江苏专用2020高考英语二轮复习阅读理解组合练四.doc

1、阅读理解组合练(四)(限时30分钟)A(2019南京三模)Welcome to Fraser IslandYour adventure unfolds . Once departing Rainbow Beach we start from Inskip Point by vehicle ferry.Watch out for dolphins. Northward bound travel by 4WD (4 wheel drive) along the endless golden highway of 75 Mile Beach. Swim at crystal clear freshw

2、ater LAKE MCKENZIE famous for its turquoise colors and white sands.Delicious “Aussiestyle” sizzling bush BBQ with icy cold drinks. Primitive rainforest luxuriant canopy of palms and vines. Eli Creek time for a lazy dip. Shipwreck of the SS Maheno built in Scotland 1904 a permanent fixture to the Nor

3、thern Beach since1935. Intriguing Colored Sands formations part of this Worlds largest sand island. Remember this is a 4WD safari and may not be suitable if pregnant or if you have a bad back. Dress comfortably its not a fashion parade! Bring your swimmers and camera.Lunch MenuComplimentary cold dri

4、nks Prime 250g Rib Fillet SteakOR local award winning 100% beef sausages and onions OR Fish delicate white fillets withlemon, OR Vegetarian Burger special blend seasonalvegetablesGENERAL CONDITIONS：Tours may vary due to tidal or weather conditions.As we are a small company and prepare our own food,

5、cancellation fees have to apply.NOT RECOMMENDED FOR YOUNG CHILDREN.Codford Pty.Ltd.Trading as Fraser Island NatureToursABN 80 010 870 729语篇解读：本文是一篇广告，重点介绍了Fraser Island的一些特点和游客要享受的东西以及有关注意事项。1Which of the following is mentioned about Fraser Island? AConsiderable size and cheap souvenirs.BAuthentic f

6、ood and impressive scenery.CTarget visitors and modern architecture.DConvenient transportation and long history.解析：选B细节理解题。根据中间这一栏中的第三段到第五段提到了“LAKE MCKENZIE”“Delicious Aussie style”“Primitive rainforest”等，由此可见关于Fraser Island，提到了正宗的食物和令人印象深刻的风景。2According to the leaflet, visitors should _.Adress thei

7、r fashionable clothesBprovide a health certificateCpay extra money for cancellationDfollow the fixed trip plans解析：选C细节理解题。根据右栏偏下面的位置上的“As we are a small company and prepare our own food, cancellation fees have to apply.”可知取消是要付费的。B(2019扬、泰、南、淮、徐、宿、连三模)We are obsessed(迷恋) with ourselves.We study our

8、history, our psychology, our philosophy.Much of our knowledge revolves (使旋转) around humankind itself, as if we were the most important thing in the universe.But in the course of the centuries we have come to realize just how many wrong ideas weve had.We have learned of the existence of black holes,

9、waves of space, and of the extraordinary molecular structures in every cell of our bodies.The more we discover, the more we understand that what we dont yet know is greater than what we know.The more powerful our telescopes, the stranger and more unexpected are the heavens we see.The closer we look

10、at the minute detail of matter, the more we discover of its profound structure.In a famous story told by Plato in the seventh book of The Republic, some men are chained at the bottom of a dark cave and see only shadows cast upon a wall by a fire behind them.They think that this is reality.One of the

11、m frees himself, leaves the cave and discovers the light of the sun and the wider world.At first the light, to which his eyes are unaccustomed, stuns and confuses him.But eventually he can see and returns excitedly to his companions to tell them what he has seen.They find it hard to believe.We are a

12、ll in the depths of a cave, chained by our ignorance, our prejudices, and our weak senses reveal only shadows.If we try to see further, we are confused: we are unaccustomed.But we try.This is science.Scientific thinking explores and redraws the world, gradually offering us better and better images o

13、f it, teaching us to think in ever more effective ways.Its strength is its capacity to demolish (推翻) old ideas, to reveal new regions of reality, and to construct new, more effective images of the world.This adventure rests upon the entirety of past knowledge, but at its heart is change.The incomple

14、teness and the uncertainty of our knowledge, hung over the abyss (深渊) of what we dont know, does not make life meaningless: it makes it interesting and precious.语篇解读：本文主要告诉我们，我们对宇宙的了解还不够全面。不断去探索未知的世界，会使我们的生活变得更加充实而且有趣。3What does the author want to tell us in the first three paragraphs?AThe new disco

15、veries of the universe prove to be wrong.BMan has created splendid cultures in the course of centuries.COur knowledge of the universe is incomplete and uncertain.DThe existing technologies are enough for further exploration.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第一段到第三段的内容，特别是“. realize just how many wrong ideas weve had”“.

16、the more we understand that . is greater than what we know”这样的文字可以推断现阶段我们对宇宙的认识是不完整和不确定的。4The story told by Plato is meant to _.Amake us aware of the cruelty of realityBencourage us to explore the unknown worldCapplaud the heroic deeds of chasing freedomDjustify our ignorance and prejudice about the

17、 world解析：选B推理判断题。这个故事讲的是一个人离开洞穴看到太阳和广阔的世界，说的就是我们应该去探寻我们认知以外的世界。5What does the author want to stress in the passage?AExploring the universe makes our life meaningful.BLeaving things as they are makes our life perfect.CNew discoveries of the universe will cause confusion.DPast knowledge prevents us co

18、nstructing a new world.解析：选A推理判断题。通过阅读全文，尤其是最后一段可知作者要强调的是知道自己知识的不足，并不断去探索未知的世界，并不会使我们的生活变得索然无味，相反的是会使我们的生活变得有趣和珍贵。C(2019盐城三模)One day in 1995, a large, heavy middleaged man robbed two Pittsburgh banks in broad daylight.He didnt wear a mask and he smiled at surveillance cameras before walking out of e

19、ach bank.Later that night, police arrested a surprised McArthur Wheeler.When they showed him the surveillance tapes, Wheeler stared in disbelief.“But I wore the juice，” he mumbled.Apparently, Wheeler thought that rubbing lemon juice on his skin would make him invisible to videotape cameras.After all

20、, lemon juice is used as invisible ink so, as long as he didnt come near a heat source, he should have been completely invisible.The case caught the eye of the psychologist David Dunning at Cornell University, who enlisted his graduate student, Justin Kruger, to see what was going on.They reasoned t

21、hat, while almost everyone holds favourable views of their abilities in various social and intellectual fields, some people mistakenly assess their abilities as being much higher than they actually are.This “illusion of confidence” is now called the “DunningKruger effect”， and describes the cognitiv

22、e bias to inflate selfassessment.To investigate this phenomenon in the lab, Dunning and Kruger designed some clever experiments.In one study, they asked undergraduate students a series of questions about grammar, logic and jokes, and then asked each student to estimate his or her score overall, as w

23、ell as their relative rankings compared to the other students.Interestingly, students who scored the lowest in these cognitive tasks always overestimated how well they did by a lot.Students who scored in the bottom estimated that they had performed better than twothirds of the other students! Sure,

24、its typical for people to overestimate their abilities.The problem is that when people are incompetent, not only do they reach wrong conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but also they are robbed of the ability to realize their mistakes.In a semesterlong study of college students, good students

25、could better predict their performance on future exams given feedback about their scores and rankings.However, the poorest performers showed no recognition, despite clear and repeated feedback that they were doing badly.Instead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorrect ways, incompetent

26、people insist that their ways are correct.As Charles Darwin wrote in The Descent of Man (1871): “Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge.”Interestingly, really smart people also fail to accurately selfassess their abilities.As much as Dand Fgrade students overestimate their a

27、bilities, Agrade students underestimate theirs.The difference is that competent people can and do adjust their selfassessment given appropriate feedback, while incompetent individuals cannot.语篇解读：本文主要阐述了“邓宁克鲁格效应”。研究表明有能力的人会根据各方面的反馈来调整自己的思路，而无知的人往往看不到自己的不足，盲目自信，固执己见。6Which of the following statements

28、 about the DunningKruger effect is true?AThe effect is true for everyone in daily life.BIt suggests that most people lack cognitive abilities.CSome people are overconfident about their abilities.DThe conclusion is drawn based on a series of bank robberies.解析：选C细节理解题。 根据第二段的内容，特别是其中的“some people mist

29、akenly assess their abilities as being much higher than they actually are”以及“ .DunningKruger effect， and describes the cognitive bias to inflate selfassessment”可知，邓宁克鲁格效应指的是那些过度高估自己能力的，过度自信的人。7What do the college students behaviors mentioned in the experiments prove?AFeedback plays a significant rol

30、e in estimating ones ability.BIncompetent people have a rigid attitude towards their choice.CGood students can predict their future performance accurately.DPeople cant rely on their previous behavior to make adjustments.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Instead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorr

31、ect ways, incompetent people insist that their ways are correct.”可知，能力差的人不会去反思自己的不正确的方法，而是坚持他们的方法是正确的。所以说他们非常的固执。8The underlined word “begets” can be replaced by _.Agives rise toBtakes advantage ofCmakes up for Dbreaks away from解析：选A词义猜测题。引用查尔斯达尔文作品中的这句话，是对上面的研究结果进行归纳总结。上面的研究表明无知的人更加盲目地自信。所以这句话的意思是“

32、无知比知识更容易产生自信。”beget(give rise to)“产生”的意思。9What can we infer from the passage?AReal knowledge is knowing the extent of ones ignorance.BIt is difficult for people to evaluate their real competence.CIllusion of confidence is the major source of peoples failure.DThose with great abilities often have a l

33、ow opinion of themselves.解析：选A推理判断题。本文主要阐述了“邓宁克鲁格效应”。研究表明有能力的人会根据各方面的反馈来调整自己的思路，而无知的人往往看不到自己的不足，盲目自信，固执己见。所以真正的知识是了解一个人无知的程度。D(2019苏、锡、常、镇三模)Ive never seen the night nor seen a star; Ive seen neither spring nor fall nor winter.I was born at the end of the Reining Age (刹车时代), just as the Earths rotat

34、ion (旋转) was coming to a final stop.The Reining lasted for 42 years, three years longer than the Unity Government had planned.My mother once told me about the time our family witnessed the last sunset.The Sun had ever so slowly crept toward the horizon, almost as if it had stopped moving altogether.

35、In the end, it took three days and three nights to finally set.Naturally, that was the end of all “days” and all “nights”The Eastern Hemisphere (半球) was covered in weak light for a long time then, perhaps for a dozen years or so with the Sun hiding just beyond the horizon its rays reflected by half

36、of the sky.It was during that long sunset that I was born.Dusk did not mean darkness.The Northern Hemisphere was lit up by the Earth Engines.These giant engines had been raised all across Asia and North America; only the solid plates beneath those two continents could resist the great pushing forces

37、 they exerted.There were about 12,000 Earth Engines built and distributed across the Asian and American plains.From my home I could see the bright plasma plumes (等离子气柱) of several hundred Earth Engines.Just imagine a titanic palace, one as large as the Parthenon on the Acropolis.Now imagine countles

38、s titanic pillars rising from that palace, reaching to the heavens, each releasing brilliant, bluish white light like a titanic shining tube.And then there is you; you are a microbe on the palaces floor.This only begins to paint the picture of the world we lived in.This picture, however, is not yet

39、complete.In order to survive the melting temperature of the expanding sun, we have to push the Earth away from it.First, the Earth must be stopped from rotating.Only the forces acting tangentially (正切地) to the Earths rotation could slow it, so the Earth Engines had to be built to a specific angle.Th

40、ose gigantic pillars of light were leaning to that angle.Now imagine what that meant for our palace, with its pillars all leaning on the point of falling down! Many who came from the Southern Hemisphere went mad when suddenly seeing this awesome view.Worse than the view was the burning heat released

41、 by the Earth Engines.Outdoors the temperature was stuck at around 160 to 180 degrees, forcing us to wear special suits just to leave the house.The extremely high temperatures often brought pouring rains.It was always a terrifying scene when the beam of an Earth Engine cut through dark clouds.The cl

42、ouds scattered the brilliant, bluish white light of the beam, erupting it into endless rainbow light that covered the entire sky like white hot magma (岩浆)To my generation, born in the Northern Hemisphere, all of this was perfectly normal and natural, just like the Sun, stars and Moon had been to gen

43、erations before the Reining Age.We called the entire history of the human race that had come before us the PreSolar Age; what a fascinating and golden era that had truly been! The Reining Age left the earth with a horrifying result.The sea tides, quickened by the Earth Engines, had swallowed two out

44、 of every three cities in the Northern Hemisphere; then the global increase in temperatures melted the polar icecap, resulting in floods that spread to the Southern Hemisphere.Thirty years earlier my grandfather had witnessed giant 300 foot waves that had engulfed Shanghai.Even now, he could never t

45、ell us about it without his gaze slipping into a thousandmile stare.Our planet had already changed beyond recognition before it even set out on its journey.Who knew what hardships were waiting for us on our long travels through outer space?语篇解读：本文是一篇科幻故事，主要幻想了“刹车时代”地球、太阳的运行状况和人们的生活情况。10What happened

46、 when the author was born?AThe earth had stopped turning for forty two years.BThe sun was making its last fall towards the horizon.CAll the Earth Engines had not been finished.DHis family were suffering from the summer hotness.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“our family witnessed the last sunset”，然后 “In the end

47、, it took three days and three nights to finally set.Naturally, that was the end of all days and all nights”，可知作者出生的时候他的家人目睹了最后的日落，它落幕之后，地球就没有白天也没有黑夜。11Which of the following about the Earth Engines is right?AThey were built in Asia and North America due to their huge number and weight.BTheir light

48、and heat provided necessary energy for people to survive.CThey were all built to point straight upward to the sky to stop the earth rotating.DTheir existence brought both opportunities and inconvenience to people on the earth.解析：选D推理判断题。文章第三段讲这些地球的引擎能够照亮北半球，但是给南半球的人们带来了一种惊吓感(第五段最后一句话)，同时，地球引擎会释放出大量的

49、热(在第六段的第一句话)，导致人们要穿很厚的衣服，所以引擎既有好处又有不便。12What can we infer from the last three paragraphs?APeople born in the Southern Hemisphere could enjoy four different seasons.BThe author missed his PreSolar Age lifestyle very much.CGrandfather would never forget the scene of Shanghai being swallowed.DThe autho

50、r was discouraged but optimistic about the future of the earth.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第八段第三、四句“Thirty years earliermy grandfather had witnessed giant 300 foot waves that had engulfed Shanghai.Even now, he could never tell us about it without his gaze slipping into a thousandmild stare”可知每次祖父回忆的时候总会反思很久很久，会盯着远

51、处很久很久。所以可以推断上海的淹没给祖父留下了深刻的印象。13In this excerpt (节选) we can clearly see that the author is good at_.Adescribing mental activitiesBvisualizing vivid scenesCdoing experimental analysisDexpressing personal belief解析：选B推理判断题。此文出现了超多的just imagine, imagine, now imagine，所以作者是在把抽象的东西具体化，以生动的方式调动读者的多重感官。14This

52、 excerpt is a part of_.Aa documentary novelBan academic essayCa scientific research reportDa science fiction解析：选D推理判断题。文章中所描述的一些事情都是到目前为止并没有发生的事情，比如说作者说他出生在一个没有日落和日出的时代，再比如提到由地球引擎加速的海潮吞没了北半球每三个城市中的两个，上海被吞没等等，所以可以看得出这是一篇科幻小说。15What is the best title of this chapter?AThe Last SunsetBThe Earth EnginesCThe Reining AgeDThe PostSolar Life解析：选C标题归纳题。文章第一段一开始就提出作者认为自己生活在一个刹车时代。地球很快就要停止运转了。接下去几段都在讲刹车时代地球、太阳的运行状况和人们的生活情况。所以以“The Reining Age”作为标题比较适合。