UNIT 1 LIFE CHOICES LESSON 1 学案-2022-2023学年高一英语北师版（2019）必修第一册 WORD版含解析.docx

1、Unit 1 Life Choices Lesson 1 Lifestyles学习目标1. 掌握本节生词、短语及句型的表达与运用。2. 掌握动词不定式的用法。3. 通过课堂练习，对课文内容有更深入的了解。知识运用1. schedule词性：_ 意思：_on schedule 按预定时间lahead of/ behind schedule 先于/ 迟于预定时间be scheduled for sth. 为某事安排时间be scheduled to do sth. 被安排做某事练习：I had such a tight _ that I had no time to go shopping.2.

2、confidence词性：_ 意思：_lack confidence 缺乏自信have confidence in 对有信心have confidence to do sth. 有信心做某事confident adj. 自信的；肯定的，有把握的be confident about 对有信心be confident of (doing) sth. 对（做）某事有把握be confident that. 确信confidently adv. 自信地，大胆地练习：A fall in unemployment will help to restore consumer _.3. various词性：_

3、 意思：_vary v. 变化；相异variety n. 不同种类；变化；多样性a variety of = varieties of 各种各样的vary from.to. 由到不等vary with 随变化vary in 在方面变化练习：We may have _ ways to deal with such a situation.4. convenient词性：_ 意思：_It is convenient for sb.to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是方便的be convenient to 对很方便convenience n. 方便；便利；省事at ones convenienc

4、e 在某人方便的时候for convenience 为了方便inconvenience n. 不便；麻烦；困难inconvenient adj. 不方便的练习：The car is a _ means of transport. 5. recover词性：_ 意思：_recover from 从中恢复recover oneself 静下心来recover from 从找回recovery n. 恢复，痊愈；复苏；取回，收回discover vt. 发现cover vt. 覆盖；包括 n. 盖子uncover vt. 揭露；揭去的盖子练习：He was told that it would be

5、 at least three months before he could _. 6. challenge词性：_ 意思：_accept/ take up a challenge 接受挑战face/ meet a challenge 面对挑战，应对挑战a challenge to (to为介词) 对的挑战challenger n. 挑战者challenging adj. 有挑战性的练习：The defeat of cholera of its day was a real _ to many scientists.7. set out意思：_set out to do sth. 开始/ 着手

6、去做某事set out sth. 阐明某事set out for someplace 出发去某地set off 出发；动身；引爆set about着手；开始做(后接名词、动名词）set aside 留出；拨出（时间、金钱等）；不顾；把置于一边练习：He _ his objections to the plan.8. all in all意思：_after all 置于句首，强调看法，意为“毕竟，终究”；置于句尾，强调语气转折，意为“尽管，然而”above all 首先，最重要的是in all 总计，合计at all 根本，究竟all alone 独自all around (在) 周围，到处al

7、l at once 突然all through 一直，在整个期间all the same (虽然)还是，仍然 all along 一直，自始至终all over 浑身；到处练习：_, it had been a great success.阅读探究Read the two texts. Underline Joes online activities and Li Yings study habits. 句型梳理 1.（教材P8）.Ive been using the computer since I was a kid.从我是个孩子的时候起，我就一直在使用电脑。该句使用了现在完成进行时“ha

8、ve/has been doing sth.”结构。这种结构通常用于强调某动作在从过去到现在之间的时间内一直在进行，而且还可能会继续进行下去。这种结构常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。现在完成进行时现在完成进行时由“have/ has+been+现在分词”构成。I have been working as a teacher for about ten years, and I think I know much about the thoughts of young kids.我一直做了大约十年的老师，我想我非常了解小孩子的想法。Ive been living here since 1997.

9、自1997年以来我一直住在这里。The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.经理从上午9点起就一直在告诉工人们如何改进项目。I have been teaching English for almost twenty years.我教英语有将近20 年了。2.（教材P8）According to them, there is a danger that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends.

10、在他们看来，我可能无法判断这些人是否是真朋友，这是危险的。该句包含that引导的同位语从句抽象名词具体化英语中有一类名词表示抽象概念时，是不可数名词；但被赋予具体含义时，是可数名词，一般与不定冠词连用，含有“一个（件、次）的人或事”。这类名词有：pleasure (愉快，快乐) a pleasure (一件乐事)beauty (美，美貌) a beauty (一个美人，一件美物)surprise (惊奇) a surprise (一件使人惊奇的事/ 物)honour (光荣) an honour (一个光荣的人，一件光荣的事)danger (危险) a danger (一个危险的人，一件危险的

11、事)pity (怜悯，同情) a pity (一件可惜的事，一件遗憾的事)failure (失败) a failure (个失败的人，一件失败的事)success (成功，成就) a success (一个成功的人，一件成功的事)3.（教材P9）I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that Im interested in after school.我在所有课上总是专心听讲并积极思考，这样放学后我就有更多可支配的

12、时间做我感兴趣的事情。本句中so that引导目的状语从句。so thatso that（引出结果）因此；所以；（表示目的）为了；以便，引导两种状语从句。He spoke slowly so that I understood him.他说得很慢，这样我就听懂了。（引出结果）Everyone is working hard so that they can pass the exam.为了能够通过考试，人人都在努力学习。（表示目的）注意，so that引导目的状语从句时，句中常用can, could, may, might等情态动词；而其引导的结果状语从句中一般不用情态动词。They set

13、out early so that they might arrive on time.他们出发得早，以便能按时到达。（引导目的状语从句）They set out early so that they arrived on time.他们出发得早，所以按时到达了。（引导结果状语从句）The cakes are so delicious that the children eat all of them.这些蛋糕十分好吃，孩子们把它们全吃光了。She is so good a teacher ( = such a good teacher) that all of us love her.她是那

14、么好的一位老师，我们都喜欢她。Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，浑身青一块紫一块的。注意：（1）such和so的用法差别：“such a good+可数名词单数”等于“so good a/ an+可数名词单数”。（2）当“so/ suchthat.”结构中的so/ such位于句首时主句要倒装。So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him clearly.他讲话声音很大，每个人都能听清楚。4.（教材P9）I have a top 10 readin

15、g list and I try to keep it updated.我有一个十大阅读清单，并尽力让它保持更新。句中的keep意为“使处于某种状态”，常用于“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。keep+宾语+宾语补足语该结构的几种常见形式：keep+sb./ sth.+形容词/ 副词keep+sb./ sth.+介宾短语keep+sb./sth.+现在分词（表示动作或状态的持续）keep+sb./sth.+过去分词（表示被动和状态的持续）I was too tired to keep my eyes open.我累得眼睛都睁不开了。You should keep your hands beh

16、ind your backs.你们应该把手放在背后。A cold kept him in bed for a week.感冒使他卧床一周。Im sorry. I have kept you waiting outside for so long.对不起，我让你在外面等了那么久。5.（教材P9）As the popular saying goes, Every minute counts!常言道：“分秒必争！”asgoes为固定句型，表示“正如所言”。as引导的从句或常用句型as is known to us all 众所周知as is often the case 这是常有的事as often

17、 happens 正如常常发生的那样as has been said before 正如以前说的那样as has been mentioned above 正如上面提到的那样as has been pointed out 正如所指出的那样as may be imagined 可以想象得出as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样as we all know 众所周知as everyone knows 众所周知6.（教材P100）I can get injured while training or playing.在训练或者玩耍的时候我可能会受伤句中涉及状语从句的省略。whil

18、e training or playing相当于while I am training or playing。时间状语从句的省略由 when, while, till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句在省略时，并非任何成分都可以省略，而是遵循以下原则：（1）当从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句谓语含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，这时从句中可出现如下结构： 连词+名词/ 形容词/介词短语While (he was) a little boy, he showed great interest in music.他在孩提时代就对音乐表现出极大的兴趣。Work ha

19、rd when (you are) young, or youll regret.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。When/ While (you are) in difficulty, you can count on our support.遇到困难时，我们会帮助你。 连词+现在分词/ 过去分词/ 不定式While(I was) waiting for the bus, I was reading magazines.我一边看杂志，一边等公共汽车。Once (it is) learned, it will never be forgotten.一旦学会，就永远忘不了。He wrote a note

20、 when (he was) to leave.他在要离开的时候写了一张便条。（2）当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句主语是it，从句谓语又含有be动词的某种形式时，可以把it和be动词一起省略。When (it is) necessary. we will find more workers.必要的时候,我们会找更多的工人。注意：一般来说，省略现象还出现在其他四种状语从句中：由if，unless等引导的条件状语从句；由though, although, even if, whatever等引导的让步状语从句；由as, than等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if, as thoug

21、h等引导的方式状语从句。上述四种状语从句的省略与时间状语从句的省略原则相同。We cant carry on the experiment unless (we are) given enough money.除非有足够的钱，不然我们难以进行这项实验。I wont go to her party even if (I am) invited.即使被邀请我也不去参加她的聚会。She has finished the work earlier than (it has been) expected.她比预料的更早完成了这项工作。He stood up as if (he were) to say

22、something.他站起来好像要说什么。对状语从句的省略的考查主要是让考生判断连词后面用哪种非谓语形式，解这类题的关键是要弄清楚从句中的动词与其逻辑主语（即主句主语）之间的关系，如果是主谓关系通常用现在分词，如果是动宾关系通常用过去分词。Dont come in until (you are) asked.不叫你就不要进来。Be careful when (you are) crossing the road.过马路时要小心。7.（教材P100）hearing people cheer you on is great!听到人们为你欢呼简直太棒了！ hearing people cheer y

23、ou on 在句中作主语；cheer you on 在此结构中作宾语补足语。1. v.-ing作主语（1）一般来说，v.-ing作主语表示一般性的、抽象的动作或状态。单个的v.-ing作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易。（2）当 use, good, pity, worth, time, nice, tiring, bore, fun, hard, funny, odd, difficult, interesting, foolish等名词或形容词作表语时，可用it作形式主语，把作主语的v.-ing后置。常用句型有：It is n

24、o use/ no good/ a waste of time doing sth. 做某事没有用/ 没有好处/ 浪费时间。It is worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。I think it is no good reading in bed.我认为在床上看书没有好处。（3）v.-ing作主语时，如果要突出动作的执行者，要在前面加上其逻辑主语，这个逻辑主语要用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词，不能用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。Roses coming wont be of much help.罗丝的到来不会有多大帮助。(不能用Rose)2.“感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构在“感官

25、动词+宾语+do”结构中，do为不带to的不定式，表示主动的动作，且指动作发生的全过程。在被动语态中，不带to的宾语补足语变为主语补足语时，要还原不定式符号to。常见的感官动词有：see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe, listen, look 等。People often hear her sing songs. = She is often heard to sing songs by people.人们经常听到她唱歌。（不带to的不定式sing表示主动和动作发生的全过程）注意：在“感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语的形式除了do以外，

26、还有doing和done，其中doing表示主动且动作正在进行；done表示被动且动作已经完成。She felt her heart beating faster.她觉得她的心跳得更快了。(beating表示主动和动作正在进行）语法解析语法：动词不定式1. 不定式的时态和语态（1）不定式的形式不定式有六种形式，以write为例，如下表：时态主动语态被动语态一般式to writeto be written完成式to have writtento have been written进行式to be writing完成进行式to have been writing（2）不定式的使用情况 一般式：不定

27、式的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生。He seems to know this.他似乎知道这件事。 进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生，并强调动作的持续性或正在进行。He pretended to be working hard. = He pretended that he was working hard.他假装工作很努力。 完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前或已经发生。Scientists claimed to have made a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer in the past three mo

28、nths.科学家们宣称在过去的三个月里在攻克癌症方面已有重大的突破。 完成进行式：强调不定式的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻，强调动作的持续性，不强调结果。The rain was said to have been falling for a week.据说雨已经下了一周了。 被动式：不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。The factory to be built here next year is a car factory.明年要在这里建的工厂是一家汽车制造厂。2. 动词不定式的句法功能（1）作主语（可用形式主语it）To master English gives us mu

29、ch help in the study of science.掌握好英语在科学研究方面给了我们很大帮助。Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day?有必要在国庆节前完成这项设计吗？（2）作表语（说明主语的内容）Her wish is to become a college student.她的愿望是成为一名大学生。注意：动词不定式和动名词都可作主语和表语。一般来说，表示比较抽象的一般行为多用动名词；表示具体的某个动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用动词不定式。有时两者可以互换。His job is to write repo

30、rts for the newspaper.他的工作是为报社写报道。The problems remain to be unsettled.问题还没有解决。注意：当主语部分含有动词do时，做表语的不定式可以省略 to。What I want to do is (to) have a good rest.我想做的事是好好休息一下。（3）不定式作宾语 有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语，如agree, aim, attempt, tend, determine, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepar

31、e, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, hope, wish 等。I decided to buy an MP4 to learn English.我决定买个MP4来学英语。口诀助记三个希望两答应：hope, wish, want, agree, promise两个要求莫拒绝：demand, ask, refuse设法学会做决定：manage, learn, decide不要假装在选择：pretend, choose 有些动词后可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但意思大不相同，如forget, remember, mean, try等；有些动词后接不定式和动名

32、词作宾语时意思差别不大，如start, begin, hate, like 等。Mary begins to sweep/ sweeping her room.玛丽开始打扫她的房间。Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room.在你离开这个房间之前，记得把灯关了。（现在灯还没有关）I remembered turning off the lights when I left the room.我记得我离开那个房间时把灯关了。（灯已经关了） 在一些复合结构中，可用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式后置。构成此结构的动词有make

33、, find, feel, believe, consider, think等。I believe it useless to argue with him.我认为和他争吵是没有用的。I feel it my duty to help others.我觉得帮助别人是我的职责。（4）不定式作定语 不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰词的后面，往往表示将要发生的动作。The weather will be sunny in the days to come.未来几天将是晴天。 中心词是序数词、形容词最高级、the last/ the only /the next或被这些词修饰时，用不定式作定语。Zhang

34、 Jian is the first Chinese to swim across the Bohai Sea.张健是第一个横渡渤海的中国人。 抽象名词time, way, reason, chance, courage, opportunity, ability等后以及不定代词something, nothing, little等后常用不定式作定语。A subway is an effective way to solve traffic problems in a big city.地铁是解决大城市交通问题的一个有效方法。 “there be+主语+to do”和“have sth. to

35、 do”结构中，不定式也做作后置定语。There is nothing to worry about.没什么可担心的。注意： 不定式作定语时，往往与被修饰词有动宾关系，若构成不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后须有相应的介词，如：a piece of paper to write on 若不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，不定式用主动式；若其逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则不定式用被动式。如：I have something to be washed. (wash 所表示的动作不是由主语I发出的） 如果其动词要求用动词不定式作宾语，或者其形容词要接动词不定式作补语，则相应的名词一般用动词不定式作定语。tend

36、 to do = tendency to do decide to do = decision to dobe curious to do = curiosity to do（5）不定式作状语 不定式作目的状语They took exercise every day to keep healthy.为了保持健康，他们每天运动。 不定式作结果状语常用如下结构：so+形容词/ 副词+as to do 如此以至于such +形容词/ 名词+as to do 如此以至于enough+名词+to do 足够名词/ 形容词/ 副词+ enough + to do 足够too+形容词/ 副词+to do 太

37、而不能He is not so stupid (such a fool) as to do that.他还没有蠢到做那种事。The boy is old enough to go to school.这个男孩到了上学的年龄了。注意：不定式短语表示结果时，常与only连用，暗示一种意外的结果。 不定式作原因状语They jumped with joy to hear the news.听到这个消息，他们高兴得跳了起来。 不定式作方式状语（常与as if, as though连用）He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.他举起手来，像是要把他的帽子

38、摘掉。 不定式修饰作表语或宾语补足语的形容词Im very glad to see you again.很高兴又见到你了。English is not so difficult to learn.英语并没有那么难学。（6）不定式作宾语补足语 动词+宾语+带to的动词不定式有这种用法的动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hire, intend, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach,

39、 tell , want, warn等。She asked me to stay there.她要我待在那里。He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸) about themselves.他想要这些孩子学会夸自己。 表示见解、看法的动词+宾语+带to的动词不定式有这种用法的动词（短语）有：believe, consider, declare, discover, feel, find, imagine, judge, suppose, think, understand等。We found the rumor to be true.我们发现这个传闻是真的

40、。注意：这类动词后面用作宾语补足语的不定式通常是to be或 to have done。 感官动词+宾语+不带to的不定式有这种用法的动词（词组）有：see, notice, watch, look at, observe, hear, listen to, feel等。I like to listen to the birds sing when I get up early in the morning.当我清晨起床时，我喜欢听鸟儿歌唱。注意：被动语态中不定式必须带to。The children were seen to run down the street.有人看到孩子们沿着这条街跑了

41、。 使役动词+宾语+不带to的不定式有这种用法的动词有：make, have, let等。Dont make the children do such heavy work.别让孩子们干这么重的活。注意： 在被动结构中不定式必须带to，但have一般不用于被动语态。 get也是使役动词，但它后面做宾语补足语的不定式总是带to。I got Mary to lend me some money.我让玛丽借给我一些钱。 表示好恶的动词+宾语+带to的不定式有这种用法的动词有：dislike, like, prefer, hate, love, want等。Do you prefer me to do

42、 the work by myself?你更愿意我自己做这项工作吗？注意：这类动词通常不用被动式。 动词短语+宾语+带to的不定式有这种用法的动词短语有：arrange for, ask for, call on, count on, depend on, long for, rely on, wait for等。Im waiting for you to reply.我等着你回答。练习：1. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _ (change) lives.2. He is t

43、hought _ (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.3. Its standard practice for a company like this one _ (employ) a security officer.4. _ (work) out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of

44、 the package and tried it on, only_ (find) it didnt fit.答案知识运用1. schedule 2. confidence 3. various 4. convenient 5. recover6. challenge 7. set out 8. All in all阅读探究Joe: chat with friends, do schoolwork, watch films, read the daily news and other interesting articles, shop online, compare the quality

45、 and prices from different online shops, play computer gamesLi Ying: set a goal for every subject, be attentive in all classes and think actively, use time well, do homework in spare time in school, use any other spare time to review things learnt that day语法解析1. to change 2. to have acted 3. to employ 4. To work 5. to find