2022版高考外研版英语一轮学案：语法专项突破 专题三 第二讲　冠词 WORD版含解析.doc

1、第二讲冠词单句语法填空1(2020高考全国卷)The plum trees are first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化)They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.解析：考查冠词。the first to do sth.“第一个做某事的”，不定式短语作后置定语。答案：the2(2020新高考全国卷)Each volume in the set explores wide range of material，explains the basic concepts

2、of major applications of digital systems，and discusses the influences they have on everyday life.解析：考查冠词。句意：系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料，解释了数字系统的主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响。a range of一套；一系列。wide是以辅音音素发音开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。答案：a3(2019高考全国卷)Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six are stable

3、，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.解析：考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群，故用定冠词the。答案：the单句改错1(2020高考全国卷)For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple. 解析：考查冠词。此处表示每天都喝一碗鸡蛋汤，表泛指，需将定冠词the改为不定冠词a。答案：thea2(2019高考全国卷)Each of my cafes will have a different them

4、e and an unique style. 解析：考查冠词。unique是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，其前用a。答案：ana不定冠词a，an的用法(一)不定冠词的用法(八个“一”)泛指“一”(one)I met a friend of yours today as I hurried off to work.“每一”(per)Prices start at $13.95 a yard for printed cotton.“同一”(the same)They happen to be of an age and wear clothes of a color.“一类”(复数名词)A virus

5、 is a very small living thing that causes disease.“任一”(any)What he needs is a book.“某一”(a certain)I remember he came here on a Sunday and left soon.“一个/场/次/件”(抽象名词)Tony is a famous pianist.Im absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success.“一种/份/阵”(物质名词)What a heavy rain！A coffee i

6、s enough.1.用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前，表示泛指My friend John is a handsome young man，a young man everyone likes to work with.我的朋友约翰是一个英俊的年轻人，一个人人都喜欢与之共事的年轻人。2用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”He missed the gold medal in the high jump，but he will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有一次机会。3用在形容词的比较等级前，表示“一个更的”

7、If we sit near the front of the bus，well have a better view.如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，视野就会更好些。4“a most形容词”表示“很，非常”，most在此不表示最高级含义，相当于very，而“themost多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式，表示“最”Ne Zha is a most interesting cartoon film.哪吒是一部非常有趣的卡通电影。Ne Zha is the most interesting cartoon film that I have ever seen.哪吒是我看过的最有趣的卡通电影。

8、特别提醒判断用a还是an的依据是紧跟不定冠词的词的第一个音素是不是元音音素，而不是第一个字母。如：a university student一个大学生a European writer 一个欧洲作家an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩(二)不定冠词的固定搭配as a result 因此，结果 as a rule 通常as a whole 大体上 as a matter of fact 事实上at a loss 不知所措 in a hurry 匆忙 in a word 总之 in a sense 在某种意义上 in a way 在某种程度上 in a short while 不久keep a

9、n eye on 照看，留意 pay a visit to 拜访put an end to 结束 once in a while 偶尔once upon a time 从前 all of a sudden 突然be on a diet 节食 have a gift for 在某方面有天赋have/catch a cold 感冒 make a living 谋生have/take a rest 休息 give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车定冠词the的用法(一)定冠词的基本用法1特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物I went to a university in New Zealand.T

10、he university was founded in the early twentieth century.我在新西兰的一所大学就读，这所大学建于20世纪初。2用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only，very，same等之前Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中国，杨利伟是第一个进入太空的人。Now，years later，this river is one of the most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.在数年之后的现在，

11、这条河成为环境治理的最突出的范例之一。3用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用于整十的数词复数前，表示某个年代As is well known to us all，the Second World War broke out in the thirties.众所周知，第二次世界大战爆发于30年代。4用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇俩The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫妇曾住在我们楼上的公寓里。5用于世界上独一无二的事物前No one knows exactly how the moon came into existence，a

12、s it happened so long ago.没有人确切知道月球是怎样形成的，因为这发生在很久以前。6用在“bythe单位计量词”中I hired the car by the hour.我按小时租了车。7用于固定结构“动词sb.介词the身体部位”The police caught the thief by the arm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。(二)定冠词的固定搭配make the most/best of 充分利用 in the end 最后by the way 顺便说一下 in the distance 在远处in the way 挡道 on the whole 总的来说at t

13、he same time 同时 on the other hand 另一方面to tell the truth 说实话 for the time being 暂时on the spot 在现场 not in the least 一点也不the other day 前几天 take the place of 代替at the moment 此刻，目前 to the point 中肯，切题in the middle of 在中间 all the best 一切顺利零冠词的用法(一)零冠词的基本用法1表示泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前Keeping a diary is a good habit，by

14、 which youll make great progress.记日记是一个可以让你取得巨大进步的好习惯。Telephones are still playing an important role in peoples life.电话在人们的生活中仍然起着重要的作用。2表示月、季、星期、节假日、洲、三餐、球类、学科、棋类等名词前A year can be divided into four seasonsspring，summer，autumn and winter.一年可以分为四季春、夏、秋、冬。3与by连用的表示交通工具、通信工具的名词前Are you going there by p

15、lane or by ship?你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？4表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得斯彭斯博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”5as/though引导让步状语从句，单数名词提前时，其前不加冠词Child as he is，he knows a lot about Chinese history.他虽

16、然是个孩子，但他对中国历史了解很多。(二)零冠词的固定搭配at dawn 在黎明 at war 交战by chance 碰巧 by weight 按重量计算catch fire 着火 come into power 当权come to light 为人所知 face to face 面对面hand in hand 手拉手 in debt 负债make room for 让位；让出空间 on purpose 故意地out of date 过时的 out of order 有毛病，出故障out of control 失去控制 under repair 在修理中有无定冠词，意义各不同名词前无冠词的搭

17、配名词前有冠词的搭配sit at table坐在桌旁吃饭sit at the table坐在桌旁(不一定在吃饭)at school在上学at the school在学校(不一定是上学)by sea乘船；经海路by the sea在海边in front of在(外部的)前面in the front of在(内部的)前面out of question没问题out of the question不可能in possession of拥有in the possession of为某人所拥有by day在白天by the day按天计算in charge of掌管in the charge of在的掌管

18、下take place发生take the place of代替冠词确定“三步法”第一步：语法填空中，若“(形容词)名词”前没有其他限定词时，很可能就是填冠词。 第二步：判断空格后的名词是可数还是不可数。若是可数名词，是单数还是复数。第三步：根据语境或语法结构确定是泛指还是特指。复数名词或不可数名词表泛指，其前不加任何冠词；单数可数名词表泛指时其前需要加不定冠词，表特指要用定冠词the；名词后有of短语、不定式或定语从句等，一般用定冠词。语法填空典例1 village where I was born has grown into town.分析：由句子结构可知，village后有定语从句wh

19、ere I was born修饰，故第一空为特指，用定冠词The；由句意可知，我出生的小村庄已经发展成了一个小镇，故第二空为泛指，且town以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a，表示“一个”。语法填空典例2From the aspects of culture and history，the Great Wall is ancient masterpiece that you can fully enjoy.分析：ancient masterpiece前没有其他限定词，因此确定填冠词；此处表示“一个古老的杰作”，表示泛指，确定用不定冠词；ancient为以元音音素开头的词，因此填an。单句改错典例

20、One Monday afternoon，we were playing basketball on playground when I suddenly slipped and fell over. 分析：根据语境可知，此句中的playground是一个特定的操场，故playground前加the。单句语法填空1As with all other national museums in the United Kingdom，it charges no admission fee.2Last year a journalist was instructed by a wellknown mag

21、azine to write an article on the presidents palace.3“Although its more possible for the chimpanzees to leave to the faster music，they did not show an actual preference for the slower classical music，” said Wallace.4I have known from Zhang Ming that from tiny street stands to large chains，an amazing

22、number of people accept mobile payment.5Venice，a small waterside city in northeast Italy，boils with happiness and excitement once every year.6It is an effort to focus attention on the fact that despite there being enough food globally，some 21，000 people die every day from hunger.7As a result，a few m

23、onths ago，he opened a nap cafe in the center of Americas capital city.8The wedding ceremony is usually hosted warmly and it often ends with a unique banquet.9Xu Jin was born in a medical family.Under the influence of his family，he chose his medical specialty without hesitation.10Four boys were takin

24、g a walk in the woods near Montmartre.单句改错1Encouraged by her，I overcame my fear and finally made successful attempt.successful前加a2Last Sunday，my family went for walk in a nearby park.walk前加a3During that time I was aimless person.aimless前加an4In my opinion，online voting is inseparable part of modern l

25、ife and should be welcomed.inseparable 前加an5As the result，their communication with people around them becomes less and less.thea.语法填空When you connect your computer by clicking Internet Explorer, you are connecting to the World Wide Web. The Web is composed of different Web sites, which 1. (create) b

26、y people and organizations around the world. You can 2. (easy) jump from one website to another.Thousands of computer enthusiasts find computer shows around the country so 3. (attract) that they buy parts, take them home and assemble (组装) their own computers.Mike Williams, who works as a continuing

27、education teacher 4. parttime support technician, finds it easy 5. (learn) enough to build your own PC. He learns 6. to do by reading books and computer magazines and checking out sites on the Internet about homebuilt PCs, and sites that answer 7. (question) for people doing it for the first time. T

28、his morning he went to a computer show looking for his latest project. He 8. (buy) the parts cheaper than the ones offered by Gateway on the Internet.These days, as compared to ten to fifteen years ago, the job of assembly is made 9. (simple) by producers of parts that are largely standardized. Even

29、 so, assembly ends up taking more than an hour. Then comes 10. time for a final check.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了电脑爱好者学习组装电脑的相关情况。1解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。which指代前面的Web sites，故谓语动词用复数，且which与谓语动词create是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。另外，本句是在陈述目前的事实，应使用一般现在时。答案：are created2解析：考查词性转换。所填的词修饰动词jump，所以用副词，故填easily。答案：easily3解析：考查词性转换。“f

30、indn.adj.”是固定句式，宾语补足语是形容词，故填attractive。答案：attractive4解析：考查连词。此处连接两个名词短语，是并列关系，所以填and。答案：and5解析：考查非谓语动词。由前面的finds it easy可知，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语。答案：to learn6解析：考查疑问词。此处是“疑问词to do”结构，疑问词作do的宾语，所以填what。答案：what7解析：考查名词的单复数。question是可数名词，前面没有限定词，所以此处应该用复数形式。答案：questions8解析：考查时态。由前句中的时间状语this morning及谓语动

31、词went可知，此处也应该用一般过去时。答案：bought9解析：考查比较级。根据compared to可知，此处应该用比较级，故填simpler。答案：simpler10解析：考查冠词。the time for为固定句式，意为“(做)的时候”，所以此处应填定冠词the。答案：the.短文改错There is a tradition in my family. On New Years Eve, all my relative will come to our house for a feast. As matter of fact, it isnt the food that bring u

32、s together but the sense of belonging does. Making dumplings was always great fun. We put a coin into one of the dumplings. Everybody expects to eat the one with the coin inside，because it is said whomever gets the coin will have a good fortune in the followed year. When my mom serves the dumplings,

33、 they help ourselves immediately, hoping to get the good luck of our entirely year. The coin never comes to me, and I am pretty sure of that the luck is always there.答案：There is a tradition in my family. On New Years Eve, all my will come to our house for a feast. As matter of fact, it isnt the food

34、 that us together but the sense of belonging does. Making dumplings always great fun. We put a coin into one of the dumplings. Everybody expects to eat the one with the coin inside，because it is said gets the coin will have a good fortune in the year. When my mom serves the dumplings, help ourselves immediately, hoping to get the good luck of our year. The coin never comes to me, I am pretty sure of that the luck is always there.