2022版高中英语人教版（浙江专用）一轮学案：选修8 UNIT 2 CLONING WORD版含解析.doc

1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 2Cloning. 细品味经典文章(2020浙江高考)Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests. R

2、esearchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to

3、 take the same sorts of tests. Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激) , demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive (认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even aft

4、er the scientists accounted for the participants overall health status. “This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like youre in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at worksure, you will feel tired,

5、but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”Its not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiters job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a

6、 family household requires high-level planning and coordinating (协调), ” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ”Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons including other environmental influences or genetic

7、 factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help. . 按要求完成任务1. 写出文章中与本单元话题有关的单词和短语。analytical thinking, mentally stimulating, cognitive, physical exercise, multitasking, high-level, genetic, challenge2. 写出文章中的优美句式。Challenging work that requires lots

8、of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age. . . Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help. 重点单词巧记. 核心单词1. exactadj. 精确的; 准确的2. twinn. 双胞胎之一; 孪生儿之一adj. 成对的; 成双的3. identicaladj. 同一的; 一模一样的4. c

9、ommercialadj. 商业的; 贸易的5. proceduren. 程序; 步骤; 手续6. castvt. (cast, cast) 扔; 投; 掷7. altogetheradv. 总共; 完全地8. impactn. 撞击; 冲击; 巨大的影响9. mediumn. (pl. media)媒介; 手段; 工具10. obtainvt. 获得; 赢得11. attainvt. 获得; 到达(水平、年龄、状况等)12. moraladj. 道德(上)的; 伦理的13. constitutionn. 宪法; 章程14. operan. 歌剧; 歌剧团; 歌剧院15. chorusn. 合

10、唱; 合唱队16. flourn. 面粉17. owevt. 欠(账、钱、人情等); 归功于18. bothervt. 打扰vi. 操心n. 烦扰19. initialadj. 最初的; 开始的20. merelyadv. 仅; 只; 不过21. restorevt. 恢复; 使恢复原状; 重建22. turkeyn. 火鸡23. hatchvt. &vi. 孵出; 孵卵; 孵化. 拓展单词1. differ vi. 不同; 相异different adj. 不同的difference n. 不同; 差异2. object vi. 反对; 不赞成objection n. 不赞成, 反对; 异议

11、objective adj. 客观的; 基于事实的3. conserve v. 保护conservative adj. 保守的; 守旧的conservation n. 保护; 保存4. accumulate vt. &vi. 积累; 聚积accumulation n. 积累; 累积; 堆积物5. retire vi. 退休; 离开retirement n. 退休; 离开6. assume vt. 假定; 设想assumption n. 假定; 设想7. resist vt. 抵抗; 对抗resistance n. 抵抗; 阻力; 抵抗力; 电阻resistant adj. 反抗的; 有抵抗力的

12、8. reason n. 原因; 理由reasonable adj. 合情理的; 讲道理的; 公道的核心短语闪记1. pay off得到好结果; 取得成功; 偿清2. cast down使失望; 使沮丧3. in favour of赞成; 支持4. (be) bound to (do). . . 一定或注定(做)5. strike. . . into ones heart使刻骨铭心6. from time to time不时, 偶尔7. bring back to life使复生; 使复活8. in vain白费力气; 枉费心机9. in good/poor condition状况很好(坏);

13、 情况很好(坏)经典句式速记1. 【句型公式】: while作并列连词, 表示对比Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated(而克隆动物却很复杂). 2. 【句型公式】: that引导的同位语从句Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill(多莉病情加重). 3. 【句型公式】: that引导的表语从句The advantage is that(优点是) if there is a new illnes

14、s some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 4. 【句型公式】: 过去分词作状语Based on what we know now(根据我们现在所知道的), you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10, 000 years. 1. “in+n. +of ” 短语全接触in favour of赞成; 支持i

15、n memory of为了纪念in search of寻找in honour of为了纪念in view of鉴于; 由于2. “完全地”完全掌握 altogether总共; 完全地entirely彻底地, 完全地completely完全地; 圆满地, 全面地totally完全地; 总共wholly 完全地. 重点词汇1. object vi. 反对; 不赞成n. 目标, 目的; 物体【教材原句】On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the medi

16、a and public imagination. (P12)另一方面, 多莉的出现引起了强烈的反对, 并对媒体和公众的想象力产生了很大的影响。【词块必记】(1)object to sb. /sth. 反对; 不赞成object to (sb. s) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事(2)objection n. 不赞成; 反对; 异议have/raise/make an objection to/against (doing) sth. 对(做)某事表示反对(3)objective adj. 客观的; 无偏见的; 真实的; 宾格的【语境速测】 单句语法填空It is reported

17、 that a great many people object to retiring(retire) too late. He resisted the new rule while his wife made no objection(object) to it. Its hard to give an objective(object) opinion about your own children. Sometimes, some students object to the idea that English classes are taught in English. 句型转换R

18、obson strongly objected to the terms of the contract. Robson made/had/raised a strong objection to the terms of the contract. 2. forbid vt. (forbade, forbad, forbidden) 禁止; 不准【典型例句】2019 witnessed the strictest ever policy in China that forbids smoking. 2019 年中国出台了有史以来最严厉的禁烟政策。【词块必记】(1)forbid doing s

19、th. 禁止做某事forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事(2)forbidden adj. 禁止的; 不准的Its forbidden to do sth. 做某事是禁止的。【知识拓展】forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语, 但可直接跟动名词作宾语, 也可用forbid sb. to do sth. 形式, 有类似用法的单词还有: allow, permit, advise等。【语境速测】 单句语法填空Each visitor is forbidden to place(place) their lug

20、gage in the meeting room. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. It is high time that we forbade setting(set) off fireworks in urban areas! 句式升级We are forbidden to play on the lawn belonging to him. (用it作形式主语改写)Its forbidden for us to play on

21、the lawn belonging to him. 【写作金句】I think it necessary to forbid shops and supermarkets from offering free plastic shopping bags. 我认为禁止商店和超市提供免费的塑料购物袋是必要的。3. owe v. 欠(账、钱、人情等); 归功于【典型例句】Only after my friend told me the truth did I know I had misunderstood you, so I think I owe you a sincere apology.

22、我朋友告诉我真相后, 我才知道我误会你了, 因此我觉得我还欠你一声真诚的抱歉。【词块必记】(1)owe sb. sth. =owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物; 把归功于owe it to sb. that. . . /to do. . . 把归功于某人(2)owing to由于【语境速测】 单句语法填空My English teacher is such a great soul, to whom I owe many thanks. We owe it to you to complete(complete) this job, so we hope you make effort

23、s to help us. Owing(owe) to bad weather, this mornings flight will be delayed. I owe it to you that I have made great progress in my English. I owed(owe)my English teacher an apology and felt nervous each time I saw her. 4. strike vt. &vi. 打; 罢工; (时钟等)敲响, 报(时); 擦(火柴); 撞击; 侵袭; 给(某人以)印象; 突然想起; 猛然发现n.

24、罢工; 打击 【教材原句】The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts. (P15)在侏罗纪公园这部影片中, 有一位科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙。类似这样的电影很受欢迎, 证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。【词块必记】(1)be struck with/b

25、y被所袭击(感动)被打动/迷住了It strikes sb. that. . . 某人觉得; 某人突然想起sth. strike(s) sb. (=sb. strike(s) on sth. )某人想到strike . . . into ones heart使刻骨铭心(2)be on strike在罢工go on strike举行罢工(3)striking adj. 显著的; 突出的; 惹人注目的【巧学助记】 表示“突然想起”的句式还有: sb. think(s) suddenly that. . . It occurs to sb. that. . . It hits sb. that. .

26、 . 【语境速测】 写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语意思The clock has already struck 10 and its time that we left for Beijing. (钟)敲响)He hit me, so I struck him back. (打)The matches were damp and he couldnt make them strike. (擦(火柴)The government has promised that the army will be called in to help if there is a firemens strike. (

27、罢工)The first thing that struck me was the fact that there were no other women present. (猛然发现)单句语法填空Struck(strike) by the beauty of the West Lake, we stopped to admire the beautiful scenery. Just before September, Miller was struck(strike) by a car and lost his right arm. There was something so strik

28、ing(strike) about it that I returned time and again to look at it. 【写作金句】Mount Tai has struck its beauty into my heart; as a result, it strikes me that I will visit it again. 泰山的美让我感到刻骨铭心, 因此我觉得我会再次游览泰山。5. bother v. 打扰; 操心 n. U烦扰; 麻烦; 困难; C麻烦的事; 讨厌的人【典型例句】You should keep your mind on the task, and n

29、ot bother about personal gains or losses. 你应该把心思放在工作上, 不要患得患失。【词块必记】bother to do sth. 操心/费心做某事bother doing sth. 费心做某事bother sb. with/about sth. 用某事打扰某人bother sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事It bothers/bothered sb. that/to do. . . 使某人烦恼的是【语境速测】 单句语法填空I dont want to bother her with/about my problems at the mome

30、nt. He is always bothering me to lend(lend) him money. 完成句子Did you have much bother/ trouble/difficulty (in) finding the house? 你找到这所房子费劲吗? 【写作金句】I am terribly sorry to bother you with my problem, but I will really appreciate it if you can give me some advice. 我很抱歉因为我的问题打扰你, 但是如果你能给我一些建议, 我会非常感激。. 核

31、心短语6. pay off得到好结果; 取得成功; 偿清; (付清工资后)解雇【典型例句】Happiness is achieved through hard work, and we firmly believe any hard work will pay off. 幸福都是奋斗出来的, 我们坚信任何努力都会有回报。【词块必记】pay back偿还; 报复; 回报pay for花钱买; 付出代价pay a visit to参观; 拜访pay attention to注意; 留心【误区释疑】pay off表示“得到好结果; 取得成功”时是不及物动词短语, 不用于被动语态。【语境速测】 写出下

32、列句子中黑体部分的汉语意思It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan. (还清)Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off. (得到回报; 取得成功)Over 1, 000 workers will be paid off if this factory closes. (付清工资后)解雇)【写作金句】As a proverb goes, where there is a will, there is a way. Our

33、efforts will pay off sooner or later. 正如谚语所说, 有志者事竟成。我们的努力早晚会得到回报。【备选要点】1. differ vi. 不同; 相异; 意见相左【典型例句】Customs differ in different countries and those of China often reflect Chinese moral values about nature and people. 习俗因国家不同而不同, 中国的习俗常常反映了中国人对自然和人的道德价值观。【词块必记】(1)differ from不同于; 和不同differ in在方面不同

34、differ with sb. on/about/over sth. 在某事上和某人有分歧/异议(2)difference n. 不同之处make a difference有影响, 起重要作用tell the difference between A and B分清A和B(3)different adj. 不同的be different from. . . in. . . 在方面与不同【语境速测】 单句语法填空He is in favour of the opinion that French differs from English in this respect. People diffe

35、r in their attitudes towards failure. Faced with it, some of them can stand up to it. Tuition differs(differ) dramatically from school to school in western countries. 一句多译英式英语和美式英语在单词的发音和拼写方面有明显的区别。British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling. (differ)British

36、 English is obviously different from American English in pronunciation and spelling. (different)There are obvious differences between British English and American English in pronunciation and spelling. (difference)2. in good/poor condition状况很好(坏); 情况很好(坏)【典型例句】On condition that we use these ratings

37、properly, they will benefit us in many ways. 只要我们恰当使用这些排名, 它们在很多方面对我们是有利的。【词块必记】out of condition健康状况欠佳on condition that. . . 在条件下; 倘若on no condition一点也不; 决不(放在句首时, 句子用部分倒装语序)working/living/studying conditions工作/生活/学习环境【语境速测】 单句语法填空You can keep the books for about three weeks on condition that you pr

38、eserve them well. The majority of the old people in the centre are in good condition. He said he was out of condition and was unable to take part in the sports meeting. 句式升级You should tell him what has happened on no condition. (改为倒装句)On no condition should you tell him what has happened. 3. The adv

39、antage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. (P15)其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病, 这些动物中的一些可能会死掉, 但是另外一些却能存活下来, 并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。【句型公式】(1)that引导表语从句时, 在句中无词义, 只起连接作用, 但通常不能省略。(2)what, where, how, wh

40、y, because等也可引导表语从句。(3)另外, that还可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句等。【语境速测】 单句语法填空Apparently, the problem is that the girl lacks confidence while expressing herself. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home. This is what my father has taught meto a

41、lways face difficulties and hope for the best. . 单句语法填空1. (2020江苏高考)The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered(bother) me. 2. (2020浙江高考) I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects (object)and transform them into something new and useful. 3. (2020江苏高考)The implicatio

42、n of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first. 4. (2020浙江高考)That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection (十字路口) signals that can adjust

43、in real time to traffic conditions(condition). 5. (2019全国卷)The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying (pay) off. . 完成句子1. Thanks for sticking up for me, I owe you a favour. 谢谢你支持我, 我欠你一个人情。2. What bothers me most is the

44、 fact that he seems to take no interest in his work. 最使我伤脑筋的是, 他似乎对自己的工作毫无兴趣。3. Since retiring from the company, she has done voluntary work for a charity. 自从从公司退休后, 她在慈善机构做志愿者工作。4. He always manages to obtain what he wants. 他总是设法得到他想要的东西。5. Although working out is beneficial to our health, I feel a

45、 strong objection to getting up early. 虽然锻炼身体有益于健康, 但我还是不愿意早起。. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)Mr White owns a company that is 1. different(differ) from others. It forbids its employees 2. to work(work) extra hours. Mr White, 3. the boss of the company, objects to 4. bothering(bother) his employees after work, wh

46、ich 5. strikes(strike) everyone. Meanwhile, Mr White is a 6. successful(success) businessman. He often owes his success 7. to hard work and says, “If you want to succeed, work hard. Every effort will 8. surely(sure) pay off. ”9. What he says inspires all the employees to do 10. their(they) best. 关闭Word文档返回原板块