新教材2022新高考英语人教版一轮总复习训练：选择性必修第三册 UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE WORD版含解析.doc

1、A卷小题夯基练.语境填词1Here we offer thousands of quality blankets(毯子) to suit various tastes of our customers.2A growing number of people support the argument that it is cruel(残忍的) of humans to train wild animals to perform tricks for entertainment or advertisements.3Though already in his fifties, he seems n

2、ever to lose his passion and youthful vigour(活力)4Theyve paid 6 months rent in advance for a tworoom apartment and will give it a thorough(彻底的) cleaning before moving in.5We got stuck in ice and after several days it got so dangerous that we had to abandon(舍弃) the ship and walk along the ice to safet

3、y.6With their decent(相当不错的) incomes and comfortable living conditions, the lives of whitecollar workers are envied by many ordinary people.7They said goodbye to him as he got aboard(上火车) the train at Union Station.8The passengers became very frightened after realizing the ship was sinking(下沉).词形转换和动

4、词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1(2019天津卷)Occasionally, I would read a novel that was_assigned(assign), but I didnt enjoy this type of reading.2Shopping used to_mean(mean) actually going to shops, but nowadays, you can shop without even leaving your house.3Please give me feedback at your convenience if my qualif

5、ication(qualify) meets your requirements.4While leaving for university, the fewer belongings(belong) you take, the safer and more comfortable you will feel.5The Internet is a wonderful place, but unfortunately(fortunate) there are people on the Net who can be mean, rude and criminal.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个

6、适当的单词)1(2019全国卷)It_turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪)2(全国卷)She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.3Its impossible for one to be qualified for this

7、 job without professional training.4The movie gets such a complicated storyline with nearly 40 characters that some of the audience may have difficulty in understanding it thoroughly.5You need to assign each action to the relative button view component.选词填空turn sb. down, make fire, give off, from ba

8、d to worse, used to do, turn to, guide sb. in.1In those remote mountains people used_to farm by the slash and burn method.2Despite all these benefits, most Australians still turned_down the proposal to eat kangaroo meat.3I wanted a broad education that would provide me with a value system to guide m

9、e in my career.4Things went from_bad_to_worse,_until finally he had to give up his position.5When heated, the liquid will give_off heavy smoke as well as a horrible odor, making it difficult for people to breathe.完成句子/一句多译1他们应该放弃玩电脑游戏。如果这样，他们的学习就会有很大的进步。They should abandon_playing_computer_games. If

10、 so, they will make great progress in their study.2她不打算回家因为她的父亲对她很残忍。She didnt intend to go home because_her_father_was_cruel_to_her3一个知识渊博的导游会确保你的博物馆之旅成为一次有趣又有益的经历。A_knowledgeable_guide_will_ensure you an enjoyable and instructive experience around the museum.4随着科学技术的发展，旧设备不得不被新发明取代。(give 短语)With t

11、he development of science and technology, old equipment has to give_way_to_new_inventions5她的文章如此感人，以至于她很快就受邀开始为一家报社写文章。She_wrote_such_a_moving_composition that before long she was invited to write articles for a newspaper. (such.that.)She_wrote_so_moving_a_composition that before long she was invite

12、d to write articles for a newspaper. (so.that.)B卷大题提能练.阅读理解A(2021惠州调研)When students got their textbooks at the beginning of the year at San Mateo High School, they also received the Yondr pouch (口袋), a locking device for their phones. The phone slides into it and gets locked through a magnetic (磁力的)

13、 device. Its not unlocked again until the final bell rings. The procedure will repeat every day for the rest of the school year.Adam Gelb, the vicepresident, ran a pilot project last year with 20 students and decided to do a schoolwide, bell to bell program for this school year. The Yondr pouch is a

14、 startup in San Francisco with a mission to create phonefree spaces, something that is the very thought with Gelb.“I really think its about being present and engaging in the adult thats trying to teach you, and your peers that might be in your small group. Thats part of the main philosophy that were

15、 trying to spread，” he said.Brad Friedman, another teacher at the school, said he was becoming concerned with overuse of phones at school. He said he often saw students completely lost in their phones, some not socializing at all with other students.This week, hes already seeing the difference. “Eve

16、ryone else was socializing and eating lunch together. Thats what I wasnt seeing enough of when phone usage is at its worst，” he said.A senior at San Mateo High School named Djelani PhillipsDiop said he definitely panicked at first when he heard he had to lock his phone. “I panicked, I guess. Last ye

17、ar when we had phones, I was using it every day，” he said.In case of emergency, every classroom has the unlocking device. Teachers still have access to their own cellphones and desk phones. “Weve gotten all 1，700 students unlocked with a matter of minutes，” said Gelb.We spoke to four students who, d

18、espite their initial panic, agreed that a phonefree school experience has its benefits.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一所中学在新学期发放课本的同时也发给学生一个用来锁手机的袋子Yondr口袋，以此来限制学生在校过度使用手机，逐渐把学生的注意力从手机屏幕转移到更有意义的校园活动和社交上来。1What can we learn about the Yondr pouch from paragraph 1?AIt is a device to lock phones.BIt is a bell to

19、 unlock phones.CIt is a device to be used for a year.DIt is a phone intended for students.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“they also received the Yondr pouch (口袋), a locking device for their phones”可知Yondr口袋是一个用来锁手机的设备，故选A。2The Yondr pouch is used more in Gelbs school to _Acreate space to use phones freelyBhelp th

20、e students to be more outgoingCencourage more mutual communication among studentsDhelp the students to realize the harm of overuse of phonesC解析：细节理解题。根据第三段引用的副校长(这项创新举措的设计者之一)的原话可知，在学校推广Yondr口袋的目的是不让学生使用手机，而使其专注于参与老师或小组的活动；第五段也提到，没有手机在手，学生们能相互交流、共进午餐，大家愿意参与校园社交了，情况发生了很大的变化，故选C。3What is Friedmans att

21、itude to the use of the Yondr pouch?AConcerned.BFavorable.CDisapproving. DDoubtful.B解析：观点态度题。根据第四段、第五段可知，布莱德弗里德曼看到了使用Yondr口袋前后学生的变化很多人从沉溺于手机到积极参与社交，校内氛围好了很多，由此推断出他对这种变化是满意的。favorable意为“赞成的、赞许的”，符合题意，故选B。4What can be learned from the passage?AThe students were willing to have their phones locked at f

22、irst.BThe phone will get unlocked automatically when there is an emergency.CStudents prefer eating lunch together with their phones in hand.DSome students came to realize the benefits of the phonefree program.D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，有一部分学生从最初的恐慌、抵触逐渐转变，最终意识到“无手机校园”的好处，D项中“came to realize the benefits”很好

23、地表达了学生态度的前后变化，且内容契合原文，故选D。B(2021北京海淀区一模)There is certainly evidence that actors experience a blending of their real self with their assumed characters. For instance, Benedict Cumberbatch said, “My mum says Im much more impatient with her when Im filming Sherlock.”Mark Seton, a researcher at the Univ

24、ersity of Sydney, has even coined the term “postdramatic stress disorder” to describe the lasting effects experienced by actors who lose themselves in a role. “Actors may often prolong habits of the characters they have embodied，” he writes.A recent finding doesnt involve acting, and it indicates th

25、at merely spending some time thinking about another person seemed to rub_off on the volunteers sense of self, led by Meghan Meyer at Princeton University. Across several studies, these researchers asked volunteers to first rate their own personalities, memories or physical attributes, and then to pe

26、rform the same task from the perspective of another person. For instance, they might score the emotionality of various personal memories, and then rate how a friend or relative would have experienced those same events.After taking the perspective of another, the volunteers scored themselves once aga

27、in: the consistent finding was that their selfknowledge was now changedtheir selfscores had shifted to become more similar to those theyd given for someone else. For instance, if they had initially said the trait term “confident” was only moderately related to themselves and then rated the term as b

28、eing strongly related to a friends personality, when they came to rescore themselves, they now tended to see themselves as more confident. Remarkably, this morphing of the self with another was still apparent even if a 24hour gap was left between taking someone elses perspective and rerating oneself

29、.“By simply thinking about another person, we may adapt ourselves to taking the shape of that person，” said Meyer and her colleagues. That our sense of self should have this quality might be a little discouraging, especially for anyone who has struggled to establish a firm sense of identity. Yet the

30、re is an optimistic message here, too. The challenge of improving ourselvesor at least seeing ourselves in a more positive lightmight be a little easier than we thought. By roleplaying or acting out the kind of person we would like to become, or merely by thinking about and spending time with people

31、 who embody the kind of attributes we would like to see in ourselves, we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways.“As each of us chooses who to befriend, who to model, and who to ignore，” write Meyer and her colleagues, “we must make these decisions aware of how they shape not only

32、the fabric of our social networks, but even our sense of who we are.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以演员们的“戏剧后应激障碍”为导入，以科学研究为基础，讲述了角色扮演对个人自我意识和行为的影响和塑造，通过对自我意识的积极影响，人们能提升自己。5The first two paragraphs mainly _Astate that acting requires skillsBexplain the stress that an actor facesCshow that a role leaves a mark on

33、the actorDstress the importance of devoting oneself to a roleC解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的“There is certainly evidence that actors experience a blending of their real self with their assumed characters.”和第二段中的“Actors may often prolong habits of the characters they have embodied”可知，前两段向读者表明：一个角色在演员身上留下了印记。故选C。6W

34、hat does the underlined phrase “rub off” in paragraph 3 probably mean?AInfluence. BStrengthen.CConfuse. DDetermine.A解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“A recent finding doesnt involve acting, and it indicates that merely spending some time thinking about another person seemed to rub off on the volunteers sense of self

35、, led by Meghan Meyer at Princeton University.”和第四段中的“Remarkably, this morphing of the self with another was still apparent even if a 24hour gap was left between taking someone elses perspective and rerating oneself.”可知，仅仅花时间去思考另一人都会影响自我意识，此处rub off意为“影响”。故选A。7According to the study, taking the pers

36、pective of another person _Abrings changes to ones selfknowledgeBmotivates one to better understand himselfChelps people deal with their identity problemsDproduces temporary effects on ones characterA解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Remarkably, this morphing of the self with another was still apparent even if a 24h

37、our gap was left between taking someone elses perspective and rerating oneself.”可知，接受别人的观点会给自我认识带来变化。故选A。8What is the significance of the study?AIt offers instructions on making friends.BIt proposes a means to improve ourselves.CIt gives advice on adjusting ones emotions.DIt presents a way to deal w

38、ith stress disorder.B解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Yet there is an optimistic message here, too.we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways.”和最后一段可知，在社交活动中通过角色扮演或表现出我们想成为的那种人，人们的自我意识能得到积极地改善，说明研究的重要性在于它提出了一种提升我们自己的方法。故选B。CJournalism wasnt on my radar until I was looking at colleges to apply to

39、 during my junior year in high school. As I thought about what my passions were, I kept thinking back to my likes of writing and watching the nightly news and also my desire to know everything about everything. So a decision was finally made.Now as a junior in college with one semester to go, I real

40、ize that journalism is so much more than writing and broadcasting the facts about certain things. We have a right to know whats going on in our country! We have a right to know whats going on in our country! Journalists have a duty to keep the masses informed and uphold the whole thing that people l

41、ove to spew out(涌出). Sure, information can go astray (误入歧途), and there are some news outlets that will put a different spin on stories. But its all a matter of how we, the public, perceive the news.On a deeper level, a journalists duty should also be to tell the stories of people who dont have the o

42、pportunity to do so alone. Think about it: What stories do people empathize with most? Its the stories where people who have gone through something tough or traumatic are put front in center that do the best, and for a good reason. Journalists have a responsibility to the public by not just informin

43、g them, but also giving them a chance to talk about real issues that have an effect on them.And that is the reason why I want to become a journalist. I want to give a voice to the people who feel like they have no voice at all. I want to be able to tell the stories that often go unheard or often get

44、 ignored. And I hope that my fellow journalism students realize that they have the power to do so as well, no matter what sort of journalism they go into.We are more than journalists.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在大学里学的是新闻专业，他表达了自己对于记者责任的看法。9What decision did the author make at his junior year in high school?A

45、Reflecting on his life regularly.BChoosing journalism as his major.CPaying more attention to his study.DReceiving higher education after high school.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者在高中选择大学专业时，最终决定了学新闻专业。10What can we infer from paragraph 2?AJournalism is a career involving hardship and suffering.BMany people

46、 are indifferent to the things around them.CWe should learn to distinguish true and false news.DThe masses should have strong faith in journalists.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的最后两句内容可知，新闻有时会有不同的报道，会让消息误入歧途，所以我们应该学会辨别真假新闻。11According to the author, people are most likely to sympathize with those _Ahaving an effec

47、t on other peoples lifeBhaving a chance to talk about their sufferingCreporting others stories with their own sufferingDgoing through something tough with a positive mindB解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Its the stories where people who have gone through something tough or traumatic are put front in center that do

48、the best, and for a good reason.”可知答案。12Whats the authors suggestion to his fellows?AWork hard toward their goal.BHelp more people after their journalism work.CKnow about their ability to give a voice to those ignored.DThink clearly about what sort of journalism theyll go into.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I wa

49、nt to give a voice to the people.my fellow journalism students realize that they have the power to do so.”可知，作者希望他的新闻专业同学能够意识到自己有为被忽略的人发声的能力。.七选五(2021南昌二中模拟)Although books are still popular with teenagers, most of them spend more of their leisure time staring at their phone than reading a paperbook.

50、1._ Instead of publishing a whole book at once, they produce very short chapters, which they send once a week to their readers by text message.2_ Many are written by high school or university students who are very familiar with the topics that teenagers are interested in.Common themes are love, trag

51、edy and betrayal, and the stories often deal with difficult or controversial issues.Twentyoneyearold Rin wrote her novel over a sixmonth period in spare moments, often while commuting on the train. 3._ Her book sold 40，000 copies and was number five in the Japanese bestseller list.Rin said that her

52、mother had had no idea that she had been writing a novel and was therefore very surprised when she saw a book with her daughters name on it.4_ Chapters have no more than 200 words, and often just 50100 words.Sentences are short and there are no descriptions of anything or anybody because there isnt

53、space.The text mostly consists of dialogue and the language is direct, conveying a lot in a few words.In 2009, a young Japanese writer called Takatsu, who lived in Canada, began writing the first English language cell phone novel, Secondhand Memories.Takatsu had read an English translation of Rins s

54、tory and had been impressed by its simple and emotional language.It was a feature he deliberately copied when he started writing Secondhand Memories.5._ He now believes that, in English, cell phone novels have a powerful and poetic identity of their own.Cell phone novels encourage young people to en

55、gage in fiction, even those who would not normally pick up a book.They could be described as ten novels for the 21st century.ABooks are sometimes regarded as oldfashioned and difficult to read.BIn response to this trend, some smart young authors have changed the way they write.CHowever, as the story

56、 progressed, the style gradually evolved into something different.DShe typed out chapters on her phone and uploaded them onto a popular website for cell phone authors.ENo money is made from cell phone novels unless they are published as books.FThe style of cell phone novels has evolved to suit the m

57、edium.GAlthough the idea originated in Japan, cell phone novels have also appeared in the rest of world.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了手机小说这一新型的小说形式，作家们不是一次出版整本书，而是制作非常短的章节，每周通过短信发送给读者。同时介绍了两位作家写手机小说的情况。1B解析：根据下文“Instead of publishing.by text message.(他们不是一次出版整本书，而是制作非常短的章节，每周通过短信发送给读者)”可知，面对青少年如今长时间看手机的趋势，一

58、些作家改变了自己的写作方式。B项“作为对这一趋势的回应，一些聪明的年轻作家改变了他们的写作方式”符合语境，故选B。2G解析：根据下文“Many are written.interested in.(许多作品是由高中生或大学生写的，他们非常熟悉青少年感兴趣的话题)”可知，本段是在说明手机小说出现的地点和创作者，G项“手机小说虽然起源于日本，但也出现在世界的其他地方”符合语境，故选G。3D解析：根据上文“Twentyoneyearold Rin.on the train.(21岁的林在6个多月的业余时间内写小说，通常是在乘火车上下班的时候写)”可知，本句承接上文继续说明林写作的事情。D项中She指

59、代上文中的林。D项“她用手机打出了一些章节，并把它们上传到一个流行的手机作者网站上”符合语境，故选D。4F解析：根据本段下文的内容“章节不超过200字，通常只有50100字。句子很短，没有任何对事物或人的描述，因为没有空格。文本以对话为主，语言直接，言简意赅。”可知，本段是在说明手机小说所具有的风格更加言简意赅，与媒体的风格类似。F项“手机小说的风格已经演变到适合用手机的媒介观看”符合语境，故选F。5C解析：根据下文“He now believes that, in English, cell phone novels have a powerful and poetic identity of their own.(他现在相信，在英语中，手机小说有着自己强大而富有诗意的特征)”可知，鹰津从一开始的模仿到后来风格逐渐变得不同，这让他对手机小说的看法有了改变。C项“然而，随着故事的进展，风格逐渐演变得不同”符合语境，故选C。