2022年高考英语 考点专项突破01 名词（含解析）.doc

1、名词一、基础达标训练1The friends you make are often a _ (reflect) of your personality. 【答案】reflection【详解】考查名词。句意：你所交的朋友往往反映了你的个性。根据句意及单词提示可知，这里应用名词reflection。a reflection of为固定短语，意为“.的反应。故填reflection。2Some insects take on the color of their _ (surround) to protect themselves. 【答案】surroundings【详解】考查名词。句意：有些昆虫伪

2、装成周围环境的颜色来保护自己。空处作宾语，表示“环境”应用名词surrounding，表示“环境”时常用复数形式。故填surroundings。3While the video clip(片段) might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show _ (generous) and sympathy. 【答案】generosity【详解】考查名词。句意：布里奇斯说，虽然这段视频看起来像是一个新的广告宣传活动的一部分，但其唯一目的是为了表现慷慨和同情。分析可知，此处应用不可数名词gene

3、rosity作show的宾语。故填generosity。4It quickens the _ (transport) of food. 【答案】transportation/transport【详解】考查名词。句意：它加快了食物的运输。空处作宾语，表示“运输”应填名词transportation或transport，表抽象概念，不可数。故填transportation/transport。5It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this _ (collect), for tha

4、t would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading. 【答案】collection【详解】考查名词。句意：我并不想点明这本选集中每一部戏剧的中心主题，因为那样确实会破坏阅读的乐趣。代词this修饰单数名词，作介词in的宾语，collection“选集”，可数名词，故填collection。6Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid _ (describe) of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 【答案】description【详解】考查名词。句意：无论它是

5、什么，结果是对中亚最纯净的传统的完美而生动的描述。分析可知此处应用名词作表语，结合a可知用其单数形式。故填description。7You would be making an _ (assume) that is not based on facts. 【答案】assumption【详解】考查名词。句意：你会做一个不基于事实的假设。由空前的不定冠词an可知，填可数名词单数，assume是动词，名词形式是assumption。故填assumption。8How dare he use my office without _ (permit)? 【答案】permission【详解】考查名词。句意

6、：他怎么敢未经允许就使用我的办公室？空处作宾语，表示“允许”应用名词permission，短语without permission“未经允许”。故填permission。9The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facial _(recognize).【答案】recognition【详解】考查名词。句意：问题是，机器在人脸识别方面仍然有局限性。空处作宾语，表示“人脸识别”短语为facial recognition。故填recognition。10At the graduation ceremony, our

7、headmaster required us to raise our competitive _ (aware) in modern society. 【答案】awareness【详解】考查名词。句意：在毕业典礼上，我们的校长要求我们提高现代社会的竞争意识。空处作宾语，表示“意识”应填名词awareness，表抽象概念，不可数。故填awareness。11 He had more job satisfaction, a better_ (marry) and was healthier. 【答案】marriage【详解】考查名词。句意：他对工作更满意，婚姻更好，身体更健康。此空前有不定冠词a

8、以及形容词比较级修饰可知，此空用单数名词marriage。故填marriage。12That_ (free) to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. 【答案】freedom【详解】考查名词。句意：选择的自由是更多的人喜欢独自吃饭的一个原因。分析可知，此处应用名词作主语，to choose作为其后置定语，freedom“自由”符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填freedom。13Since we used the new _(recycle) method, a large number of trees have been s

9、aved. 【答案】recycling【详解】考查名词。句意：自从我们采用新的回收方法以来，节省了大量的树木。分析可知，此处应用名词recycling“回收利用”作定语，修饰名词method，recycling method“回收方法”。故填recycling。14In the past, there was often an automatic _ (react) to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch. 【答案】reaction【详解】考查名词。句意：过去，对于逐渐增加的交通流量往往会有一种自然的应对：拓宽道路就

10、好，Mark Poch如是说。分析句子可知，react被形容词automatic修饰，与其前不定冠词an一起作主语，需要用名词形式reaction“反应，应对”，且用单数形式。故填reaction。15However, no matter what I do, my efforts to lose weight always end in_ (fail). 【答案】failure【详解】考查名词。句意：然而，无论我做什么，我的减肥努力总是以失败告终。介词in后接名词形式。根据句意，故填failure。16The car was still under_, so I got it repaire

11、d free of charge.【答案】guarantee【详解】考查名词。句意：这辆车还在保修期内，所以我请人免费修理了。be under guarantee在保修期内。根据句意，故填guarantee。17It is not my_(intend) to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection.【答案】intention【详解】考查名词。句意：指出这个系列中每部戏剧的中心主题不是我的意图。分析可知，空前“my”为形容词性物主代词，因此所填空应是名词，在句中作表语。“intend”，动词，意为“

12、打算；计划”，其名词形式为“intention”，可数名词，意为“意图；目的”，结合语境可知，应是单数形式。故填intention。18 She has stuck to physical training for several years without _ (interrupt). 【答案】interruption【详解】考查名词。句意：她已经坚持了几年的体能训练，没有中断过。空处作宾语，表示“中断”，应填名词interruption，表抽象概念，不可数。故填interruption。19Heart is one of the most important _ (organ) for h

13、uman beings, birds and animals. 【答案】organs【详解】考查名词的数。句意：心脏是人类、鸟类和动物最重要的器官之一。one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“最之一”，固定句型，所以空处需用名词复数organs“器官”。故填organs。20There are no simple _ (solve) to the current situation.【答案】solutions【详解】考查名词。句意：当下的情况没有简单的解决方案。根据句意和汉语提示可知，该空处应填solve对应的名词solution，作there be 句型的主语。solution为可数

14、名词，且be动词用的are（复数），根据主谓一致，名词也应该用复数。故填solutions。21There was an almost complete lack of _ (aware) of the issues involved. 【答案】awareness【详解】考查名词。句意：对所涉及的问题几乎完全没有意识到。根据句意及结构分析可知，此处是名词所有格，应用名词awareness，不可数，作lack of的宾语。故填awareness。22It was obvious that the event did not live up to _ (expect). 【答案】expectati

15、ons【详解】考查名词。句意：很明显，这个事件没有达到人们的期望。根据句意及空前live up to可知，此处是固定搭配live up to expectations“达到预期，不负所望”。故填expectations。23The _(resist) to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. 【答案】resistance【详解】考查名词。句意：对疫苗的耐药性持续了几十年，它是由一个真实但非常小的风险驱动的。空处应填名词作主语，resistance“抵抗，反抗”是不可

16、数名词，符合题意。故填resistance。24His _(addict) to drugs, which concerned the parents, propelled him towards a life of crime. 【答案】addiction【详解】考查名词。句意：他吸毒成瘾，这使父母担心，也让他走上犯罪道路。分析句子及His可知，空处应填名词作主语，addiction“上瘾”是不可数名词。故填addiction。25I view it as a _(reflect) of their desire to succeed. 【答案】reflection【详解】考查名词。句意：我

17、认为这反映了他们渴望成功。“a + 名词+ of“为固定用法，空处需填可数名词单数形式reflection。故填reflection。26The tallest buildings in London are small in_ (compare) with skyscrapers in China. 【答案】comparison【详解】考查名词。句意：伦敦最高的建筑与中国的摩天大楼比起来是小的。空处应填名词作宾语，in comparison with与比较，是固定短语。故填comparison。27Xie Lei, who is 21 years old, has come to the u

18、niversity to study for a business _ (qualify). 【答案】qualification【详解】考查名词，句意：21岁的谢磊来到这所大学攻读工商管理资格证书。分析可知，此处表示“资格证书”，所以用名词形式。故填qualification。28However, technology is also the_(apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.【答案】application【详解】考查名词。句意：然而，技术也是科学知识用于解决

19、问题的应用，与生活有着数不清的关系。分析句子可知，空白处位于the+sth.+of+sth.的名词所有格结构中，意为“的”，需要一个名词，结合句意与所给词语推知，要用application表示“应用，运用”。故填application。29The students returned to school with a sense of _(achieve), and they felt happy because they helped people in need. 【答案】achievement【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：学生们带着成就感回到学校，他们感到很高兴，因为他们帮助了需要帮助的人

20、。名词所有格 a sense of +名词（的感觉），用名词achievement。故填achievement。30When Captain Cook landed in New Zealand in 1769, he took_(possess) of it in the name of the British Crown. 【答案】possession【详解】考查名词。句意：当库克船长在1769年登陆新西兰时，他以英国王室的名义占领了它。分析句子可知，设空处接在动词took后面作宾语，应用名词形式，并且短语take possession of，意为“夺取、占领”，根据句意，故填posses

21、sion。31His angry _ (refuse) to agree to the plan raised the temperature of the meeting. 【答案】refusal【详解】考查名词。句意：他愤怒地拒绝同意这个计划，使会议变得激烈起来。 his为形容词性物主代词修饰名词，表示“拒绝”应用名词refusal，作主语。故填refusal。32In_ (conclude), I would like to thank everyone who helped to make this event possible. 【答案】conclusion【详解】考查名词。句意：最

22、后，我想感谢每一个帮助使这次活动成为可能的人。根据空格前的介词In可知，此处应用conclude的名词形式作介词宾语，in conclusion“最后，总而言之”是固定短语。故填conclusion。33Since President Xi urged promoting the spirit of the ox in serving the people, driving innovative development and working tirelessly, these three _ (ox) have become very popular.【答案】oxen【详解】考查名词复数。句

23、意：自从习近平总书记提倡弘扬为民服务孺子牛、创新发展拓荒牛、艰苦奋斗老黄牛的精神以来，“三牛”精神成为非常受欢迎的。three修饰名词复数，ox的复数是oxen，故填oxen。34James knew there was no room for_(negotiate)，and he tried to close his eyes，mind blank.【答案】negotiation【详解】考查名词。句意：詹姆斯知道没有谈判的余地，他试图闭上眼睛，脑子里一片空白。根据设空前的介词for可知此处要用名词作宾语。故填negotiation。35She felt a strange _(mix) of

24、 excitement and fear that she never had before. 【答案】mixture【详解】考查名词。句意：她感到一种前所未有的兴奋和恐惧的奇怪的混合。根据设空前形容词strange，可知此处要用名词。故填mixture。36After he won the amateur championship he turned _(profession)【答案】professional【详解】考查名词。句意：在他赢得业余冠军后，他成为了职业选手。根据设空前连系动词turned，可知此处要用名词作表语。故填professional。37Luckily, his fath

25、er didnt get injured when the _(explode) happened at the chemical factory. 【答案】explosion【详解】考查名词。句意：幸运的是，化工厂发生爆炸时，他的父亲没有受伤。根据该空后的动词happened 可知，该空应该填名词作主语，explode的名词形式是explosion，意为“爆炸”。故填explosion。38The _ (law) claimed that the accused was not guilty.【答案】lawyer【详解】考查名词。句意：律师声称被告无罪。分析句子，该空需要一个名词做主语，谓语

26、动词claim表示“声称”，其动作发出者一般是人物；所给词law表示“法律”，不符合句意，其派生名词lawyer(律师)符合题意。故填lawyer。39Where on earth do you get all of your _ (sight) from? 【答案】insight【详解】考查名词。句意：你究竟从哪里得到你所有的洞察力？分析可知，此处应用名词insight“洞察力”作宾语，抽象概念，不可数。故填insight。40Seasonal _(migrate) is another form of escape, especially for large mammals or bird

27、s. 【答案】migration【详解】考查名词。句意：节性迁徙是另一种逃避方式，尤其是对大型哺乳动物或鸟类来说。设空前为形容词，形容词修饰名词，所以空白处要用名词。migrate“迁徙”为动词，其名词形式为migration，抽象概念，不可数。故填migration。二、 能力提升训练1Eating a balanced diet is _ to our bodies.Aof great beneficialBvery benefitCof very beneficialDof great benefit【答案】D【详解】考查固定短语。句意：均衡饮食对我们的身体非常有益。be of grea

28、t benefit相当于be very beneficial，表示“非常有益的”。故选D项。2There is no _ that the earlier we are prepared, the better chances we will have.AdenyingBto denyCbeing deniedDto be denied【答案】A【详解】考查名词。句意：不可否认，我们准备得越早，机会就会越好。固定句式There is no denying that.“不可否认的是”，denying是名词，that引导的是同位语从句。故选A项。3Jenny was very sad over t

29、he _ of the photos she had shot in Canada with her parents.AlostBlossClooseDlosing【答案】B【详解】考查名词。句意：珍妮因为丢失了她和父母在加拿大拍的照片而非常伤心。the+名词+of表示“.的”，lost是形容词，表示“丢失的”，loss是名词，loose是形容词，表示“松的”，losing是动名词，表示“丢失”，所以此处只有B项符合语法，故选B项。4In the USA, Columbus Day is_ the _ of Christopher Columbus in the New World.Ain t

30、he memory of; arrivalBin memory of; arrivalCin the memory of; arrivingDin memory of; arriving【答案】B【详解】考查介词短语和名词。句意：在美国，哥伦比亚日是纪念克里斯多夫哥伦比亚来到新世界。in memory of为了纪念.，是固定短语，结合句意可知，第一空用in memory of；the和of之间要有名词构成固定结构（the+名词+of），因此，第二空用arrive的名词形式arrival。所以选B。5To make members of a team perform better, the tr

31、ainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses.AstrengthsBbenefitsCtechniquesDvalues【答案】A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了让团队成员表现得更好，教练首先要知道他们的长处和短处。A. strengths长处；B. benfits好处；C. techniques技术；D. values价值。根据后文的weaknesses“短处”可知，空处与weaknesses对应，strengths“长处”符合语境，故选A项。6The Revenge of Prince Zidan is an _ of Ha

32、mlet into Peking Opera by Shanghai Jingju Theatre Company.AadoptionBadmissionCadaptationDaffection【答案】C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：子丹王子的复仇是上海京剧院根据哈姆雷特改编的京剧。 A. adoption 采用，收养；B.admission 承认，录用；C. adaptation 适应，改编（本）；D.affection 喜爱，感情。根据句意，此处表示子丹王子的复仇改编至哈姆雷特。故选C项。7It is difficult to measure the _ of paper used a

33、s a result of use of Internet-connected computers,AqualityBamountCquotationDaspect【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：使用连接互联网的电脑，很难量度纸张的使用量。A.quality品质； B.amount 数量；C.quotation 引用；D.aspect方面。根据句意，此处指很难衡量纸张的使用量。故选B。8Maggie hasnt been seen for three days and there is _ about her safety.AcombinationBconcernCcontribut

34、ionDconsumption【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Maggie 已经三天没露面了，现在很担心她的安全。A.combination 联合，联合体；B.concern 关心；C.contribution 贡献；D.consumption消费。根据空前“Maggie hasnt been seen for three days”及空后“her safety”可知，此处指大家担心她的安全。故选B。9The WWII Victory Parade in Beijing was both a solemn _ of the Chinas past suffering and cele

35、bration of its accomplishment.AdeclarationBprotest CrevengeDreminder【答案】D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在北京举行的第二次世界大战胜利大游行既是对中国人民过去遭受的苦难的庄重提醒，也是对中国取得的成就的赞扬。A. declaration声明；B. protest抗议；C. revenge报复；D. reminder提醒。由 past suffering可知，游行能够使人回忆起过去的痛苦，因此选择reminder合乎语境。故选D项。10The _ the Chinese have made in space are sur

36、prising and pleasing.AinfluencesBeffortsCachievementsDprogresses【答案】C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国人在太空取得的成就令人惊讶和高兴。A. influences影响；B. efforts努力；C. achievements成就；D. progresses进步。根据“the Chinese have made in space ”可知，此处是指在太空取得的成就。故选C。11The rain came so suddenly that _ I could find a _ to hide, it had begun pour

37、ingAafter, reserveBbefore, reserveCafter, shelterDbefore, shelter【答案】D【详解】考查时间状语从句及名词词义辨析。句意：雨下得太突然了，我还没找到避雨的地方，雨就下起来了。根据语境可知此处指还没来得及找遮蔽物就下雨了，before引导时间状语从句，意为：在之前；还没来得及；之后，故第一个空填before。第二空前是冠词a，故空格填名词，由常识可知下雨时要避雨，故要找遮蔽物， shelter，名词，意为： 庇护；避难所；遮盖物。after：在之后；reserve：储备（量）；自然保护区。故选D。12Both newspapers

38、gave accurate_ of what had happened at the crime scene.AcontributionBexhibitionCaccountsDattempt【答案】C【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：两家报纸都准确地描述了犯罪现场所发生的事情。A.contribution贡献；B.exhibition展览；C.accounts描述；D.attempt尝试。根据“what had happened at the crime scene”可知，此处是指描述发生的事情。故选C。13It was a pure _ that Julia and I toured the U

39、niversity of Oxford on the same day.AregistrationBcoincidenceCachievementDcomplexity【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和茱莉亚在同一天参观了牛津大学，这纯粹是巧合。A. registration注册；B. coincidence巧合；C. achievement成就；D. complexity复杂性。根据后文的the same day，此处想表达巧合。故选B项。14Nobody can enter the area without_.AextinctionBpermissionCpresentatio

40、nDinfection【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：未经允许，任何人不得进入本区域。A. extinction熄灭，灭绝；B. permission允许；C. presentation提交，颁发；D. infection传染，影响。根据“Nobody can enter the area”和常识可知，没得到允许，是不能进入这个区域的。故选B。15The city of Suihua is developing fast and a high-speed railway is currently under_.AcontrolBattackCdiscussionDconstructi

41、on【答案】D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：绥化市发展迅速，一条高速铁路正在建设中。A.control 控制；B.attack 袭击；C.discussion讨论； D.construction建设。根据语境可知此处指高速铁路正在建设当中。under construction意为：在建造中；正在施工之中。故选D。16At the meeting they discussed three different _ to the study of math.AapproachesBmethodsCmeansDways【答案】A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在会上讨论了研究数学的三种不同方法。

42、A. approaches方法，指处理问题的具体方法，步骤，后跟介词to，构成the approach to“的方法”；B. methods方法，指有条理的，系统的办法，常用短语the method of doing“的方法，途径”；C. means 方法，指实现目的的任何手段，或使用某种交通工具的方式，常用短语by means of“用/靠 的手段/方法”；D. ways方法，前面常加介词in，后面跟to 的话，to是动词不定式的符号。根据后文“to the study of math”可知此处指处理问题的具体方法，应用短语approach to。故选A。17The signing of t

43、his agreement will case the international _, which might bring an end to conflicts between countries.AtensionBpowerCdefenseDbehavior【答案】A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项协议的签署将使可能结束国家间冲突的国际紧张局势得到缓解。A. tension紧张；B. power力量；C. defense防御；D. behavior举止。根据下文“which might bring an end to conflicts between countries”可知，此处

44、表示将会使国际的紧张局势结束。故选A。18Have you heard from Mary?Not yet. We did not receive any news during her long _.AabsenceBarrangementCprofessionDpresentation【答案】A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你收到玛丽的信了吗？还没有。她长期不在期间，我们没有收到任何消息。A. absence缺席、不在；B. arrangement安排；C. profession职业；D. presentation提交。由上文的“Have you heard from Mary?”可知，

45、说话一方问有收到玛丽的来信吗，说明玛丽目前不在他们身边，名词absence符合句意。故选A项。19Learning English well requires more time and_.AconditionBfortuneCfreedomDeffort【答案】D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：学好英语需要付出更多的时间和努力。A. condition条件，状况；B. fortune运气，财富；C. freedom自由；D. effort努力。结合句意，说学好英语这个事儿，是需要努力的。条件，运气，自由都不是必要条件。故选D项。20He was presented with a TV set

46、 in_for his kindness.AawardBreturnCprizeDresult【答案】B【详解】考查名词。句意：作为对他好意的回报，他得到了一台电视机。A. award奖品；B. return返回；C. prize奖金；D. result结果。in return for作为对的回报。根据“He was presented with a TV set”可知，电视机是作为对他好意的回报。故选B。21Our main _behind buying European stocks has been the drop in the euro which makes exports fro

47、m European countries more competitive.AargumentBfactorCdiscoveryDcapability【答案】A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们买欧洲股票的主要理由是欧元的下跌，这使得欧洲各国出口更具有竞争力。A.argument 理由；论据；B.factor 因素； C.discovery发现； D.capability能力。该空所选名词在句中作主语，根据下文“欧元下跌使欧洲出口贸易更有竞争力”是“购买欧洲股票的理由”。故选A项。22Universal _ to education is the ability of all people

48、to have equal opportunity in education, regardless of their social class, ethnicity, background or physical disabilities.AapplicationBaccessCadmissionDattempt【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：普及教育是所有人都有平等的受教育机会的能力，不论其社会阶层、种族、背景或身体残疾。A. application申请；B. access通道、入径、(使用或见到的)机会/权利；C. admission准许加入；D. attempt尝试。由句意可

49、知，此处指“受教育的机会”，access to.（使用的机会/权利）。故选B项。23Walking after supper is of_ to your health.AbenefitBbenefitsCbeneficialDbeneficially【答案】A【详解】考查名词。句意：晚饭后散步对你的健康有益。分析可知，“be of+抽象名词=be+(对应)形容词”，说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。结合空前“is of”可知，选项A“benefit”为抽象名词，意为“益处”，符合分析和语境。故选A项。24Well never forget the Zhong Nanshan has made

50、to the fight against COVID-19.AprogressBdonationsCcontributionsDefforts【答案】C【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我们永远也不会忘记钟南山在抗击新冠肺炎中所作出的巨大贡献。A. progress进步；B. donations捐赠；C. contributions贡献；D. efforts努力。根据句意，此处是短语 make contributions to“对做贡献”。故选C。25The village is far away from here indeed. Its _ walk.Aa four hourBa four ho

51、ursCa four-hoursDa four hours【答案】D【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：这个村子确实离这儿很远。步行要四个小时。s属格除了用在表示有生命的东西（人或物）的名词后，有时还用于某些无生命的名词（如表示时间的名词）后，一般是在名词词尾加s，如果该名词词尾已有-s或-es，则是在其后加“”。故选D。26It seems unlikely that restoration of the clocks will ever be complete. This is a(an) _ against time that can never be won.AmatchBgameCaggr

52、essionDrace【答案】D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：时钟的修复似乎不太可能完成。这是一场永远赢不了的与时间的赛跑。A. match比赛，竞赛；B. game（有规则的）游戏，运动，比赛项目；C. aggression侵略，进攻；D. race赛跑，速度竞赛。结合语境可知，空处应是“比赛”含义。选项A“match”常指体育代表团之间的较重大的公开赛；一般指竞技比赛。选项B“game”主要指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则，凡参加者均需遵守；可以是体力方面的，也可以是脑力方面的。选项D“race”指赛跑；速度方面的比赛。由此可知，选项D“race”符合语境搭配。“a race again

53、st time”，固定短语，意为“和时间赛跑；抢时间；争分夺秒”。故选D项。27It turned out that the rabbits developed a(an) _ to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again.AappetiteBexposureCcommitmentDimmunity【答案】D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果证明，兔子对病毒产生了免疫力，它们的数量再次暴增。A. appetite食欲，胃口；B. exposure曝光，暴露；C. commitment承诺，保证D. immunity免疫力。根据语境“t

54、heir numbers exploded once again”可知，“它们（兔子）的数量再次暴增”是因为兔子对病毒产生了“免疫力”，结合选项，故选D。28The newly elected presidents decision represents a significant _ from previous policy.AdesperationBdepartureCdistributionDdiversity【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：新当选的总统的决定与以前的政策大相径庭。A. desperation绝望；B. departure背离、违反；C. distributio

55、n分配；D. diversity多样性。根据句意可知，此处指新总统的决定和以前的政策相背离。故选B项。29My first _ of him was that he was a kind young man.AexpressionBattentionCsatisfactionDimpression【答案】D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对他的第一印象是他是一个善良的年轻人。A. expression表情；B. attention注意；C. satisfaction满足；D. impression印象。根据句意可知，此处表示“第一印象”，所以用名词impression。故选D项。30To t

56、heir _, their students narrowly escaped from the shaking building.ArelaxationBbeliefCreliefDregulation【答案】C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他们欣慰的是，他们的学生从摇晃的建筑物中侥幸逃脱。A. relaxation放松；B. belief信仰；C. relief（不快过后的）轻松；D. regulation规则。结合“学生从摇晃的建筑物中侥幸逃脱”，可得出是松了一口气，to ones relief（松了一口气，如释重负）。故选C项。31Seeing the happy scene of

57、 children playing in the park, Im full of joy and _for the future of our country.AconscienceBcautionCconfidenceDcourage【答案】C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到孩子们在公园里玩耍的快乐场景，我对我们国家的未来充满了喜悦和信心。A. conscience良心；B. caution谨慎；C. confidence信心；D. courage勇气。根据前文的happy scene和joy，此处是表示对未来充满了信心，C项符合句意，故选C项。32When you are trave

58、ling abroad, it is important to follow the _of the country you are visiting.AcourseBcultureCcustomDcivilization【答案】C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你在国外旅行时，遵循你所访问国家的风俗习惯是很重要的。A. course课程；B. culturea文化；C. custom风俗；D. civilization文明。前文说到了去国外，此处应该是遵循国外的风俗习惯，C项符合句意，故选C项。33The head teacher would take Marys recent illne

59、ss into _when marking her exams.AconcernBconsiderationCconstitutionDthought【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在给玛丽的考试评分时，班主任会考虑到她最近生病的情况。A. concern担心；B. consideration考虑；C. constitution宪法；D. thought想法。根据上文“The head teacher would take Marys recent illness into”可知表示“考虑某事；将某事考虑进去”短语为take sth. into consideration。故选B。3

60、4Refusal to _is the major obstacle (障碍) for the two parties in further peace talks.AconflictBconceptCcommitmentDcompromise【答案】D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：拒绝妥协是双方继续和谈的主要障碍。A. conflict斗争；B. concept概念；C. commitment承诺；D. compromise妥协。根据后文提到的障碍，可知此处是拒绝妥协，D项符合句意，故选D项。35It was a pure _that she was born on her fathers

61、 birthday.AchanceBaccidentCconsequenceDcoincidence【答案】D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：很巧她和她爸爸同一天生日。A.chance 机会；Baccident事故； C.consequence 结果；Dcoincidence巧合。根据句意可知，她和爸爸同一天生日是一种巧合。故选D选项。36Typing is considered by most employers to be a basic _.AcontributionBcongratulationCcompetenceDcommand【答案】C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：打字被大多数

62、雇主认为是一项基本能力。A. contribution贡献；B. congratulation 祝贺；C. competence能力；D. command命令。打字是一种能力，C项符合句意，故选C项。37They hand down the _ from generation to generation to keep their way of life alive.ApensionBcustomCheritageDjewellery【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们把这种习俗一代一代传下来，以保持他们的生活方式。A. pension养老金；B. custom习俗；C. herit

63、age遗产；D. jewellery珠宝。根据后文“to keep their way of life alive”可知，此处指，传承习俗，保持生活方式，故选custom，作介词down的宾语。故选B项。38An increase in cars has resulted in the _ of public transport.AboomBdeclineCdeadlineDabsence【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：汽车的增加导致了公共交通的减少。A. boom激增；B. decline减少；C. deadline最后期限；D. absence缺席。根据前文“An increas

64、e in cars”句意并结合常识可知，汽车的增加导致了公共交通的减少，故应使用名词decline，作介词in的宾语。故选B项。39It was a difficult job for him. He had tried everything but it made little _.AuseBeffectCdifferenceDresult【答案】C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对他来说是一项艰巨的工作。他什么都试过了，但没有什么改变。A. use用处；B. effect效果；C. difference不同；D. result结果。根据but表示转折，可知他没有改变什么。make lit

65、tle difference表示有无影响，符合句意，故选C项。40Having a thorough physical examination regularly helps to check for disease that may not have any_ at first.AsymptomBsignalCsymbolDsimilarity【答案】A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：定期进行全面的身体检查有助于查出最初可能没有任何症状的疾病。A. symptom症状；B. signal信号；C. symbol符号；D. similarity相似性。根据“Having a thorough

66、physical examination regularly”可知，定期检查身体有助于查出最初可能没有症状的疾病。故选A。三、真题实战演练（语法填空）1、（2021全国高考八省联考）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 63 （marry）ceremony in 1842. 【解析】考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此

67、处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。2、 （2021全国高考甲卷真题）After 59 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,【解析】考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故

68、填spending。3、（2021全国高考甲卷真题）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 64 (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.【解析】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名

69、词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。4、（2021全国高考乙卷真题） and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 57 (develop) of the local areas. 【解析】考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。5、（2021全国高考乙卷真题）

70、because of its unique biodiversity.64 (activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.【解析】考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。6、 （2021新高考高考I卷真题）The rolling sea of c

71、louds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 63 (human) are.【解析】考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。7、 （2021浙江高考真题）It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人

72、的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格persons。故填persons。8、 (2020年海南高考） Also, technological know-how has become a53 （require）for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most54 （profession）【解析】考查名词。句意：此外，在日益数字化的世界中，

73、技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件，因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。动词become后接名词作宾语，根据前面的不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。故填requirement。【解析】考查名词的数。句意：此外，在日益数字化的世界中，技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件，因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。名词profession为可数名词，根据前面的most修饰可知用复数形式。故填professions。9、 （2020年北京高考）Now, lots of27 (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such ba

74、gs to stop people using them.【解析】考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。10、 （2020年全国高考）Historical 69 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。11、（2020年浙江高考）Later，they learned to

75、work with the 63 (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas【解析】考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。11、 （2020年全国高考）Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.【解析】.考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故

76、填curiosity。12、 （2020年全国高考）The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。13、 （2020年全国高考）Chinese New Year is a 61 (ce

77、lebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。14、 （2020年浙江高考）For Japan, the58 (number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050【解析】考查名词的数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式，故填numbers。15、 （2019年北京高考）No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various 27 (activity) on Earth Day. 【解析】考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。