it is as safe as any traditional concrete construction 9._ (base) on the experimental data.Up to now，many similar researches on 3D-printed concret

20、e technology 10._ (conduct) in France，Switzerland and Russia.But Chinas researches and achievements in this field are among the best in the world.写作运用补全下面写作，注意名词的运用。To whom it may concern：1_(我是你的一个顾客). I ordered a set of Bookworm Series on your website two weeks ago, but I didnt receive them until y

21、esterday. 2. _ (令我十分失望的是), the books were so poorly packed up that 3. _(其中一本书的书皮破损了). To make matters worse, it is not a complete set, as I found one book missing. Im sorry to have received such poor service, and I believe I have every right to ask you to deal with this problem. I hope that you eith

22、er return my money 4._ (或者给我派送一套新书). Besides, Id like to be informed of the process of your dealing with my complaint. 5_(期盼你的回复). Yours，Li Hua第三讲名词和数词高考感悟1答案与解析：humans考查名词的复数。本空作宾语从句主语we的同位语，故应该用名词的复数形式。2答案与解析：watchtowers考查名词的数。并列连词and连接的词在形式上应保持一致，and前的gates是名词的复数形式，故空处应用所给词的复数形式watchtowers。3答案与解析

23、：development考查名词。空格在冠词the之后，应填名词development“发展”。考点研析多维讲练考点一1答案与解析：ideas考查名词复数。句意：他们有各种各样的观点。可见idea应用复数形式。故填ideas.2答案与解析：ceremonies句意：但节气文化在今天仍然有用，它通过与每个节气相对应的特殊食物、文化仪式、园艺，甚至健康生活技巧来指导人们的生活。ceremony为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。3答案与解析：seasons考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的

24、词性为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。4答案与解析：roofs考查名词的单复数。空处与walls作并列名词，walls是名词复数形式。故填roofs。5答案与解析：feet考查名词单复数。foot是可数名词，且没有被冠词修饰，故用复数形式。6答案与解析：persons此处指一个人的体重公斤数除以身高米数的平方。故填person的所有格形式。考点二1答案与解析：third根据语境 “三分之一的食物被浪费或流失”可知，此处指三分之一，结合空前的one可知，该空填序数词third。2答案与解析：twentieth考查数词。句意：在19世纪和20世纪早期，捕鲸是澳大利亚的主要产业，但是在1

25、987年，澳大利亚的捕鲸业受到限制。表示“在世纪”时，通常用序数词。故填twentieth。3答案与解析：eighteenth此处表示“我的18岁生日”，应用序数词eighteenth。小试牛刀.语法填空【语篇解读】本文是说明文。通过描述中国首家3D打印的建筑上海智慧湾科创园的一家书店引出文章主题：3D打印建筑的介绍、3D打印建筑的技术特点、强度以及在全球的使用情况等。1答案与解析：to考查介词。该句意为“它(该书店)于2021年3月向公众开放”。故填to。2答案与解析：which考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代空前的three parts作介词of的宾语，故用which

26、。这里说的是书店由三个部分组成，其中一个面积约30平方米，最多可同时容纳15人。3答案与解析：accommodating考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，空处作主句的伴随状语，主语The bookstore和动词accommodate是逻辑上的主动关系。故用现在分词accommodating。4答案与解析：an考查冠词。该处泛指“一次创新的尝试”，故用不定冠词，且innovative的发音以元音音素开头。故用an。5答案与解析：cheaper考查比较等级。根据该句中的“in comparison with”可知，除了节省时间，3D打印建筑也比使用传统技术的建筑更便宜。故用cheap的比较级ch

27、eaper。6答案与解析：techniques考查名词的数。technique为可数名词，根据常识可知，传统技术有多种，故用该名词的复数形式。7答案与解析：its考查代词。空格在名词之前，因此填形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”使用。8答案与解析：resistance考查词性转换。冠词后接名词，根据the可知，该处用名词形式。9答案与解析：based考查非谓语动词。该句意为：专家表示，根据实验数据，它和任何传统的混凝土建筑一样安全。此处表示“根据，基于”，应用be based on结构。故填based。10答案与解析：have been conducted考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“Up to now”可知，该句用现在完成时；主语many similar researches和谓语动词conduct之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；且主语为名词复数。故填have been conducted。.写作运用1答案：Im one of your customers2答案：And much to my disappointment3答案：the cover of one book was torn4答案：or deliver a new set of books to me5答案：Looking forward to your reply